Aircraft Su-25: fasaha bayani dalla-dalla, girma, description. Tarihi na halitta

A Soviet da kuma Rasha jirgin sama na da yawa almara da jirgin sama, sunan ta wanda aka sani ga kowane mutum a cikin sãɓãwar launukansa digiri, sha'awar kayan aikin soji. Don damuwar, "Rook" - Su-25 hari da jirgin sama. Fasaha bayani dalla-dalla na wannan inji shi ne don haka mai kyau da cewa shi ne ba kawai ga wannan rana aka yadu a yi amfani da makamai rikice-rikice a duniya, amma kuma kullum ana kyautata.

Overview

Kamar yadda aka ambata a riga, wannan hari. Flight gudun - subsonic. Shi ne mai kyau littafin. The inji aka tsara don rufe da kai hare hare tsaro ko zaman kanta mataki a matsayin wani ɓangare na jirgin sama raka'a, za su iya buge kan taru na manpower kuma maƙiyi sulke da motocin, yawo a kowane lokaci da a kusan duk yanayin yanayi. Abin da zai iya har yanzu kai ga SU-25 description? A yi halaye na jirgin sama don haka m cewa suna iya duƙufa a dukan littafin! Duk da haka, kokarin yi a kyawawan short labarin.

A farko jirgin da za'ayi a karshen Fabrairu 1975. The inji aka yi amfani da baje tun 1981, da jiragen sama da aka hannu a dukkan rikice-rikice da makamai a yankin na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma ba kawai. A karshe episode daga cikin aikace-aikace - da yaki a 2008 Ossetia shekara. A yau mun san cewa wannan jerin hari da jirgin sama zã ta kasance a sabis na mu sojojin akalla har 2020, amma - batun da samuwan zamani gyare-gyare da kuma jihar domin ci gaba da su saki - wani lokaci da cewa a fili canja illa ma sha Allahu. A lokacin, Rasha yana da game da 200 Su-25. Fasaha halaye na inji tsaye a kan jijjiga suna da goyan bayan su m haɓakawa ga zamani hakikar.

Fage na

Around tsakiyar 60s da soja manyan al'amurra na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Amurka sun halartar babban canje-canje. A lokacin da ya bayyana cewa yau, iyalinsu yaba da ra'ayin crushing makiya ta hanyar makaman nukiliya - wani m kunar bakin wake a kan wani duniya sikelin. All zo ga ƙarshe cewa ya kamata mu mayar da hankali a kan yin amfani da makami. Kuma saboda biyu soja superpowers sake biya kusa da hankali ga ci gaban da dabara jirgin sama a matsayin babban mai daukan hankali da karfi a duk rikice-rikice na 'yan shekarun nan.

A waɗannan shekaru, Tarayyar Soviet sun m: da MiG-19, MiG-21, Su-7B, da kuma Yak-28. Wadannan inji su da kyau, amma yin aiki kai tsaye a kan fagen fama quite ba kyau. Suna da wani sosai high jirgin gudun, amma saboda jiki iya rawar daji da kuma buga kananan hari. Bugu da kari, da giciye a kan da kai hari halaye na zama cikakken rashin ajiyar: ga ƙasa hari ƙasa hari ga wadannan jirgin sama zai gabatar da wani mutum hadari wani gun. A sa'an nan da abubuwan da ake bukata ga mai SU-25 da aka sa shi. Fasaha bayani dalla-dalla na sabon inji kamata da wani abu to maimaita wadanda for almara Il-2: makamai, sirri, kananan Flying gudu da kuma makamai.

Taƙaitaccen bayani game da ci gaban

Saboda haka, sojojin da matsananciyar bukata a cikin wani na musamman da jirgin sama. Sukhoi zarar bayar da aikin T-8, wanda aka ci gaba da injiniyoyi a kansa himma. Bayan shi, a cikin shekarar 1969 da gasar ya samu halartar da Il-102, amma a nan gaba, "Grach" tagomashi sãɓã wa jũna daga kananan size, makamai, da kuma maneuverability. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa "kitchen" da ci gaba da kore haske da aka ba su, da kuma wani sabon hari da daraja ya wuce duk gwaje-gwaje. Wannan ya fi mayar saboda gaskiyar cewa zanen kaya sun yi amfani da lokacin da samar da manufa na matsakaicin survivability yãƙi abin hawa a karkashin dukkan yanayi.

Musamman mai yawa da hankali da aka biya zuwa da ikon su yi tsayayya ga alãmõmin MANPADS hari da jirgin sama, wanda a wancan lokaci ya fara bayyana en sun mayar a cikin dakarun na wani m maƙiyi. Wannan Amurka "Stingers" ya zama wani real ciwon kai na mu helikofta a Afghanistan, sabili da haka duk da matakan dauka ba m.

