Ƙaddamar da ci gaban Kievan Rus

Kievan Rus ita ce mafi girma a cikin kasashen Turai. Yana da aka kafa a cikin 9th karni a sakamakon da ciki ci gaban da Slavic kabilu. Kievan Rus ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin mutanen gabashin Slavic. Cikin dukanin zama na jihar samo asali tsoho Rasha al'umma, wanda ya zama tushen da kabilanci 3 al'umma - Rasha, Belarushiyanci kuma Ukrainian. A jam'iyya na Slavic kabilu da gudummawar da ci gaban tattalin arziki, al'adu da kuma siyasa duniyoyin. Kievan Rus ya dauki babban wuri a fagen duniya. An kafa lambobi da Czech Czech, Georgia, Poland, Faransa, Byzantium, Ingila.

Gwanin Kievan Rus

Na dogon lokaci ga mafi girma jihar na Yurobi an nuna rabuwa. Shugabannin basu iya zuwa yarjejeniya ba yayin da suke warware tambayoyi masu sauki.

Kwancin Kievan Rus yana da alaka da gyaran addini wanda Yarima Vladimir ya gudanar. Ya fahimci cewa arna ba ya dace da bukatun irin wannan iko. Bangaskiya a cikin halayen yanayi yana nufin bauta wa gumakan da yawa. Kuma Vladimir ya yanke shawarar ƙarfafa ikonsa tare da taimakon Kristanci. Saboda haka, yawan mutanen Kievan Rus sun fahimci - idan akwai Allah guda daya a sama, to, zasu iya samun shugaba ɗaya - Vladimir. Ya yarda da bangaskiyar Kirista. Bayan haka, kusan dukkanin mutane sun yi baftisma. Tare da tallafi na Kristanci, sarkin ikon ya ƙarfafa.

A heyday na Kievan Rus da kuma ci gaba a zamanin mulkin Yaroslava Mudrogo. Tare da shi, an maida hankali sosai don ƙarfafa matsayin Kristanci. Bugu da ƙari, al'adu da ilimi sun kai matsayi mafi girma. A wannan lokacin an fassara yawancin littattafai daga Helenanci zuwa Tsohuwar Rasha. A Novgorod, an halicci makaranta inda dalibai ɗari uku ke nazarin karatun karatu. A Kiev, St. Sophia Cathedral shine tushen asali na farko a Rasha. Ba wai kawai aka fassara littattafai ba, amma kuma tarihin da aka rubuta.

Kwanan nan na Kievan Rus ya kasance yana ci gaba da bunkasa gine-gine da zane. Misali mai kyau shi ne Cathedral St. Sophia. Ba shi da wani analogue a kowace jiha. Gidan cocin yana rarrabe. Sabanin irin kayan aikin gine-ginen lokaci, Kiev Sophia bai tashi sama ba. A cikin zane, wani wuri mai muhimmanci shi ne fresco da mosaic.

Manufofin harkokin waje na Kievan Rus

Ayyukan da ke fuskantar manyan shugabannin Rasha sune:

- kariya ga hanyoyin kasuwanci;

- gwagwarmaya da magunguna;

- ƙarfafa dangantaka da daular Byzantine.

A cikin yanayin hare-haren da ake fuskanta, barazanar da aka yi, masu mulkin Rus sun karfafa lambobin tsaro. Don haka, a ƙarƙashin Vladimir an kafa samfurori masu karfi a kan kogin kamar Desna, Sula, Struna. A duk tsawon yanayin tsaro, birni da gandun daji an gina.

Tun daga karni na 10, yakin basasa da aka yi tsakanin Byzantium da Kievan Rus. A hanyoyi da yawa sun haɗu da gwagwarmaya don hanyoyin kasuwanci, da rage ayyukan da ake yi na masu kasuwa, da ƙarfafa ikon. Sai dai a cikin 1046 kasashe biyu masu ƙarfi na Turai sun kammala yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya na ƙarshe, wanda aka rufe ta bikin auren yar Kiev Yaroslav da 'yar yar sarki Byzantine Monomakh.

Shugabannin tsohuwar Rasha

Bisa ga ka'idar Norman, tsohuwar Slavs sun zauna kananan kabilu kafin karni na 9 ba tare da kulawa ba. Sa'an nan kuma aka kira su zuwa ga shigan Varangian sarakuna, wanda ya sanya harsãshin ga samuwar na zamanin d Rasha jihar. A wannan lokacin, yankunan sun kai farmaki a asashe. A sakamakon haka, an kashe daya daga cikin shugabannin 'yan Vajara (Rurik). Gidan Daular Kiev shi ne wurin da Oleg ke kula da shi. Bayan rasuwar Oleg, Igor ya zama jihar.

Babban rawar da ake samu a ci gaba da Kievan Rus shine na Vladimir. Ba kawai ya haɗa dukan ƙasashen ba, amma har ya karbi Kristanci.

Yaroslav Mai Hikima an bai wa wani wuri mai mahimmanci a tarihin zamanin Rasha. A ƙarƙashinsa, Kievan Rus ya kai ga rana: dangantaka da kasashe da dama na duniya sun ƙarfafa, kuma wata nasara ta faru a cikin al'adu.

Bayan mulkin Yaroslav mai hikimah, kursiyin ya wuce zuwa Vladimir Monomakh, sannan kuma Yury Dolgoruky.

Hakika, tare da kowane mai mulki, Kievan Rus ya kai mataki daban-daban na ci gaba, amma ba za a iya hana shi ba a karkashin Vladimir da Yaroslav cewa Tsohuwar Rasha ta kai ga mafi girma na ci gabanta.