Ancient Cathedrals na Rasha - photo da kuma bayanin

Stone tsoho majami'u fara gina bayan tallafi na Kiristanci a matsayin addinin jihar na Rasha. Suna farko gina a cikin manyan biranen - Kiev, Vladimir kuma Novgorod. Mai Cathedrals sun tsira da su ne mafi muhimmanci gine-gine Monuments.

tarihi bayanai

Tsohon Rasha jihar kai da ganiya a zamanin mulkin Vladimira Velikogo da ɗansa Yaroslava Mudrogo. A cikin shekara ta 988 aka zayyana a jihar addini Kiristanci. Wannan ya na bayar da muhimmanci ga kara raya dangantakar mulkin gargajiya, da karfafa hadin kan kasar, yawan al'adu rai, da fadada dangantaka da Byzantine Empire da sauran Turai iko. Wadannan yardar Kiristanci a Rasha ya fara gina tsoho dutse majami'u. Don aiki gayyace mafi kyau artists a lokacinsa, amfani da m da fasaha nasarori na zamanin.

Na farko da dutse coci - zakar - da aka gina a tsakiyar Kiev karkashin Vladimir Mai girma. A lokacin da gini sarkin ya iya muhimmanci karfafa birni da kuma fadada da karkararta.

Byzantine style a gine

Ancient Cathedrals na Rasha shi ne sau da yawa sosai ta zane reminiscent na Byzantine majami'u. Amma nan da nan wannan art model fara dauki kasa peculiarities.

Church of zakar da aka gicciye-domed coci. A wannan siffar da ya Chernigov Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral, Sofia Kiev da sauransu.

Ka yi la'akari da halayyar fasali na Byzantine majami'u:

• Cross-domed majami'u sun yi shugaba Dome, wanda aka karfafa ta hudu ginshikan. Suna wani lokacin shiga ta biyu mafi (domin ya fi girma masu girma dabam).
• Ancient Cathedrals yayi kama da dala.
• Domin gina haikalin amfani musamman tubalin da wasu nau'i - plinfy cewa alaka via tsemyanki.
• Windows, kamar yadda mai mulkin, da kamar wata takware kuma da baka.
• Babban hankali da aka mayar da hankali a kan ciki na coci. Rich abun da ke ciki waje fakowa ba.

Halayyar siffofin na zamanin d gine

Rasha tsoho Cathedrals aka gina a kan Byzantine model. Amma a kan lokaci, da gine-gine da ya samu ta kasa fasali.

• A haikalin sun fi Byzantine. Don yin wannan, mun gina ƙarin galleries a kusa da babban ginin.
• Maimakon haka, tsakiyar shafi yin amfani da mafi krestopodobnye ginshiƙai.
• Plinfa wani lokacin maye gurbinsu da dutse.
• Wasan kwaikwayo zane style ba hanya zuwa hoto tare da lokaci.
• C a XII. ba a amfani da hasumiya, da galleries kuma ba to ba ya rufe gefen.

Sophia Cathedral

Ancient babban coci da aka gina a cikin tsawon mafi girma heyday na Kievan Rus. A tarihin kafuwar St. Sophia Dates baya ga 1017 ko 1037 shekaru.

A babban coci da aka sadaukar domin hikimar rukunan Kirista da kuma aka tsara don tabbata da yawa daga cikin sabon addini. A cikin kwanaki na Rasha zaunar nan al'adu da kuma zamantakewa cibiyar babban birnin kasar. A babban coci da aka kewaye da wasu na dutse a ɗakin, manyan gidãje da kuma talakawa a birane gine-gine.

Asali shi ne mai biyar-sojan ruwa giciye-domed ginin. Located waje cikin gallery. gina garun da aka gina na ja bulo da kuma plinths. Sophia Cathedral, kazalika da sauran tsoho Rasha majami'u, da aka yi wa ado da daban-daban Al'arshinSa da arches. A ciki cike da kyau frescoes da gilded mosaics. Yana duk ya ba da alama mai girma ƙawa da girmamãwa. Cathedral fentin da wasu daga cikin shahararrun Byzantine Masters.

