Toyotomi Hideyoshi: photos, biography, quotes, ayyukan

Toyotomi Hideyoshi - wani shahararren soja da kuma shugaban siyasa na na da Japan, wanda ya iya tafiya daga tsakiyar peasantry zuwa saman matsayi tsarin. Ya gyara aikinsa, sune tushen da Japan jihar na'urorin da kuma kusan canzawa a zama na shekaru 300. Toyotomi sunan da aka tana tattare a cikin asiri da Legends, shi ne ko da wasu har wata alama ce ta zamani Japan.

Haihuwa da matasa

Toyotomi Hideyoshi da aka haifi wani Fabrairu 2, 1536, ko Maris 26, 1537, wanda yayi dace da biyar ko shida a shekara Tenbun, ainihin ranar ne har yanzu ba a sani ba. Ya haifuwa ya kasance kauyen kananan Nakamura a Owari lardin. Ya aka haifa a cikin wani baƙauye iyali, kuma idan na kasance da wata al'ada yaro, sa'an nan kuma zuwa gare shi a cikin filin kafin ƙarshen ya kwana. Duk da haka, Hideyoshi ya ba mai sauki mutum, kuma ya ya iya tabbatar da shi zuwa ga kowa da kowa, ciki har da sarki. Ko da yake, watakila, ya kasance ba wani baƙauye, kamar yadda wasu kafofin ce ya samurai asalin, kuma mafi yawan "black" Layer - ashigaru infantrymen. Wannan asiri sun kasa warware ko da bayan hudu ƙarni bayan mutuwar Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

Taqaitaccen Tarihin shi ne cika da yawa facts da kuma abubuwan da suka faru a cikin soja da siyasa da rayuwa a kasar. Amma akwai yiwuwar cewa, idan mahaifinsa ya ba su mutu ba sai da wuri, Japan da kuma dukan duniya ba zai ji irin wannan sunan. The abu ne cewa, shi da uwarsa aure bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa Yaemona. Uban rana take qiyayyarsu ga matarsa ta dan, sau da yawa tashe a kan muryarsa kuma sau da yawa dukan tsiya. Wannan ya sa nan gaba m gudu daga gidan mahaifinsa. Ya tafi lardin na Suruga, inda dokoki na Imagawa kabila. T. Hideyoshi aka hayar zuwa Matsushita Naganori da wani sabon sunan Kinoshita Tokitiro. Daga wannan lokacin ya fara adult rai daga mahaifinsa gida da kuma ƙasar haihuwarmu.

Oda Nobunaga da kuma farkon girma a matsayi tsarin

1554 aka alama ta wani taro tare da Oda Nobunaga Hideyoshi. A lokaci guda ya bar Imagawa ya fara bauta wa wani sabon master. Hakika, ba ya nan da nan samurai, karo na farko da aka da mai bãyar da sandals Nobunaga.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi tsaya fita daga cikin bayin, ya kasance mai kaifin, m, kazalika ta aiki slipped injiniya takardun shaidarka. A karshe aya ta taimaka wajen canza ra'ayi wa m. Da zarar rushe masu garu mazaunin Oda. Landslides sun kasance muhimmi, amma da yake iya baƙauye Toyotomi gudanar da gyara su a cikin kamar kwana uku. A Nobunaga shi sanya zaunanniya ra'ayi, kuma ya, bi da bi, bai zama a cikin bashin wa baransa. A wani nan take, Oda sanya shi mai mulkin birnin Kiyoshi, wanda yake da matsayi na wani sansani, a Bugu da kari, ga iko na Hideyoshi harkokin kudi sun dama irin wuce. Idan muka yi la'akari da cewa Toyotomi da wani aristocratic bango, shi ne wani togiya a kowane mulki. M da wani babban matsayi a cikin al'umma, ya yi nasara a 1564, a lokacin da shi kamu da aure da 'yar mafi kusa talakansa na Nobunaga Asana Nagamasa.

