A fashewa yaki a Afghanistan, da 1979-1989

A soja rikici a Afghanistan, wanda ya fara fiye da talatin da suka wuce, da kuma a yau ya rage madogara na duniya tsaro. Hegemonic ikon a cikin bin burinsu, ba kawai halakar da baya barga jihar, amma kuma al'adar dubban maimed.

Afghanistan kafin yaki

Masu lura da al'amurra, ta kwatanta yaki a Afghanistan, ya ce cewa kafin rikici shi ya sosai da baya da baya jihar, amma da wasu abubuwa ne shiru. Kafin Afghanistan rikici a mafi yawan wurare zauna mulkin gargajiya kasar, amma a cikin manyan birane kamar Kabul, Herat, Kandahar, da kuma waɗansu da yawa, yana da kyau-ɓullo da kayayyakin more rayuwa, shi kuwa yana cike da al'adu da zamantakewa da tattalin arziki cibiyoyin.

A jihar ya ci gaba da kuma cigaban. Akwai free kula da lafiya, da kuma ilimi. A kasar samar da kyau zane. Rediyo da telebijin watsa shirye-shirye waje shirye-shirye. Mutane hadu a cinema da library. A mace iya samun kansa a cikin harkokin rayuwar jama'a, ko don gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci.

Fashion boutiques, manyan kantunan, shagunan, gidajen cin abinci da kuma yalwa na al'adu ayyukan zama a birane. A fashewa yaki a Afghanistan, wadda rana a cikin tushen da aka bi daban, sa an kawo karshen wadata da zaman lafiya. A kasar ne a wani nan take zama cibiyar da hargitsi da halaka. Yau, ikon a kasar ya dauki tushen kungiyar Boko kungiyoyin da suka amfana daga gyaran tashin ko'ina.

A dalilan da fashewa yaki a Afghanistan

Don gane da gaskiya da muradi na Afghanistan rikicin, yana da daraja ƙarfafu da tarihi. A watan Yuli 1973, shi ne kifar da daular mulkinsu. Saboda ganin irin musibar dauki dan uwan na King Muhhamed Daud. Janar sanar da kifar da daular mulkinsu da kuma nada kansa shugaba na Jamhuriyar Afghanistan. A juyin juya halin da ya faru tare da taimako na jam'iyyar PDP. musayar kudi garambawul da aka sanar a cikin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa Sphere.

A gaskiya, Shugaba Daoud ba su aiwatar da sauye-sauye, amma kawai don ya hallaka maƙiyansu, ciki har da shugabannin PDPA. Da sauƙi, damunsu kwaminis da'irori kuma PDPA ya girma, aka kullum hõre danniya da kuma ta jiki da tashin hankali.

Zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, rikicin siyasa a kasar sun zama dalilin da yakin basasa, da kuma na waje baki na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Amurka ba Yunƙurin zuwa ko da mafi m zubar da jini.

Saur juyin juya halin

A halin da ake ciki shi ne kullum siga, da kuma riga 27 Afrilu 1987 The Afrilu faru (Saur) juyin juya hali, shirya soja raka'a na kasar, da PDPA da gurguzu. Zo iko sabbin shugabannin - N. M. Taraki, Amin, Babrak Karmal. Suna nan da nan ya sanar da wani mulkin gargajiya da mulkin demokra] iyya da sake fasalin. Fara zama Jamhuriyar Demokradiyar Afghanistan. Nan da nan bayan na farko da murna da nasara united kawance ya bayyana cewa akwai wani sabani tsakanin shugabannin. Amin bai samu tare da Karmal da Taraki ki a makafi ido.

Tarayyar Soviet da nasarar da mulkin demokra] iyya da juyin juya halin da aka mai real mamaki. Kremlin jira, abin da zai faru gaba, amma da yawa masu basira generals da apparatchiks na Soviets san cewa ba da nĩsa ba da farkon yakin a Afghanistan.

Members na soja rikici

A cikin wata daya bayan da na jini kifar da gwamnatin na Daud sabon siyasa dakarun mired a rikicin. Samara da kanana "Khalq" da "Parcham" kamar yadda su akida ba a samu a na kowa tsakanin su. A watan Agusta 1978, akwai cikakken kau na "Parcham" daga ikon. Karmal tare da kamar shiryayye tafiya kasashen waje.

