The hali na Tsarevich Alexei. Alexei Petrovich Romanov: hakan da kursiyin

Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich Romanov aka haife kan Fabrairu 18, 1690 a Transfiguration. 23,02 aka yi masa baftisma. Ya kasance magajin zuwa Rasha kursiyin kuma ɗan fari na Bitrus, mai girma. Mahaifiyarsa kuwa ta kasance ta farko da matar na monarch Evdokia Lopuchin.

Alexei Petrovich: a takaice biography

A farkon shekaru na rayuwa a kula da Natali Kirillovny - kakata. A shekaru 6 na Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich Romanov ya fara koyon karatu da rubutu a cikin sauki da kuma m Nikifor Vyazemsky. A 1698, Evdokia Lopuchin aka kurkuku a wani sufi. Daga wannan lokaci da ake tsare da dansa Bitrus ya Natalia Alekseevna (inna). Yaron da aka dauka da fādar Transfiguration.

A 1699, Bitrus, tunawa, ɗansa, ya yanke shawarar aika shi zuwa Dresden karãtun su, tare da gene. Karlovic. Duk da haka, da karshen mutu. Zama mai jagoranci maimakon Janar gayyace Neugebauer Saxon da University of Leipzig. Duk da haka, su ɗaure sarkin sabon malami bai yi aiki ba, saboda haka cewa a 1702 ya rasa matsayinsa. Ilimi yaron ya fara tafiyar Baron Gyuyssena. N. Vyazemsky a 1708 ya ruwaito zuwa ga Tsar Alexei tsunduma a Faransa da kuma Jamus, ya karanta labarin, rubuta wani atalas nazarin affixes da kuma karkatar.

Har 1709 da yaron yake zaune daga mahaifinsa a Transfiguration. Sa a fadar da mutane suna fi mayar rinjayi hali na Tsarevich Alexei. A cewar shi, suka sanar da shi don tafiya akai-akai to cherntsam da firistoci, podpivat tare da su, "bigots".

rikice-rikice

Bitrus da kuma Alexei Petrovich da wani daban-daban ra'ayinmu game da rayuwa da kuma harkar shugabanci. Monarch bukaci magaji matching sunayen, amma karshen da aka ba da ilimi. A lokacin da gabatarwa da m Swedes Bitrus ya umurci dansa to bi horo na recruits da kuma aiwatar da gina garun a Moscow. Amma sakamakon kokarin da magaji uban ya musamman m. Musamman fusatar da bayanai da cewa a lokacin da ayyukan Alexei Petrovich tafi zuwa ga uwarsa a Suzdal sufi.

A 1709, tare da Golovkin da Trubetskoy matasa da aka aika zuwa Dresden don nazarin harsuna, "harkokin siyasa", kuma USAID. Bayan kammala na Alexei Petrovich ya auku da jarrabawa a gaban mahaifinsa. Amma yaron, tsoron cewa monarch zai yi wuya yin zane, kokarin harba kanka a hannunka. A fushi mahaifin doke shi da kuma hana shi zuwa ya bayyana a kotu. Amma daga baya dauke da ban.

aure

A 1707 Gyuyssena yayi mata Prince - Princess Charlotte na Lüneburg. A cikin bazara na 1710 da suka gan. A shekara daga baya, a farkon watan Afrilu, shi sanya hannu a kwangila na aure. Oktoba 14, 1711 a Torgau m bikin aure ya faru. A aure, yana da 'ya mace, Natalia da kuma dan Bitrus. Bayan haihuwar karshe Charlotte mutu. Tsarevich Alexei Romanov ya zaɓi wani farka Euphrosyne na serfs Vyazemsky. Tare da shi, ya baya tafiya zuwa Turai.

Bitrus da Alexei Petrovich Yanã adawa +

A duk cikin lokuta, wanda gudanar a jihar, da monarch sa halayyar makamashi da kuma lokacinta. Duk da haka, da gyara ayyukan Peter taso da jimami tsakanin sassa da daman na yawan jama'a. A kan sake fasalin sun maharba, manya da limaman. Daga baya suka shiga da kuma Tsarevich Alexei, ɗan Bitrus. A cewar Bestuzhev-Ryumin, saurayin ya aka azabtar da mahaifinsa rashin fahimta da dokar da kuma bukatun da halinsa, ga wanda dukan mai haƙuri aiki ya dan hanya. Masana tarihi yi imani da cewa juyayi wanda ya nuna Alex zuwa mabiya tsufa, aka ciyar da ba kawai ya m buri, amma kuma horar da kuma kiyaye da kewaye. Har ya zama dole don magance matsalar gado, zai zo da wani jayayya.