"Tank" zaži

Da ɗan daban halitta Su-25T. Tarihi, halaye na ta da makamai suna kai tsaye da nasaba da ci gaban da sulke da motocin na zamani. NATO ta sanya wani fare a karshe nauyi, kuma daidai da kariyar tankuna, sabili da haka ake bukata musamman "subspecies" hari da jirgin sama, wanda zai iya haifar da wani hari da ƙananan gudu, samar da mafi manufa, halakarwa.

Yarda da wannan canji da aka soma a shekara ta 1993. Ba kamar misali "Rook" ne kananan, amma su ne. A total daidaituwa tare da "iyaye" jirgin sama - 85%. Babban bambancin shi ne cikakken sighting kayan aiki da kuma hadadden anti-tanki da makamai masu linzami "guguwa". Abin baƙin ciki, auka daga cikin kungiyar tarayyar na 12 motoci gina, kawai 8 sun kasance a Rasha. Bugu da ari samar da na zamani da wadannan jiragen sama da aka yi. Abin ba in ciki, da Su-25T, yi halaye da cewa ba da damar amincewa ya buga duk Yammacin tankuna, ba tashi da kuma sa on madawwami parking a cikin Lipetsk cibiyar.

Main fasali:

Zanawa gudanar amfani da-kafa al'ada da nata irin sanyi da babban matsayi qazanta fuka-fuki. Ba kamar mayakan, saboda kai farmaki wannan shawarar samun matsakaicin mataki na maneuverability a subsonic gudu.

Na dogon lokaci masana sun yi kokawa da mafi kyau duka da nata irin sanyi da na'ura, amma kokarin bai sunk a banza: akwai high rates na daga duk wani nau'i na fama maneuvering, mãdalla da jirgin aerodynamics, m maneuverability lokacin zuwa kai farmaki ƙasa hari. Saboda da musamman aerodynamics SU-25, da fasaha halaye na wanda aka tattauna a cikin labarin, shi ne ikon tafi a kan hari a m kusassari, yayin da rike wani babban jirgin lafiya. Bugu da ƙari, cikin jirgin sama zai iya nutse a gudu zuwa 700 km / h, yayin da ciwon karkatar na 30 digiri.

Duk da wannan, kazalika da kyau kwarai kewayon reservations, ba sau daya a yarda da matukan jirgi ya koma kafa a daya kawai engine, da fuselage, ta hanyar soke shi da mangled fashe da roka da kuma harsasai MANPADS nauyi inji bindigogi.

mota tsaro

All jirgin yi Su-25 zai kudin kadan, idan ba mataki na kariya da na'ura. A mataki na wannan high. Takeoff nauyi "Rook" ne fiye da 7% aka yi sama da abubuwa na reservations da kuma sauran m tsarin. The nauyi na wannan irin ne mai ton more! All m jirgin tsarin da ake ba kawai mafi kare, amma kuma ninninkuwa. Amma babban mayar da hankali na developers Sukhoi biya masa kariya na man fetur tsarin da Matuka jirgin.

Ta dukan kwantena da aka yi da wani titanium gami ABVT-20. A kauri daga cikin makamai (a wurare daban-daban) daga 10 zuwa 24 mm. Ko windscreen glazing ne monolithic block TSK-137 a cikin 65 mm m, wanda ya samar da matukin jirgin kariya daga harsasai, ciki har da manya-manyan zamo. Kauri bronespinki matukin - 10 mm. A shugaban kare 6mm farantin. Ba bad, ba da shi? Amma dai ba duka.

A duk yankuna na matukin jirgin ne ke kare daga harbe-harben bindiga zamo zuwa 12.7 mm m, kuma a gaban tsinkaya a hana azãba daga wani barreled makami, ya zamo kamar abin da yake har zuwa 30 mm m. A takaice, Su-25, da fasaha halaye na waxanda suke a hayin yabo, iya tashi ba kawai ga kansa da kuma ga rai na matukin jirgin, wanda ya kulawa.

