Amurka-Mexico War, 1846-1848 shekaru. Fashewa tashin, da shugabannin, da jayayya yankuna

A Amurka yaki da kuma Mexico saboda rigima Texas ya kai ga cewa Amirkawa suna a haɗe zuwa ba kawai Texas, amma kuma ta dukan zamani kudu maso yammacin. A yakin da aka za'ayi a kan da dama fronts da aka tuna da unprecedented partisan.

The shawarwari kan Texas

A tsakiyar XIX karni, da New World ya samu daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci ga yankin ta yaƙe-yaƙe. A zubar da jini ya fara saboda wani karo na bukatun na Amurka da kuma Mexico. Kasashen ba zai iya raba Texas. A 1836, wannan yankin m tafi daga Mexico, ta kuma ayyana samun 'yancin kai (ba a gane da' yancin kai na Mexico da kuma dauke newfound Jamhuriyar 'yan tawayen yankin, wanda su ne dan lokaci kama awaren).

Texas, A halin yanzu, ya fara kafa lambobi tare da Amurka. Mexican-American War ya barke ne saboda Washington ta so ya shiga cikin jamhuriyar kansa da kansa. Wannan siyasa ne professed Democrats. A 1844, shugaban kasar Amurka ya zama dan takarar Dzheyms Polk. A cikin al'ummar {asar Amirka da annexation na Texas-lokaci bi da a hanyoyi biyu. A daya hannun, shi so da mazauna m kudu, da kuma a kan sauran - wannan yana tsayayya da arewacin masana'antu jihohi, sun kasance a adawa da kudancin bawa masu.

da inevitability na yaki

Duk da dukan da sabani jayayya yankuna har yanzu ya zama wani ɓangare na Amurka. Wannan ya faru a 1845 a lokacin da Texas zama 28th jihar na lissafi. Mexico har yanzu ya wadãtu da Jamhuriyar ɓangare na da karkararta, da haka ta gwamnati Allah wadai Washington ta yanke shawara. Dangantaka tsakanin kasashen biyu sun deteriorated sharply. A halin da ake ciki ya kasance kusa m.

A cikin rikici kokarin shiga tsakani Faransa da kuma Birtaniya. The biyu Turai ikon gane da m Jamhuriyar Texas da kuma nuna godiya ta Accession zuwa Amurka a matsayin wani bayani da sarki jihar. Shiryar da wadannan sharudda, a Paris da kuma London kira Mexico ba bayyana yaki a kan Amurka. Duk da haka, da kokarin sun ɓãci.

Da gazawar da diflomasiyya

A dalilin da Amurka-Mexico iyakar ta zama domin yaki. Saboda rigima Texas matsayi na kasa ba zai iya yarda a kan wanda ya mallaki abin da ƙasa. Mexico ya wadãtu da kasashen waje Nueces River, da kuma Amurka - da Rio Grande. The shawarwari zauna warware matsalar lokacin da spring na 1845, American dakarunta suka shiga Texas. A cikin teku, da aka dauke da makamai tare da sabuwar fasahar da rundujar soja masu dawaki.

Gwamnatin {asar Amirka ke shirya ga mai zuwa yaƙi a cikin yanayin na inganta halin asiri. Society unsuspecting na game zubar da jini. Domin jinsunan da aka qaddamar tattaunawa saya Amurka Mexican asashe. Amurka sun samarwa daban-daban yawa a musayar ƙasa yamma da Texas. Yana da aka California ($ 25 miliyan) da kuma New Mexico (miliyan 5). A wannan yanayin, da jayayya ƙasar tsakanin Rio Grande da Nueces Free canja zuwa Texas. A tsari da aka ƙi.

A halin da ake ciki siyasa a Mexico

A kan Hauwa'u na da yaki, Mexico shiga wani lokaci na rikicin siyasa. A 1846, shugaban kasar hudu sau canza shida sau - da Ministan Tsaro, goma sha shida - Ministan kudi. Leapfrog faruwa a karkashin yanayi na girma anti-American jin zuciya. A jama'a da aka kafa musamman m. Duk wanda aspired zuwa iko da tsaye ga m shiri na rikici da Amurka, ya zama a lokaci daya wani jẽfaffe.

Lokacin da Mexico ta gwamnatin da aka kafa, na kunsa nationalists, sai suka tafi a kan kara ƙarin tsanani daga dangantakar da ke arewacin makwabcin. New siyasa bayyane ruwaito suke siffantawa to Texas. Mexican-American War duka kusa da makawa. A farkon 1846, a Birnin Washington karbi sako furtawa cewa abokan adawar ki hadu da na gaba da wakilin musamman.

Arista Mariano

8 Maris, 1846 da US Army haye Rubicon da shigar da yankin Mexico. A yanke shawarar fara yaki da aka dauka a Washington jiya. A kan bankunan na Rio Grande sojojin fara gina mata kagarai da batura yi. Duk da haka bi kawancen maƙiyi mashigai.