Peter shan azaba da tunani cewa dansa zai hallaka dukan abin da aka halitta. Shi da kansa ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga dokokin sake fasalin dokokin da tsohon tsarin, da samuwar sabuwar jiha. Matsayin wanda zai gaje shi, ba su gan gade na aiki. Bitrus da Tsarevich Alexei ya bambamcin a raga, halaye, burinsu, dabi'u, da muradi. A halin da ake ciki da aka aggravated da rabo daga al'umma a cikin magoya bayan da kuma abokan adawar na garambawul. Kowane jam'iyyar da gudummawar da ci gaban da rikici, kawo ta mai ban tausayi ƙarshe.

Ra'ayi M. P. Pogodina

A binciken da rikici na Bitrus, da dansa tsunduma a wani yawa na masana tarihi da masu bincike. Daya daga cikinsu shi Pogodin. Ya yi imani da cewa Alexei kanta ne ba a duk slobs da mediocrity. A cikin littafinsa, ya rubuta cewa saurayi ya sosai m. A cikin kashe kudi hanya littafin prince nuna jawabin a kan waje wallafe-wallafe. A dukan biranen inda ya zauna, ya samu wani babba adadin littafin, wanda aka ba kawai a ruhaniya ciki. Daga cikin su sun kasance cikin tarihi da littattafansa, hotuna, maps. Alex duba yawon shakatawa. Pogodin ma take kaiwa Gyuyssena kalmomi, wanda ya bayyana cewa saurayi da yake da kishi, ya kange ta Prudence, kowa hankali, kazalika da babban marmarin Excel da kuma samun duk da cewa dauke zama dole ga wani magaji zuwa babban gwamnati. Alex ya mai shiru, ba mai yarda da hali, ya nuna wani marmarin yin up for su himma duk da cewa an rasa a ilimi.

jirgin

Haihuwar dansa da kuma mutuwar matarsa Alexey ya zo daidai da zuwan da yaro na Bitrus, da matarsa Catherine, wanda aka ma mai suna Bitrus. Wannan taron ya girgiza matsayin da samari, kamar yadda a yanzu shi ne ba na musamman sha'awa wa ubansa ko da matsayin tilasta magaji. A ranar jana'izar Sharlotty Petr ya Alexis wata wasika. A da shi, ya azabtar da magaji ga rashin propensity zuwa jihar harkokin, ya roƙe shi ya kyautatãwa, ko nakasa shi da hakkokinsa.

A 1716 Alex koma Poland, a hukumance ga ziyarci Bitrus, wanda zauna a wancan lokacin, a Copenhagen. Duk da haka, ya gudanar daga Gdansk zuwa Vienna. Ga shi nan a da tattaunawa da Turai wadanada, cikinsu da wani dangi na marigayin matar Austria Sarkin sarakuna Karl. Austrians asirce kaisu dan Bitrus a Naples. A cikin ƙasa na Roman Empire, ya shirya zai jira har sai da mutuwar mahaifinsa, a lokacin nauyi bolevshego. Sa'an nan kuma, tare da taimakon da Austrians, ya kamata su zama Alexei Rasha Tsar. Su, bi da bi, za a yi amfani a matsayin yar tsana gade a cikin baki da Rasha Empire. Daga bisani, duk da haka, Austrians watsi da su da tsare-tsaren, la'akari da su ma m.

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A 'yan makonni bayan da mafaka da aka gano magaji hali na Tsarevich Alexei. Mun fara binciken. Rasha mazaunin a Vienna Veselovsky aka aiko wani domin daukar matakan kafa da wurin zama ɗan gudun hijira. Quite lokaci mai tsawo neman bai ba da sakamakon. Wannan ya yiwuwa saboda, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, da cewa Veselovsky ya a daya tare da Kikin da suka taimake Alexei a cikin nufi.

A sakamakon haka, Rasha m ya iya waƙa da sauko da magaji. A madadin da Sarkin sarakuna da aka aiko wani request ga extradition gudun hijira. A Afrilu 1717 Charles VI Veselovsky mika wata wasika daga Bitrus. Yana tambayi sarki ba shi da wani ɗan gudun hijira magaji zuwa "uba gyara."

Koma zuwa Rasha

Alex ya yanke ƙauna kuma roƙe ba to extradite shi da Bitrus. A halin yanzu, Tolstoy da Rumyantsev aka aiko bayan shi. Sun yi wa'adi ga samun sarki izni ga aure to Euphrosyne kuma m tsaya a cikin kauyen. Tolstoy da Rumyantsev sanya ba zai yiwu ba.