Sophia Cathedral - na musamman da abin tunawa da gine na Ukraine kiyaye bayan da Mongol mamayewa a 1240.

Church na Ceto na Our Lady

The coci, located a kan bankunan na da Nerl River ne daya daga cikin shahararrun Monuments a cikin Suzdal ƙasar. Haikalin da aka gina Andreem Bogolyubskim a XII karni. a cikin girmamawa ga sabon hutu a Rasha - Kariya daga cikin Virgin. Kamar sauran tsoho Rasha majami'u, wannan coci ne a giciye-domed gininsa a kan dirkoki huɗu. A gini ne sosai haske da kuma sauki. Frescoes na coci ba tsira da ba rana, kamar yadda aka halaka a lokacin da maimaitawa a karshen cikin XIX karni.

Kremlin a Moscow

Moscow Kremlin - mafi shahara da kuma tsofaffin gine-gine abin tunawa a cikin babban birnin kasar Rasha. A cewar labari, da farko katako sansanin soja da aka gina ko da Yuri Dolgoruky a farkon na XII karni. Ancient Cathedrals na Kremlin ne mafi shahara a Rasha da kuma har yanzu janyo hankalin masu yawon shakatawa tare da kyau.

zato Cathedral

Na farko da dutse babban coci a Moscow - zato. Yana da aka gina ta Italian m a zamanin mulkin Ivan III a tsororuwar Kremlin tudu. A general, ginin ne kama da sauran tsoho Rasha majami'u: giciye-Dome model, da shida ginshiƙai da biyar surori. Dalili domin gina da kuma zane da aka dauka ɗauka cewa Church a Vladimir. A ganuwar da aka gina na reluwe dangantaka (maimakon gargajiya oak), wanda ya kasance wani sabon abu ga kasar Rasha.

Zato Cathedral aka yi nufi ga nanata yawa na Muscovy da kuma nuna da iko. Akwai da aka gudanar coci majalisa, zabe Lardi, aure zuwa zamanin Rasha shugabanni.

Cathedral na Gaske Shelar

A wani lokaci a lokacin da Moscow shi ne har yanzu a kananan sarauta a shafin na wani tsoho haikali na Gaske Shelar Cathedral. gina sabon ginin ya fara a 1484. Domin ta yi Rasha gine-ginen daga Pskov aka gayyace. A watan Agusta 1489 tashi snow fari trehkupolny Haikali, kewaye da wani babban gallery a kan uku bangarorin.
Idan ɗauka cewa Cathedral shi ne addini na tsakiya na sarauta, inda muhimmanci addini da siyasa bikin, da Gaske Shelar ya na fādar coci. Bugu da kari, shi kiyaye jihar taskar mai girma shugabanni.

Cathedral of Shugaban Mala'iku

Wannan tsoho abin tunawa ne a haikali-kabarin da ƙura aka adana Rasha shahararren. Ga ake binne Ivan Kalita, Dmitry Donskoy, Ivan Grozny, Vasiliy Temny, Vasiliy Shuysky da sauransu.

Shugaban Mala'iku Cathedral da aka gina a 1508 ta Italian m Aleviz. Jagora zo a Moscow a bisa gayyatar da Ivan III.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa Mala'iku coci ne ba kamar sauran tsoho majami'u located a kan Red Square. Ya tunatar da wadanda mutane gini, da zane na abin da akwai tsoho motifs. Shugaban Mala'iku Cathedral ne a giciye-domed biyar-domed gini da shida ginshikan. A lokacin shiri na farko a cikin tarihin na Rasha gine na biyu-bene sammacin facade zane da aka yi amfani da ita.

Church of Hawan Yesu zuwa sama a cikin Kolomenskoye

The coci da aka gina a 1532, a girmama na haihuwa na Ivana Groznogo. Wajen da kyau gini a kan bankunan na Moscow River. Hawan Yesu zuwa sama Church, ta sha bamban daga sauran Rasha Cathedrals. A form shi ne daidai-giciye kuma shi ne na farko model na hip gine a Rasha.