A cikakken fledged soja rikici tsakanin Amurka da Mexico ya fara ranar 23 Afrilu, lokacin da Mexico ayyana Amurka yaki. Kwamandan a farko, da aka zaba Arista Mariano. Ya soja ya gina baya a cikin Spanish sojojin. Bayan Mexico suka kaddamar da wani gwagwarmaya da makamai ga 'yancin kai, da jami'in shiga yunkuri. Mariano ya mai taimako m ideas. Lokacin da Mexican-American War ƙare, ya fara gina aiki siyasa, da kuma a 1851-1853 shekaru. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kasar na Mexico.

Major General Taylor

Mexico amsa wa Amurka furucin da yaki a kan 13 May. American zama kwamandan Zakari Teylor. An haife shi a Virginia da ya riga ya tabbatar da kansa a lokacin da Anglo-American yaki. Bugu da kari, ya ciyar da yawa hare-hare a cikin Indian jeji. A farko wuri ya kasance ta mamaye arewa-maso-gabashin Mexico, kuma a cikin akwati idan abokan gaba ki mika wuya, ya yi barazana Mexico.

Godiya ga nasara a kan kudancin makwabcin Zachary Taylor ya taba gudanar da wani jama'a ofishin, ya bude hanyar babban siyasa. A 1848 aka zabe shi dan 12th shugaban kasar Amurka. Duk da haka, a lokacin da kiwon lafiya da aka riga aka gurgunta da yawa cututtuka da ta shafi soja a lokacin da yake yakin. Taylor ya mutu a shekara bayan shan ofishin. A sakamakon haka, da babban rabo, da aka ba da zama a cikin ofishin shugaban kasar, da kuma nasara a kan Mexicans.

A dawowar Santa Anna

Jim kadan bayan da Amurka-Mexico iyakar da aka bari a baya, da American sojojin ci birnin na Matamoros, bayan shelling shi daga manyan bindigogi. Maharan da fasaha, ingantaccen da kuma gwada yawa amfanin, a sakamakon nasarar da suka samu sun ma'ana da na halitta. Bayan Matamoros sallamãwa dama birane Seralvo, Camargo da Reynosa.

Fashewa tashin jagoranci zuwa wani canji na iko a Mexico. Jihar management dauki Musulmai masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Sun ciyar da dama ya gyara aikinsa, kuma komo daga zaman talala na Janar Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. A matsayin shugaban kasa, da ya jagoranci sabuwar tattaunawar tare da Amirkawa.

Sturm Monterrey

A halin yanzu, Satumba 20, 1846 Taylor sojojin kewaye birnin Monterrey. A ganuwar 'yan kwanaki ba da amsa zuwa ga manyan bindigogi. Besiegers tsiwirwirinsu wani amfani kawai bayan detachment na Texas Rangers dauki 'yan tuddai zuwa yamma na Monterrey. M matsayi da ya yarda da Amirkawa dauki hari daga bangarorin biyu, wanda ya kasance wani rabo.

A rana ta biyar ya zama ruwan dare Mexicans gudu daga harsasai, da kuma sun capitulated. Mun kutsa kashe fiye da mutane 500 sun ajiye - 300 Taylor sojojin da aka ƙãre ba. Tã asarar tilasta kyaftin to bari Mexican rundunar sojojin tsaron kasar, yayin da rike da makamansu da kuma Banners. Sturm yawa kudin Monterrey. Da yawa daga cikin birnin da aka halakar da kuma kone su. A tarihin Mexico ne cike da ban mamaki da suka faru, amma cewa, yaƙi ya kewaye ta Mexicans yi imani da mafi muhimmanci alama ce da yaki da Amurka.

yakin neman ci gaba da

Wadannan da Monterrey Amirkawa sallamãwa Coahuila babban birnin jihar Saltillo. A watan Nuwamba, ya aka kama a key Mexican tashar jiragen ruwa na Tampico. Duk wannan lokaci, Santa Anna ci gaba da tattara karfin da kuma shirya don wani hukunci yaƙi. Its manufarsa shine Taylor sojojin tsaye kusa Saltillo. Yawa ya fi girma a cikin size Mexican sojojin arangama da Amirkawa a kan 22-23 Fabrairu 1847 a cikin Battle of Buena Vista. Mutane na Santa Anna yi don shawo kan hanya kilomita 300 daga m hamada. Sojoji sha wahala daga wani rashin abinci da kuma ruwa. Akwai taro desertions. By farkon yakin morale na Mexican sojojin bar yawa da za a so.

A wuri ya zama wani abu zubar da jini a Saltillo kunkuntar dutsen izinin. A rana ta farko da Mexicans bypassed abokin sojojin daga hagu flank, shigar da raya da kuma karya reshe, ya umarta ta Taylor. Wasu daga cikin Amirkawa suka tattara zuwa ga Saltillo. Yaƙin koma a ranar 23 Fabrairu. A yamma, Santa Anna ba zato ba tsammani suka tattara. Ya yanke shawara, ya bayyana cewa ya ji wani rashin ammonium a cikin sojojin. Mexicans sun rasa kashe game da 1,500 mutane, da Amirkawa - 700.