Wani setback sabuwar gwamnati - 'yan adawa rike da birki da sake fasalin. Islama sojojin suna da ha a cikin jam'iyyar da kuma motsi. A cikin watan Yuni, a lardunan Badakhshan, Bamyan, kunar, Paktia da Nangarhar fara m ayyuka da neman sauyi gwamnati. Ko da yake official kwanan wata na amfani da makamai rikici masana tarihi kira shekarar 1979, sojoji suka fara yawa a baya. Shekara na farkon yakin a Afghanistan - 1978. A yakin basasa ya zama mai kara kuzari da cewa tura kasar zuwa kasashen waje baki. Kowace daga megaderzhav biyã da kansa geopolitical amfane shi.

Islamists kuma su nufi

Back a farkon 70s a Afghanistan kafa kungiyar "matasan Musulmi." The mambobi na wannan al'umma sun kusa Musulunci tsatstsauran ra'ayi na Arab "Muslim Brotherhood", su hanyoyin da gwagwarmayar ikon, har zuwa siyasa tsõro. A primacy na Musulunci hadisai jihadi da kuma danniya irin sake fasalin da suke saba wa Alkur'ani - shi ne ainihin arzikin wadannan kungiyoyi.

A shekarar 1975, da "Musulmi Matasa" zai gushe. Yana da aka tunawa da sauran masu tsatstsauran ra'ayi - Musulunci Party of Afghanistan (IPA) da kuma Jamiat-e Islami (IOA). Majalissar kan wadannan Kwayoyin G. Hekmatyar kuma Rabbani. Wakilan na kungiyar karatu gudanar da ayyukan soji a kasar Pakistan da kuma ta dauki nauyin da kasashen waje. Bayan da Afrilu juyin juya halin adawa united al'umma. The juyin mulki a kasar ya zama wani irin siginar for soja mataki.

Harkokin waje goyon baya ga radicals

Ba za ka iya rasa wurin da cewa da farkon yakin a Afghanistan, da kwanan wata a wadda zamani kafofin -. A shekaru 1979-1989, shi ne mafi shirya waje ikon halartar NATO da kuma wasu kasashen musulunci. Idan kafin American siyasa Elite ya hana wani hannu a cikin samuwar da kuma kudade na matsanancin ra'ayi, sabon karni ya kawo wannan labarin sosai m facts. Tsohon CIA jami'an sun bar mai yawa memoirs, wanda ya fallasa manufofin nasu gwamnati.

Ko kafin Soviet mamayewa na Afghanistan, da CIA a] en da Mujahideen, zaunar a gare su horo da kwasfansu a kasashen Pakistan da kuma kawota da makamai na Islamists. A shekarar 1985, shugaban kasar Reagan da kaina Mujahideen tawaga zuwa fadar White House. A mafi muhimmanci taimako na Amurka a Afghanistan rikici ya fara jawo ra'ayinsu maza a cikin Larabawa duniya.

Yau, akwai bayanai da cewa yaki a Afghanistan da aka shirya ta CIA a matsayin tarko domin Tarayyar Soviet. Kama da shi, da kungiyar tarayyar zai gani da kasawarsa na manufofin, magudana albarkatun da kuma "rushewar". Kamar yadda ka gani, abin da ya faru. A shekarar 1979, fashewa yaki a Afghanistan, a maimakon haka, sa wata iyaka contingent na Soviet Army, da ta zama babu makawa.

A Tarayyar Soviet da kuma goyon bayan da PDPA

Akwai ra'ayoyin cewa Afrilu juyin juya halin Tarayyar Soviet da aka shirya domin shekaru da dama. Na jagoranci wannan aiki da kaina Andropov. Taraki ya wakili na Kremlin. Nan da nan bayan juyin mulkin da ya fara wani m fraternal taimako na Soviets a Afghanistan. Sauran kafofin utverzhadyut cewa Saurskaya juyin juya halin da aka cikakken mamaki da Soviets, ko m.

Bayan nasara juyin juya halin a Afghanistan Soviet gwamnati ta fara more hankali saka idanu da aukuwa a kasar. A sabon tsarin jagoranci a fuskar Taraki nuna biyayya ga abokai na Tarayyar Soviet. KGB m kullum sanar "shugaban" na rashin zaman lafiya a kasashen yankin, amma aka yanke shawarar zuwa jira. A fashewa yaki a Afghanistan, da Tarayyar Soviet kama amince, da Kremlin na sane gayyar adawa States, ba yankin ba ya so ya, amma da zarar Soviet-American rikicin shi ne Kremlin to wani abu. Kuma duk da haka tsaya da Tarayyar Soviet ba za, bayan duk, Afghanistan - a kasa-makwabcin.

A watan Satumba na shekarar 1979, Amin kashe Taraki da kuma shelar da kansa shugaban kasa. Wasu kafofin nuna cewa karshe sabani da tsohon abõkan tarayya ne saboda shugaba Taraki bane ya tambaye Tarayyar Soviet don soja contingent shiga. Amin da magoya bayansa suka da shi.