Da ayyukan sojojin karkashin kulawa na Nobunaga

Oda Nobunaga ne mai tarihi wanda ya taka muhimmiyar aiwatar a Japan Association. Matsayin mai mulkin, ƙungiyar ta kasance saboda da ci daga makwabta larduna, saboda haka, tare da m internecine yaƙe-yaƙe. Muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan tsari da aka buga da Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Biography kawai crammed da soja nasarorin da yaki ga irin tadawa Oda. A 1566, da yaki da aka arko ga HALITTAR Saito. A nake toshe aka lardin Mino. Hideyoshi gudanar ya gina kawai da tabbatarwa daga fadama, ya zama wani springboard domin gabatarwa na Nobunaga ta sojojin a cikin dare daya. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da diplomasiyya basira, domin shi ne a cikin juriya na biyu Japan haihuwa ya lured wa gefen Saito m generals. Bayan haka, akwai wani sauyi a yaki, kuma bayan shekaru biyu ta ƙare tare da nasara Ode.

1568 ya muhimmanci a cikin al'amurran siyasa na Hideyoshi Toyotomi. Bayan kama Kyoto, ya aka nada daya daga cikin co-shugabanni na babban birnin kasar.

Daga upstart generals a

Shekaru biyu bayan shan Kyoto Nobunaga tattara dakaru tafiya a kan lardin Etidzen inda yake mallakar Asakura kabila. A yaƙin neman zaɓe haifa m hasarori da kuma cikakken shan kashi na sojojin Oda. Riga a lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe Nobunaga koya game da canji na daya daga cikin mafi m masõya, da wanda abokan gaba zai iya daukar sojoji a wani vise da kuma fasa. Oda tattalin gaggawa mãsu bãyar da bãya, kuma kamar yadda mai cover bar kwanto jagorancin Hideyoshi. Kowa da kowa fahimci cewa wannan shi ne wani mutuwa. Duk da haka, duk da dukan zuciyarsu Toyotomi gudanar tare dukkan hare-haren da makiya, ya dawo zuwa Kyoto, babban sojojin undefeated. Wannan mataki da aka ba kawai rufe da mãsu bãyar da bãya sojojin na m, ya ya canza ra'ayi Samurai Oda. A baya can, suka yi imani da cewa Hideyoshi ne mai sauki yakin upstart, amma yanzu shi ya fara gani a hazaka kwamandan.

A 1573 an halaka su da tseren Azai kabila, da karkararta a lardin Omagh kuma kulle Nagamaha m Toyotomi Hideyoshi aka nada. Photos of waɗannan ƙasashe ba sun tsira, amma gaskiyar cewa tsohon manomi ya a yi amfani da wani soja USAID, yayi magana kundin.

A 1576, Hideyoshi aka nada mataimakin soja janar Kazuo Shibata, to daidai da mãsu alãma daga fama sojojin Kenshin. A lokacin tattaunawa na yaƙi da dabarun da wani jayayya, a sakamakon wanda mu gwarzo tafi AWOL - bar hedkwatar. A sakamakon haka shi da wani cikakken shan kashi na sojojin na Nobunaga. Da farko, an yanke shawarar aiwatar da Toyotomi, amma ba ta taka rawar damar iya yin komai, master bari shi live, jimre kashedi.

kafara

Ayyukan Toyotomi Hideyoshi Dates daga biyu da rabi na XVI karni. Wannan shi ne kara na tsanani gwagwarmaya a cikin jihar tsakanin mutum wakilan aiki, shi ne lokacin da na incessant yaƙe-yaƙe. Kuma haka mafi kyau hanyar aikatãwa gafarar da gwamnan ya soja feat. Toyotomi ba da jira tsawon lokaci, musamman a matsayin dace damar yin haka ya ba da umurnin kanta. Ya aka nada shugaban sojojin na Nobunaga a yaki da girma irin Mori. A shekaru biyu, Hideyoshi gudanar ya rinjayi ikonsa nau'i uku - Encoders, Akamatsu da Besso. A daidai wannan lokaci da ya halicci wani tunani aya, da cibiyar da abin da yake a cikin Himeji Castle. A 1579 ya juya daga tafarkin Ukita, Mori talakansa wa gefe.

Amma na gaba shekara ba haka ba ne mai haske. A baya, akwai tashi da HALITTAR Bass. Hideyoshi iya ba tafi a kan m lokacin da raya m, saboda haka ya kawo tsaro da su kashe tawaye. Domin kai da sansanin soja na 'yan tawayen, shi ya ciyar da wani shekara a matsayin shi yiwuwa a yi kawai da jin matsananciyar yunwa. Nan da nan bayan haka, Toyotomi yawaita Tajima yankin, ya zama na Yámana. A saurã daga bawa Yámana, farga da kasawarsa da ya suzerain, fitar da shi da kuma mayar da hankali a Tottori sansanin soja ta zuwa cikin shugabanci na Mori. Amma shi bai ajiye su: a cikin 1581, Toyotomi kewaye castle, ya sayi sama da dukan kayan abinci a yankin da kuma kama ta a cikin mãsu mĩƙa wuya.

