Animal gabobin, sashin jiki tsarin: definition, misalai

A rai gabar - shi ne wani tsarin juna gabobin da kyallen takarda. Ta hanyar su hadewa aikin na dabba zai iya aiki kullum. Kuma shi ba kome a abin da mataki na ci gaba ne cikin jiki. Iyakar abin da bambanci shi ne cewa wakilan da fauna iya zama a matakai daban-daban na ci gaba da kuma, sabili da haka, dabba gabobin, sashin jiki da tsarin kuma suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin sharuddan na tsari da kuma aiki. Wannan dogara ne a kan manufa da phylogeny.

A tsarin da dabba gawarwakin

Mai gabobin da na kowa kewaye tsarin: connective nama daina kai hare hare, da murdede Layer da kuma na ciki Layer. Dangane da aiki da kuma ayyuka na wadannan yadudduka za a iya da raya, ba ya nan, ko kuma ru da sauran shafukan.

Ba dukan dabba kyallen takarda samar da gabobin. Alal misali, coelenterates da Sponges, flatworms kasance har yanzu a cikin nama matakin na kungiyar.

Biology. nazarin halittu tsarin

Da farko, jikin kwayoyin kunshi bambancin Kwayoyin. A ci gaba da dabba jikin da aka kafa, sashin jiki tsarin. Suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin aiki, amma su aiki ne da nufin ne kawai a abu daya - don kula da haƙuri da da ciki yanayi na jiki da kuma al'ada rayuwa.

Ware wadannan Gabar tsarin:

1. Sistem.

2. narkewa kamar.

3. Musculoskeletal.

4. tukar tumbi.

5. numfashi.

6. endocrine.

7. m.

8. Ayyukan.

9. The tsarin ji tsoron.

Sistem sakulasan ne sistem na dabbobi

Sistem sakulasan tsarin farko bayyana a annelids, kuma suna da shi rufe da irin. Biyu main jirgin ruwa - dorsal da ventral. Suna shiga a gaban tsutsa jiki iko tashoshi wanda trivially kira "zukata", amma shi ya aikata ba raba abokai, amma talakawa tasoshi, da ganuwar wanda dauke da wani lokacin farin ciki Layer tsoka nama.

Bugu da ari juyin halitta na gabobin ya kamar haka:

- duk iri dabbobi har zuwa kuma ciki har da Shellfish jijiyoyi da wani bude irin;

- da golovohordovyh tsarin na rufaffiyar type, amma yana da wani zuciya.

- daga cyclostomes (hagfish, lampreys) bayyana dvukamernoe zuciya.

- halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe uku gidajen zuciya, da jini ne gauraye.

- tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa, da zuciya na 4-jam'iyya, saboda haka ba za su iya kula da m jiki zafin jiki (homeothermic).

alimentary tsarin

Narkewa kamar tsarin farko da aka bayyana flatworms (a cikin nau'i na rufaffiyar tashoshi). Dubura akwai. Daga bisani, da kayan ciki na dabbobi sun samo asali kamar haka:

- da roundworms bayyana shiga ta cikin hanji tube: hindgut kuma dubura (a cikin jirgin akwai biyu kawai daga cikin hanji).

- da annelids kafa alli salivary gland, wanda babban aiki - bazuwar na detritus.

- arthropod gaban da kuma tsakiyar hanji suna sahu tare da chitin bawo.

- da Amphioxus bayyana hanta outgrowth.

- a cartilaginous kifi - helical bawul a cikin kananan hanji, ta aiki - kara tsotsa surface.

- karin ci gaba ne a kan tsawo daga cikin hanji, da kuma saboda haka, da karuwa a cikin tsotsa yankin.

Locomotor na'ura

Musculoskeletal tsarin kunshi biyu tsarin: kwarangwal kuma tsokoki. A kwarangwal abubuwa a matsayin wani goyon baya, da kuma tsokoki alhakin motsi a cikin sarari. kwanan nan juyin wani babban bambantawa da kuma rage metameric tsari.