Game da yiwuwa na fitarwa

A gaggawa, matukin jirgin ceto amsoshi catapult wurin zama K-36L. Ana iya amfani da a duk jirgin halaye, a duk gudu da kuma meteorological yanayi. Kafin ejection gini da aka sake saita ta yin amfani da squibs. Ejection wurin zama ne da za'ayi hannu da matukin jirgi bukatar lokaci guda ja da biyu iyawa.

makamai harin jirgin sama

Hakika, Su-25 'Grach' dabara da kuma fasaha halaye na wanda aka tattauna a shafukan da wannan labarin, ba zai iya kawai zama talauci m. Yana sanye take da jirgin sama da bindigogi, a kan waje kaya za a iya sun rataye shiryar kuma unguided bama-bamai, Nursi, kazalika da shiryar da makamai masu linzami "iska-to-air." Duk da designers hada da yiwuwar wani ba kasa da 32 iri daban-daban da makamai. Babban ma'aikata - a 30-mm igwa GS-30-2.

Lura cewa duk da wannan bayanin irin Su-25K 8th samarwa jerin, wanda yanzu tsaye a sabis na Rasha Federation Air Force. Akwai sauran gyare-gyare (as Su-25T), amma wadannan inji ne don haka kananan cewa wani musamman rawar da suka taka. Amma bari mu koma zuwa ga watsuwar da halaye na "Rook".

Wasu makamai - haše-haše, an saita dangane da halaye na ayyuka a lokacin yaki da za su magance matukin jirgin da harin jirgin sama. A karkashin kowane reshe yana da biyar dakatar da maki for daban-daban na makamai. Shiryar da makamai masu linzami da ake saka a kan launchers APU-60 koyi ga wasu bama-bamai, roka, da kuma Nursi ne pylons rubuta CDD-25. Matsakaicin nauyi halaka yana nufin wanda za a iya kawo harin, shi ne 4400 kg.

Key yi halaye

Domin ya taimake ka yi zaton cẽwa ba m Su-25, da fasaha halaye na karshe mafi kyau sakamakon a wani jerin:

• Cikakken wingspan - 14,36 m.
• Total Aircraft tsawon - 15.36 m.
• Housing tsawo - 4,80 m.
• A total reshe yanki - 33,70 m.
• Komai nauyi - 9500 kg.
• A misali Take-kashe nauyi - 14600 kg.
• Matsakaicin Take-kashe nauyi - 17600 kg.
• Engine Type - 2hTRD P-195 (a kan na farko da jirgin sama - R95SH).
• Iyakar gudu a cikin tẽku - 975 km / h.
• Iyakar kewayo (tare da drop tankuna) - 1850 km.
• A radius na a kalla tsawo - 1250 km.
• A iyaka na jirgin sama da ƙasa, da fama da yanayi - 750 km.
• Flight rufi - 10 km.
• Tasiri tsawo na fama da aiki (max.) - 5 km.
• Matsakaicin obalodi a fama yanayin - 6.5 G.
• The ƙungiya - wani matukin jirgi.

Kada ka san inda jirgin Su-25, karo na farko-tabbatar da fasaha halaye na wanda muka tattauna?

Afghanistan

A watan Maris 1980, jam'iyyar inji, duk da tsananin zanga-zangar injiniyoyi ba su da lokacin da za a kawo su zuwa da ake so "yanayin", ya aka aika zuwa Afghanistan. Matukan jirgin ba su da ta dace da kwarewa na yaki a tuddai, da Airfield kanta da aka located da kyau sama da teku matakin. Saboda na farko makonni na jirgin tawagar ci gaba da inganta dabara da kuma saukar "da cututtukan yara" da jirgin sama, wanda yake shi ne musamman suna bayyana a wuya dutsen yanayi.

By na biyu da ya gabata, wani sabon m da aka hannu a Farakh lardin. Kuma nan da nan ya bayyana cewa Tarayyar Soviet ya yi kyau kwarai hari da jirgin sama. Duk da cewa injiniyoyi suna ba da shawarar a farko obalodi "Rooks" harsasai yin la'akari har zuwa hudu ton, da bukatar tashi da sauri sosai. Ba kamar da Su-17, wanda zai iya daukar wani kalla 1.5 ton na bama-bamai, sabon hari tashi zuwa sararin sama takwas nauyi pyatisotkilogrammovyh bawo cewa ba da damar for taba shãfe haske bunkers da kogwanni, wanda ya ɓoye da Mujahideen. Ko sa'an nan, da soja ya zama mabiyin nemawa da speedy tallafi na inji cikin sabis.

Da yaki da MANPADS

Ta hanyar kokarin da jama'ar {asar Amirka da kuma Sin Afghanistan da sauri bayyana zamani MANPADS. Don magance su dakatar da gidaje amfani ACO-2, a cikin abin da kowane cassette 32 akwai IR tarko. A kowane jirgin iya rataya takwas irin gidaje. Wannan damar da matukin jirgi tare da kadan hadarin zuwa yi wa tara shturmovok a kowane sortie.