Battle na Alta River 1068 shekaru: haddasawa da kuma sakamakon

The Battle of Kogin Alta tsakanin Rasha da shugabanninmu, da 'ya'ya maza Yaroslava Mudrogo, da kuma Polovtsian sojojin ya faru a 1068. News wannan yaƙi ba da yawa a cikin tarihi, amma halin da ake da shi ya zama daya daga cikin mafi girma a fada tsakanin Rasha-Polovtsian adawa. Wannan yaki ya kamata a gani a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani dogon yaki tsakanin matasa da kuma zamanin da Rasha jihar steppe duniya Polovtsian.

prehistory

The Battle of Kogin Alta ne sakamakon gabata arangama tsakanin Rasha sarakuna, da Polovtsy. Masana tarihi conventionally kasu kashi uku matakai na gwagwarmaya:

• 11th karni.
• a lokacin zamanin mulkin Vladimira Monomaha .
• na biyu rabin 12 - farkon na 13th karni.

A 11th karni maimakon yankin na Arewa Black Sea Pechenegs zaunar da su a sabon steppe kabilan wanda daga lokaci zuwa lokaci gudanar da wani lokaci-lokaci hare-hare a kan Rasha ƙasar. Duk da haka, ba su yi kokarin ci matasa jihar, suka iyakance ga cewa yawan jama'a na da mulkoki da sata cikin mutanen da ake kai su bautar talala. Adadin su ya kai da dama da ɗari dubu mutane, yayin da a cikin Tsohon Rasha jihar, bisa ga masana kimiyya, akwai game da biyar da rabi da mutane miliyan. Duk da haka, duk da wannan bambanci a cikin yawan mutane Cumans kasance tsanani barazana ga Rasha. A farko ambaci wadannan warlike nomadic kabilu samu a cikin Chronicle karkashin shekara 1061, a lokacin da suka kai hari Pereiaslav ƙasar inda mulki daya daga cikin matasa da 'ya'ya maza Yaroslava Mudrogo.

abubuwan da ake bukata

Battle na Alta River ƙare tare da shan kashi na Yaroslav. Dalilin wannan gazawar dole ne, a nemi a cikin tarihi da yanayi na zama na Old Rasha jihar a cikin 11th karni. Idan a lokacin gwagwarmaya da Pechenegs sarakuna aiki tare, sa'an nan a cikin kayan lokaci sojojin da aka raba, wadannan da ya faru na fragmentation.

The prince ta sojojin da aka ba wakilta, kamar yadda kafin, guda soja da karfi, da boyars kasance free to matsawa daga daya m zuwa wani, kuma kowane daga cikinsu jin cikakken master a ƙasarsa. Duk da haka, da yaƙi a Kogin Alta ya nuna yiwuwar daidaituwa na sojojin a fuskar kowa barazana. Uku Prince - Izyaslav Kievsky, Svyatoslav Chernigovsky da Vsevolod Pereyaslavl - sun shiga tare domin yaki da na kowa, maƙiyi. Duk da haka, ba dukan sarakuna amsa gaba ɗaya. Saboda haka, da suka kama da ɗan'uwansa Vseslav Polotsk, da kuma gudanar da shi a matsayin garkuwa da su a cikin babban birnin kasar.

Battle da kuma sakamakon

Battle na Alta River ya faru a cikin watan Satumba 1068. Ya jagoranci sojojin Polovtsian Khan Sharukan aka lakabi Old. A fadan ƙare tare da shan kashi na Rasha, sojoji, da shugabannin sun gudu daga bakin dāga, da kuma Cumans fara washe unguwa na Kiev, wanda ya sa rashin biyan bukata na mazauna. Shugabannin ki shirya wani sabon Maris a kan abokan gaba, sa'an nan a cikin tarzomar ta fara. Izyaslav Yaroslavich kansa suka gudu zuwa Poland wa sarki Boleslaw II, wanda ya aiko da sojojinta zuwa ceto.

Biyu Prince Svyatoslav, da karamin retinue ya fita ya taryi abokan gaba, kuma ya ya m karfi. Wannan ya faru a cikin watan Nuwamba 1068, a kusa da garin Snovsk. Da farko Novgorod Chronicle ƙaramin recension ko da rahoton cewa Khan kansa Sharukan aka kama da Rasha tawagar. Duk da haka, wannan saukarwa ba a dauke daidai har karshen, kamar yadda Tale of bygone Years, narrating game da wadannan abubuwan da suka faru, ba ya ambaci sunan da kama Khan. Ko ta wani hanya, amma Polovtsian barazana an shafe su har abada, ko da yake a cikin shekaru 70 na 11th karni da aka gudanar a kananan skirmish tsakanin su da kuma Rasha warriors. Bugu da kari, dole ne mu manta cewa Polovtsian shugabanni daga lokaci zuwa lokaci shiga tsakani a ciki wars tsakanin Rasha shugabanninmu, wani lokacin ma zama abokansu.

sakamakon

The Battle of Kogin Alta Yaroslaviches tsakanin 'yan'uwa da kuma Polovtsy sani ba kawai don yaƙi, amma kuma da tsanani siyasa sakamakon cewa shi ya ga tarihi na Old Rasha jihar.

Bayan da gazawar da sarakuna don tsara wani sabon yaƙin neman zaɓe da Polovtsy Kiev mazauna tawaye, saki Vseslava Polotskogo da ake bukata don kare birnin. A tashin yada zuwa wasu yankunan, an rufe wani yawan kauyuka, da kuma wasu daga cikinsu suna m tare da shiryar da Magi. The yawan Kiev gudanar ikon watanni bakwai. Izyaslav kõma ikon da taimakon Polish sojojin a Vseslav Polotsky gudu daga garin.

matakan da shugabannin

Battle na Alta River Polovtsy ya jagoranci wani tsanani ciki da rikicin siyasa. Bayan da boren da aka niƙa, da kuma Izyaslav zauna sake sarauta a Kiev, ya kuma 'yan'uwansa da aka buga a tarin dokoki, wanda aka kira "Gaskiya Yaroslav".

Resolution yan'uwa damu da farko da kariya daga sarkin, da mulkin gargajiya da kuma seigniorial dukiya, daga abin da daya zai iya kammala da cewa, Polovtsian mamayewa ya kai ga tsanani arangama tsakanin mafi girma da kuma ƙananan strata al'umma. Saboda haka, da yaƙi a kan kogin Alta Polovtsy ya faru a lokacin da zamantakewa sabani ya sami aggravated a Old Rasha jihar.