1. A kwarangwal bayyana a cyclostomes.
2. A cartilaginous kifi cartilaginous shi, mafiya yawa daga fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi - kashi.
3. Tare da landfall a halittar dabba mai kafafuwa bayyana biyar-fingered wata gabar jiki, ƙashi ci gaba free wata gabar jiki da kuma sabon kashin baya.
4. Dabbobi masu rarrafe kafa kirji.
5. A cikin tsuntsaye, akwai da yawa daga canje-canje a cikin kwarangwal dinsa dangane da na'urar tashi.
6. A dabbobi masu shayarwa, akwai karshe bambantawa daga kashi.

excretory tsarin

Wanne kãtse akwai dabba gabobin? Gabar tsarin kuma sun hada da wani mugunya tsarin, wanda yake da alhakin cire daga jiki na rayuwa kayayyakin, da gubobi da poisons.

- flatworms excretory tsarin da aka wakilta protonephridia.

- A annelids riga metanephridia.

- A arthropod bayyana kore gland, Malpighian shambura.

- Mu shellfish - Koda.

- Duk da wadannan iri (to kifi) kai koda.

- A kifi da halittar dabba mai kafafuwa mesonephros.

A duk, tun daga dabbobi masu rarrafe da kuma kawo karshen tare da dabbobi masu shayarwa, wadannan ayyuka ana yin pelvic koda.

numfashi tsarin

Shi aikin da aiki na narkewa oxygen yanayi. Da farko bayyana a arthropod.

- A crustaceans numfashi tsarin wakilta gills.

- Insects - da trachea.

- a mollusks - wani haske kafa ta alkyabbar kogo.

- duk da dabbobi har zuwa na kifi da na numfashi tsarin - yana da gills.

- ƙarshe: ɓullo da saccular huhu.

- dabbobi masu rarrafe - salula.

- Birds - spongy.

- Dabbobi masu shayarwa - alveolar huhu.

juyayi tsarin

Juyayi tsarin ta haɗu da wasu sashin jiki da tsarin a guda kwayoyin, ba da sakonni da kuma iko da aiki na kowane sashi.

A juyayi tsarin na yaxuwa irin bayyana a coelenterates.

- flatworms ortogon ko juyayi tsarin tsani.

- Shin roundworms peripharyngeal jijiya zobe da jijiya kututturan.

- A annelids peripharyngeal jijiya zobe kuma ventral jijiya igiyar.

- A arthropod akwai shugaban ganglion kuma ya zauna da ventral jijiya igiyar.

- A maha? Ar clams juyayi tsarin.

- Akwai bayyana golovohordovyh fadada daga cikin na tsarin jijiya tube a ƙarshen gaban na jiki.

- The kifi asirce dukan sassa na kwakwalwa.

Bugu da ari, da abubuwa masu rarrafe akwai farkon na cerebral bawo.

A dabbobi masu shayarwa, akwai kwakwalwa convolutions.

haihuwa tsarin

haihuwa tsarin aiki - wasa nasu irin. A haihuwa tsarin iya zama namiji ko mace, a can ne dauke da lalurar mata (annelids, mollusks). Mata ta tsarin ya samo asali hankali. Babban gabobin ne mahaifa, fallopian shambura, ovaries. Mutane da yawa parasitic tsutsotsi bayyana ko ootype da kuma ƙarin ciwon daji: gina jiki, da gwaiduwa.

Namiji haihuwa tsarin kunshi testes da vas deferens. Next, maniyyi ana saki ta copulatory sashin jiki a waje ko a cikin mata kaciya gabobin.

ƙarshe

Mun kalli abin ne gabobin dabbobi. Gabar tsarin taka muhimmiyar rawa a rike da al'ada rayuwa na da cikakken kowane mutum, ko mutum ko tsutsotsi. Idan kowane tsarin na aiki yadda ya kamata, domin tabbatar da homeostasis da kwayoyin.

Yara a ilmin halitta aji nazarin tsarin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Kayayyakin kayan sa ya fi sauƙi ga tuna da look na dabba gabobin. Tables na daban-daban tsarin za a iya samu a kusan duk wani binciken ilmin halitta.