Juyin juya halin a Mexico

Mexico ta wuri da aka samun muni. Duk da yake Texas, California da sauran larduna na ci gaba da wuce karkashin iko da Amurka, suka sha wahala daya sha kashi bayan da kasar zo ga ƙarshe kudi. A gwamnati da umarnin a requisition na coci dukiya. Its sayarwa zai taimaka wa ci gaba da yaki. Duk da haka, irin matakan bai yarda da mafi daban-daban yadudduka da Mexican al'umma.

Anti-gwamnati fara tunzurin. Santa Anna gaggauta barin gaban da ya tafi mayar da oda a babban birnin kasar. A Mexico, A halin yanzu, ya kifar da gwamnatin. Santa Anna shiga cikin 'yan tawayen. Bayan fall baya gwamnatin, ya samu kama iko.

Battle of Veracruz

Duk da yake a Mexico City flared ƙungiyoyin adawa, da Mexican-American War ci gaba tafarkinsa. A karshe mataki na yaƙi, da US Army, cycled zuwa arewa, tsaya ya rinjãya m da kuma mayar da su cikin tsunduma matsayin tsaron gida. The tafi zuwa babban birnin kasar da makiya fadin matakan da Semi-Hamada, inda babu ruwa, da Amirkawa bai yi kuskure. A maimakon haka, su sojojin kama a tashar jiragen ruwa na Veracruz. Daga shi ne mafi guntu hanya zuwa Mexico City.

A-Cif na sabon aiki an zabe Winfield Scott. Taylor ba farin ciki tare da Democratic Party, a matsayin kalaman na shahararsa ya zama da'awar da shugabancin bayan na gaba zaben. A saukowa 12000th hari fara Maris 9, 1847. Kame Veracruz ya samu halartar da yawa nan gaba heroes of Amirka yakin basasa, ciki har da George Meade da kuma Robert E. Lee.

sabon gaban

Veracruz mika wuya a ranar 29 ga watan Maris. Amurkawa samu kashe tare da kawai 80 aka kashe, amma an fashewa da rawaya zazzabi a cikin sojojin. Kore ta yanayi Winfield Scott sauri. Afrilu 17 sojojinsa gana da Mexican sojoji, wanda sake umarta ta Santa Anna. Amurkawa kama da dabarun tuddai, shigar a kan shi howitzers da haka lashe yaƙi.

Afrilu 22 fadi birni Perote, kuma a ranar 15 May - Puebla. Attack hana yaƙin yaki fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa kusa Veracruz. 'Yan tawayen farmaki kananan hari da kuma convoys invaders. Wadannan gungu sata motocin, zaba kaya da kuma kayan abinci. Baya ga hanya, wanda ya Scott, da Amirkawa ba su bayyana a cikin ƙasa, iko ne kawai da bakin tekun, kuma yana kokarin muhimmanci mashigai.

Last rout

All bazara 1847 wakilan Shugaban Kasar Mexico yunkurin shawarwari tare da gwamnatin Amurka don kawo karshen yaki. Jam'iyyun iya ba a samu cimma yarjejeniya a kan yanayi da kuma aiwatar da tattauna wani m ja a kan. A halin yanzu, Scott sojojin tsaya a Puebla, domin tattara karfin kafin karshe jerk. Mexico ya riga kusa. Agusta 20, 1847, a wani yaki a kusa da kogin Churubusco Amirkawa ci sojojin Manuelya Rinkona.

Lashe wani nasara, Scott ta sojojin kasance kamar 'yan kilomita daga babban birnin kasar na Mexico. Satumba 13, Amirkawa sun kai hari ga sansanin soja da Chapulteke. Yau wannan wuri yana dauke su Mexico City Metropolitan cibiyar, akwai kimanin miliyan 9 mazaunan. A yakin ga babban birnin kasar kashe fiye da 2,700 sojojin Amurka, 383 na wanda aka sanda.

Tattaunawar da zaman lafiya sharuddan

A watan Oktoba 1847 sojojin wanda shagaltar da Mexico, akwai riga 43 dubu mutane. A gwamnati yana shanyayye, Santa Anna tsere daga kasar. Ko da yake tsari juriya daina, ci gaba wata gaba da ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu na baki.

The shawarwari tsari dade watanni da dama. A Amurka nasara ya juya, ya kai matsayin da hukumomi da kuma al'umma. American bukatar ya zama mafi tsanani da kuma m. Wasu hotheads ko miƙa wa ci gaba da mamaye Mexico a matsayin dukan. A kan waɗannan, sentiments rasa gefe ya yi babban asasshe, kuma ya dauki dukan m bukatun.

Da yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu a kan Fabrairu 2, 1848 a Guadalupe Hidalgo. A musayar for $ 15 miliyan, Mexico ba da Amurka fiye da murabba'in kilomita miliyan na da karkararta. Waɗannan su cikin ƙasashe na zamani California, Texas, Nevada da kuma Utah. Aka sanya mafi daga Arizona da kuma New Mexico. Ya sanar jihar iyakar kogin Rio Grande. Lashe da yaki ci gaba US fadada zuwa yamma. Amurka tsiwirwirinsu samun tekun Pacific.