A Soviet mamayewa

Soviet kafofin da'awar cewa gwamnatin asar Afghanistan, ya aka aiko game da 20 buƙatun da bukatar tura dakaru. Facts ce kishiyar - Shugaba Amin aka yi tsayayya ga shigar Rasha contingent. Mazaunin a Kabul ya aiko da bayanai a kan US ƙoƙarin zana Tarayyar Soviet a cikin wani yanki rikici. Ko sa'an nan, da Soviet jagorancin san cewa Taraki da PDPA - mazauna Amirka. Amin shi ne kawai kasa a cikin wannan kamfanin, duk da haka tare da Taraki, ba su raba da $ 40 miliyan biya ta CIA ga Afrilu juyin mulki, shi ne babban dalilin da ya mutu.

Andropov da Gromyko ba ya so ya ji wani abu. A farkon watan Disamba a birnin Kabul, ya tashi Paputin KGB janar tare da aiki a lallashe Amin karfafa dakarun na Tarayyar Soviet. Sabon shugaban da aka m. Sa'an nan a Disamba 22, da ya faru ya faru a birnin Kabul. Amfani da makamai da "nationalists" karya a cikin gida, inda 'yan ƙasa da Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma yanke shugabannin da dama dozin mutane rayu. Sa su a māsu, m "Islamists" sun kwashe su ta hanyar da babban titunan Kabul. A 'yan sanda suka zo a kan scene da kuma bude wuta, amma mãsu laifi tsere. Disamba 23, da Soviet gwamnatin ya aika ga gwamnatin Afghanistan ta sakon, wanda ya sa shugaban kasar shahararsa, cewa Soviet sojojin zai kasance a Afghanistan, don kare 'yan ƙasa. Duk da yake Amin aka duba yiwuwar yadda za a dissuade da sojojin "abokai" na mamayewa, da suka yi komai a fili a kan daya daga cikin filayen jiragen saman kasar a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba. Kwanan wata na commencement na yaki a Afghanistan - da shekaru 1979-1989. - bude daya daga cikin mafi ban tausayi shafukan a cikin tarihi na Tarayyar Soviet.

Operation "Storm"

Part na 105 st Airborne Division of gadi komai a fili kilomita 50 daga birnin Kabul, kuma musamman naúrar na KGB "Delta" kewaye fadar shugaban kasa a ranar 27 ga watan Disamba. A sakamakon kama Amin da masu kare lafiyarsa aka kashe. Duniya al'umma, "gasped," kuma duk puppeteers wannan ra'ayin shafa hannunsa. Tarayyar Soviet da aka kamu. Soviet paratroopers kwashe dukan kayayyakin babban wuraren dake a manyan birane. Fiye da shekaru 10 a Afghanistan, suka yi yaƙi da fiye da 600 da dubu. Soviet sojojin. Shekara na farkon yakin a Afghanistan shi ne farkon da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet.

A dare, Disamba 27th daga Moscow ya isa Babrak Karmal da rediyo sanar da mataki na biyu na juyin juya halin. Saboda haka, farkon yakin a Afghanistan - 1979.

Events 1979-1985 biennium.

Bayan nasara aiki "Storm", Soviet sojojin kãma dukan manyan masana'antu cibiyoyin. Manufar da aka karfafa da Kremlin ta kwaminisanci tsarin mulki a kasar Afghanistan, da kuma tura dushmans, wanda sarrafawa da karkara.

Constant arangama tsakanin masu kishin Islama da kuma troopers ya kai ga da yawa wadanda daga farar hula, yawan, amma mountainous ƙasa gaba daya disoriented sojoji. A watan Afrilu 1980, shi da aka gudanar ta farko manyan-sikelin aiki a cikin Panjshir. A watan Yuni na wannan shekara da Kremlin Ya yi umurni da janye wasu daga cikin tanki da kuma makami mai linzami sassa na Afghanistan. A watan Agusta na wannan shekara ya mai gwagwarmaya a Mashhadskom gefen kwarin. SA sojojin sun kwanton bauna, suka kashe 48 da sojoji da kuma 49 - suka samu rauni. A shekarar 1982, na biyar yunkurin da Tarayyar Soviet sojojin gudanar ya dauki Panjshir.

A lokacin farko da shekaru biyar na yaki halin da ake ciki ya ɓullo a cikin taguwar ruwa. SA gudanar high, sa'an nan ya fadi a cikin 'yan kwanto. Islamists cikakken yadda ake gudanar ba a yi, suka kai farmaki da abinci ginshikan da sassa sojojin. CA kokarin tura su daga cikin manyan birane.