A 1582, guda kamar yadda a baya, Fortune murmushi a kan mu gwarzo Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Photo na cin nasarar yaki, ba shakka, bai zama ba, amma idan suka kama, za a buga ta asali Sahaban da kuma nan gaba. A halin yanzu, Toyotomi ya ci gaba da nasara jerin kuma invading ƙasa Beatty lardin, ya fara kewaye da sansanin soja na Takamatsu. Yana da kyau ya kasance-m da impregnable castle. The kwarin cikin abin da aka located, an kewaye da duwãtsu, kuma a kan ko dai gefen su biyu koguna. Hideyoshi sake koma ga aikin injiniya, erecting dams a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa dukan kwarin, tare da incessant ruwan sama ya juya zuwa wata babbar lake, kuma castle kanta juya ta zama kamar wani tsibirin. A 'yan makonni da wani impregnable sansanin soja da fadi.

The siyasa tadawa

A zamanin mulkin Oda Nobunaga ba za a iya kira karko da kuma wadata. Na yawan shan wahala daga m incessant yaƙe-yaƙe. Lokacin da ikonsa ya ya iya kama da 33 larduna a wanda ya yi unspeakable kisan-kiyashi. Duk wannan ya haddasa tawaye Nobunaga. A 'yan tawayen karkashin jagorancin Akechi Mitsuhide da 10-karfi da sojojin, Nobunaga aka tilasta yi seppuku.

A wannan lokaci, Toyotomi ya aiki storming castle Takamatsu, amma ji game da gangami labarai to kowa da shi bai ce a cikin wani gajeren lokaci sanya wani tsagaita wuta tare da Mori, ya tafi zuwa ga babban birnin kasar. A daidai wannan lokaci, wani na hannun daman Nobunaga - Tokugawa Ieyasu tafi Kyoto. Amma Hideyoshi doke shi, har kwana uku da kuma rufe nesa da dama da ɗari kilomita. A watan Mayu, 12 kwana a 1582, dubu arba'in sojojin runduna ci Toyotomi Mitsuhide a Yamazaki. 'yan tawaye da kansa ne aka kashe a lokacin da wani makami mai sauki manoma abinci ga dawakai.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi, wanda Quotes warwatse ko'ina cikin tsohon dũkiyarku Nobunaga, positioned da kanta a matsayin mai bin hakkin jini, abu don wani karuwa da tasiri a cikin yanayi na m iyayengiji samurai. Lokacin yankan shawara a kan mayẽwa, na ikon Toyotomi ba shi da wuyar neman goyon bayan da janar-janar. Damar matsayin gasa ta sarauta - dan Nobunaga, Nobutaka - da ya tilasta wa kashe kansa. Bayan da cewa Hideyoshi samu mafi yawan mallaki irin Ode zuwa kasancewa a regent-bada shawara ga sabon irin ubangijina Oda Sanbosi (3 years old). Jama'a damunsu da da sanya dogon lokaci-abokin Kazuo Shibata.

Sake hada kan kasar ta hanyar zubar da jini

Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1582-1598 gg.) Ashe, ba sami natsuwa bayan sanarwar ta zahiri shine magaji na Nobunaga ta ikon. A wannan lokaci, a cikin dogon lokaci abokin gaba da kuma abokan hamayyarsu Hideyoshi Shibata arko makĩda game da shi. A cikin hukunci yaki da abokan gaba da aka ci kuma tilasta koma baya zuwa ga lardin Etidzen. Mafi yawa daga cikin kawayenta Shibata ƙarshe ya zo karkashin tutar Toyotomi. Kãmun lokacin, Hideyoshi karya a cikin makiya ƙasar da kuma kewaye da sansanin soja Kitanoso. Shibata da matarsa yarda mutuwa ta seppuku, da kagara sallamãwa wassu sharudda. A sakamakon haka, duk da tsohon ƙasar sarrafawa da Nobunaga, haƙĩƙa, sun shige a cikin mallaki Hideyoshi.