A wannan lokacin akwai lokatan da dama tarurruka da shugaban kasar Pakistan Andropov da kuma Amurka. Wakilin Tarayyar Soviet ce cewa Kremlin da aka shirya domin a siyasa yarjejeniya da rikici a sama domin Amurka da Pakistan tabbatar ƙarshe na] a] e da 'yan adawa.

1985-1989 gg.

A shekarar 1985, na farko sakataren Tarayyar Soviet Mikhail Gorbachev ya zama. Ya aka ƙaddara na gaskiya, ya so ya gyara tsarin, saita fitar da manufar "perestroika". The yawan fada a Afghanistan ya hana aiwatar da daidaita dangantakar da Amurka da Turai. Active ayyukan soji da aka ba za'ayi, amma har yanzu a kan Afghanistan ƙasa ya consistently kashe Soviet sojojin. A shekarar 1986, Gorbachev ya sanar da manufofin da phased janye dakarunta daga Afghanistan. A wannan shekara, B. Karmal aka maye gurbinsu M. Najibullah. A shekarar 1986 ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa yaƙin ga jagorancin da SA Afghanistan mutane rasa yadda ya dauki iko da dukkan yankin na CA iya ba Afghanistan. Janairu 23-26 Soviet sojojin da aka gudanar ta karshe aiki "Typhoon" a Afghanistan a Kunduz lardin. Fabrairu 15, 1989 janye dukkan sojojin na Soviet Army.

A dauki na manyan kasashen duniya

Duk cikin al'ummar duniya bayan da kafofin watsa labarai sanarwa na kama daga fadar shugaban kasa a Afghanistan da kuma kisan Amin a Jihar buga. Tarayyar Soviet nan da nan ya fara da za a kyan gani, kamar yadda a total da kuma mugunta tsokana kasar. A farkon yakin a Afghanistan (1979-1989 gg.) Domin da Turai iko ya sigina na farkon da kadaici na Kremlin. Shugaban kasar Faransa da kuma Jamus Chancellor kaina, na sadu da Brezhnev da kuma kokarin lallashe shi ya janye dakarun, Leonid Ilyich ya m.

A watan Afrilu 1980, gwamnatin {asar Amirka ya izini da taimako ga dakarun 'yan adawa a Afghanistan a cikin adadin $ 15 miliyan.

United States da kasashen Turai da ake kira a kan al'ummar kasa da kasa su yi watsi da wasannin Olympics-80, da aka gudanar a birnin Moscow, amma saboda da gaban Asiya da kasashen Afirka, wannan wasa taron da aka har yanzu a gudanar.

"Carter Rukunai" da aka hada a wannan lokaci na tataccen dangantakar. Uku kasashen duniya sun yi Allah wadai da aikin da rinjaye zaben na Tarayyar Soviet. Fabrairu 15, 1989 Soviet gwamnati, karkashin yarjejeniyar da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kasa ta janye dakarunta daga Afghanistan.

A sakamakon rikicin

A farkon da kuma karshen yaki a Afghanistan ne matukar, domin Afghanistan - ne madawwami Hive, ya ce na} asar ta karshe sarki. A shekarar 1989, da iyakance contingent na Soviet sojojin "ma'ana" tsallaka kan iyaka zuwa cikin Afghanistan - kamar yadda aka ruwaito su m management. A gaskiya, a Afghanistan sun dubban fursunonin yaki da sojoji CA manta kamfanin da iyaka masu gadi, ya rufe ritaya na sosai 40th Army.

Afghanistan bayan shekaru goma na yaki da aka shiga cikin cikakkar hargitsi. Dubban 'yan gudun hijira gudu waje na kasar tserewa yaki.

Ko a yau shi ya zauna ba a sani ba ainihin adadin matattu Afghanistan. Masu bincike bayyana wani adadi na miliyan 2.5 matattu da kuma jikkata, mafi yawa - fararen hula.

SA shekara goma na yaki, ya rasa game da 26 dubu sojoji. The yaki a Afghanistan, da Tarayyar Soviet rasa, ko da yake wasu masana tarihi da'awar in ba haka ba.

A tattalin arziki halin kaka na Tarayyar Soviet a dangane da Afghanistan yaki sun catastrophic. Don goyi bayan Kabul gwamnati a shekara kasaftawa $ 800 da miliyan, da sojoji - $ 3 billion.

A farkon yakin a Afghanistan ãƙibar Tarayyar Soviet, daya daga cikin duniya ta manyan ikokin.