A 1583 da birnin ya zama cibiyar Osaka yi: a nan fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa gina wata babbar castle. Kamar yadda aka nuna Sahaban kamar mata kagarai ba su da wani jihar da m duniya. Bisa ga Japan, wadannan sun hada da Japan, China da kuma Korea. Lokaci guda, Osaka ya zama wata babbar cibiyar kudi da kuma bayan al'amuran, amma ainihin babban birnin kasar.

Ƙaddamarwa cikin Japan

A mafi m kishiya a aiwatar da nufin hada kan kasa domin Toyotomi wani tsohon na hannun daman Nobunaga Tokugawa Ieyasu. A 1584, akwai wata kafa yaƙi tsakanin sojojinsu, wanda sun lashe wata nasara a samurai na Tokugawa. Amma da m da kuma halin iya jurewa ka ci gaba da yaki da aka a gefen Hideyoshi, Ieyasu haka suka tafi su yi shawarwari ga zaman lafiya. Toyotomi yi kadan zaman lafiya, ya bukaci a biyayya da cikakken duk ta shugabanni na Japan. Domin wannan, ya ko da ya ba da 'yar'uwa Asahi aure to Tokugawa, kuma uwarsa aika shi a matsayin garkuwa da su. A 1586 Tokugawa Kyoto kansa ya isa, kuma Ya sanya wani bai'a ga Hideyoshi.

A lokacin wadannan shekaru, Toyotomi Hideyoshi yanke shawarar hašawa zuwa dukiyarsa tsibirin Shikoku, wanda ya gudu Tesokabe Mototiki. Da farko, Hideyoshi gayyace shi zuwa kawai yarda vassalage. Amma, a matsayin sa ran, ya ƙi Tesokabe sa'an nan Hideyoshi aiko 100 dubbai sojojin, wadda suka mika wuya ga makiya.

Wannan ya biyo ta tsibirin Kyushu, da Shimazu asali sarrafawa. A 1587 Toyotomi da kaina jagoranci da ɗari biyu da dubban sojojin. Local gradopravitel bai iya tsayayya da irin wannan karfi da kuma mika wuya ga nasara.

By karshen 80s na XVI karni a Japan har yanzu mafi girma guda mallaki gidaje - Tafi-Hojo kabila. A 1590 untied bude yaki tsakanin biyu Titans. Toyotomi kewaye da babban kagara Odawara. Nan da nan bayan haka, ya yi umurni da tara a gidansa duka samurai gabashin Japan. A karshen, to shi yana kusan dukan soja da mulkin gargajiya iyayengiji gane da dogara a kan Hideyoshi. Bayan watanni uku na kewaye impregnable sansanin soja, wanda bai iya dauka wani Toyotomi Mabayyani kwamandan, fadi. Sarauta irin da 'ya'yansa maza jajirce seppuku.

A sakamakon wannan aiki a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Toyotomi Hideyoshi kwamandan da kuma siyasa ya mallaka dukan ƙasar Japan. Ya zama mafi m m, a tarihin jihar.

ciki da sake fasalin

A cikin gida harkokin Toyotomi Hideyoshi ya zama kamar yadda aiki kamar yadda a cikin soja. Bayan kammala a karni na yakin basasa a kasar shiga wani lokaci na zaman lafiya, wanda a cikin sa a yanzu-yanzu karuwa a horar da wuri - da suka tashi da kashi 70%. Duk da haka, Hideyoshi gabatar da wata babbar haraji a kan manoma - 2/3 na girbi su yi mika cikin taskar. Saboda haka, tarin shinkafa ga shekara zambar game da miliyan 3.5 tons.

Toyotomi gudanar da manufofin da janyewar dukkan makamai a cikin yanayi na talakawa mutane, kuma a cikin wannan category a lokacin sun kasance tofa kuma sickles. Duk da Japan ta yawan ta bayyana kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyin: ma'aikata, to wanda yake cikin soja aji, da kuma farar hula, 'yan ƙasa. Obscheyaponsky ƙasar cadastre aka farko halitta, kuma, a zamanin mulkin Hideyoshi da kuma tsira canzawa for kan 300 shekara.

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci lokacin a ciki ayyukan Hideyoshi - da kõrar na Kirista mishaneri. Yana da yalwa da dalilan da hukuma tattalin arziki zuwa sirri. Yuni 19, 1587 ya bayar da umarni bisa ga abin da dukan Kirista sun bar Japan tsibirin a cikin kwanaki 20, in ba haka ba su jira mutuwa. demonstrative yanke hukuncin kisa da aka za'ayi don tursasa: giciyen sha wahala 26 Kiristoci, daga cikinsu akwai Turawa.

Imperialist ra'ayoyi Toyotomi Hideyoshi

M m nasara, da imani da su Allah ya zaba mutane, Toyotomi hankali ya fara je mahaukaci, kamar yadda wasu masu bincike suna da'awar. Ya samu kansa a harem kunshi 300 ƙwaraƙwarai, ko da yaushe ya kori dubban daruruwan manoma a yi na soja fortifications, kuma mara amfani. Amma babban abu - yana da ya imperialist ideas. Toyotomi faru kama dukan m duniya. Ya fara ne da Korea. A farkon lokaci na yaki, ba shakka, ya ga Japan - sun kame kusan dukkanin birnin a yankin ruwan Koriya , kuma ya zo da kan iyakar kasar da kasar Sin. Amma sai ya juya yaƙin basasa, da arewa zo kasar Sin sojojin, Korea wanda dauke da talakansa ƙasa. A sakamakon - samurai aka tura zuwa kudu. Korea aka raba Sin da Japan zama zone. Wannan gwagwarmaya ci gaba har mutuwar Hideyoshi a 1598. Bayan wannan taron, da samurai mika wuya, ya tafi da gidajensu, inda sake bangarensu yãƙi taso, babban adadi wanda ya zama Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Saboda haka ya ce Hideyoshi

Quotes and sayings, kazalika da wani dukkan-m fir'auna Hideyoshi waqe da aka cika da zurfin falsafa ma'anar. Duk da haka, shi ne na kowa ga dukan sarakuna da m Gabas daga waɗanda sau, kuma mu gwarzo ne ba togiya.

Toyotomi a asalin iya ba zama sarki, don haka take kampaku aka sanya shi. Yana za a iya fassara a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban, amma aya ne da cewa shi ne a zahiri shine mai mulkin jihar a rated ikon da sarki. Saboda haka, a lokacin da samurai dauki bai'a, da gangare ba a yi wa sarki da kuma zuwa ga kampaku Hideyoshi. Wannan ne evidenced da babban rubutu rantsuwar, kusaci kai tsaye Toyotomi: "oda da kuma umarnin kampaku dole ne a mutunta ta duka, da kuma dole ne wassu sharudda cika."

Daya daga cikin falsafa quotes Hideyoshi ne wani lãbãri game da rayuwa: "Ni da matakai da mãsu haƙuri a cikin cimma burin, da kuma a cikin kowane sabon halin da ake ciki, duk iyãlĩna chores kuma za ta zama domin. Ina fatan, kamar yadda ko da yaushe, na duba zuwa nan gaba, na yi imani a cikin tsawon rai, kuma bãbu abin da ba daidai ba tare da ni kamata ba faru. Zan ci gaba da ji dadin duk jin daxi na rayuwa. "

Ya quotes cike suke da rai falsafa, duk da haka, ba ya tsira jawabinsa tare da gaisuwa ga jama'a gwamnati, a cikin abin da ya kasance mai karfi. Hideyoshi ya zo dogon hanya daga manomi zuwa kampaku kuma a cikin shekaru baya, kamar yadda da'awar da Sahaban, juya a cikin wani sosai m da taƙawa mutum. Abin da ya sa na karshe waka da aka rubuta riga a kan Kafin ya mutu, ya wannan falsafa ƙarshe:

I - kamar fadowa drop of raɓa,

kamar dewdrop, shi zai gaba daya bace.

Ko da castle a Osaka -

Kamar mafarki.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi - "biri" ko "Mr. Monkey," shi ne yadda ya aka kira a Japan historiography. Ba ta kasance ba, daga unseemly bayyanar. A Japan, mai kama da moniker ko da kalmar "Tokitiro" kira mutanen da suka duka da lokacin, mun kasance mãsu bas ƙwarai da hankali, wit da lamarinsa. Toyotomi Hideyoshi shi duka tabbatar, da misali daga ransa. Ya gaza saboda wani matalauci baƙauye ya zama masaraucin dukkan Japan, fatattakar abokan adawar, kuma a lokaci guda hada da jihar a karkashin tafin dalĩli.