A cikin watanni biyu, sun gudanar da wani m aiki ta amfani da duk zai yiwu siffofin matsa lamba. Bugu da kari ya gana da yarima, kuma wa'adin gãfara daga mahaifinsa, suka bribed kowa da kowa zuwa ga Halĩfa na Naples, tsoratar da Alexis, lalle zai iya kashe idan ya ba ta dawo, baka tsoro da ya farka kuma shawo ta yi wani tasiri a kan shi. Su karshe fyauce da tsoron Austria hukumomi, barazana da wani soja mamayewa. The Roman sarki a farko ƙi extradite gudun hijira. Duk da haka, Tolstoy da aka bai yi izni ga ziyarci yarima. The wasika, wanda ya mika wa waliyyinsa mahaifinsa, ba zai iya shawo masa ya koma. Tolstoy burge daya Austria na aikin da ce Alexei "m" da cewa wannan tambaya na da extradition an riga an warware. Wannan gamsu magaji cewa ba dole ba ne dogara a kan taimakon da Austria. Sa'an nan Alex ya juya zuwa ga Swedes. Duk da haka, da mayar da martani daga gwamnatin ta shiri ya samar da shi da rundunar marigayi. Kafin shi aka samu, Tolstoy gudanar don shawo Alexei komawa gida. Magaji mãsu sallamãwa.

A sakamakon haka, a farkon Oktoba 1717 Prince Bitrus ya rubuta game da shirya komawa zuwa Rasha, fatan gafara. A karshe tashar, Austria ta kãma su wakilin Karl zuwa ƙarshe sa cewa yanke shawarar magajin yarda da yardarsa. Tolstoy da aka musamman m tare da wannan da kuma aikata da Manzo wajen sanyi. Alex, bi da bi, ya tabbatar da son rai nufi.

Bayani daga cikin yanayi na gudun hijira

A Fabrairu 3, magajin zuwa Rasha monarch alamu a dauke sharadi daga kursiyin. A daidai wannan lokaci da ya sami gafarar mahaifinsa a kan daya yanayin. Yana kunshi a cikin takalifi don en mai hijira ya raka. Yana fara gudanar da bincike a game da Tsarevich Alexei. Bayan da abdication, bayar da cewa tsohon magajin kiran sunayen duk sympathizers da kuma taimaka, ya za a yarda su zauna a kan su kadarori da kuma kula da tsare sirri. Bayan wani zance da mahaifinsa da aka kama fara. A 1871 aka rubuta zanen "Bitrus 1 interrogates Tsarevich Alexei," da artist Nikolai Ge. An kunshe a cikin tarin da Tretyakov Gallery. A fiye da 130 mutane da aka kama a lokacin gudanar da bincike.

Jama'a rayayye tattauna batun Tsarevich Alexei. Shekara 1718 shi ne farkon abin da ake kira "kikinskogo gudanar da bincike." Kikin shi ne babban zargi. A lokaci guda ya kasance mai fi so Bitrus. A 1713-1716 gg. ya, a gaskiya, suka kafa wata kungiya a kusa da monarch gãji. Lokaci guda search fara a Moscow game da Evdokia Lopukhina. An yi imani da cewa, ya zama wani ɓangare na "kikinskih events" cewa ya yi har da hali na Tsarevich Alexei. Takardu alaka da search for Suzdal, duk da haka, kā da wannan ra'ayi. Kamar yadda kafofin, taron Lopukhina da magaji gudanar kawai sau daya - a 1708-m. Wannan taron ya kai ga unconcealed fushi Bitrus. Lopuchin daga baya kokarin shirya wani zance da dansa ta hanyar ɗan'uwansa. Duk da haka, magajin ya mugun firgita uba. A haruffa zuwa Yakovu Ignatevu (confessor) Alesya ba kawai dakatar duk lamba tare da mahaifiyarsa, amma ba zai yale shi ya ziyarci abokai da dangi a Suzdal da kewayensa.

jumla

The hali na Tsarevich Alexei ƙare sosai takaici. A lokaci guda barranta magaji yi zato ba irin wannan sakamako. Kafin yanke da monarch tambayi councilors ra'ayi. A mahukunta kansu sun gudanar da wani binciken tsakanin wakilan daban-daban na zamantakewa azuzuwan da kuma kungiyoyin.

Limaman, idan akai la'akari da yanayin da Tsarevich Alexei, ya jagoranci quotes Tsohon Alkawari, bisa ga abin, su ladabtar kangararrun gaje shi. A lokaci guda, duk da haka, da suka tuna da Almasihu ya yi magana da gãfara. Peter aka kira su zuwa zabi - hukunta ko gafara.

Amma ga fararen hula, da suka duka da kansa daga juna jabu da kuma hada baki ayyana kisa.

A jumla aka sanya hannu da mutane 127. Daga cikin su shi ne na farko Menshikov, sa'an nan Apraksin, Golovkin, Yakov Dolgoruky da sauransu. Shahararren kusa da kotu aka ba kawai a sa hannu Sheremetiev. Ra'ayi game da dalilan da ta rashin sãɓã wa jũna. Saboda haka, Shcherbatov jãyayya da cewa Sheremet'ev sanar da cewa ya ba a cikin iyawa yi hukunci a kan magaji. A cewar Golikova, Field Marshal a lokacin ba shi da lafiya ya zauna a Moscow, don haka shiga cikin hukunci iya ba.

mutuwa

The hali na Tsarevich Alexei aka rufe Yuni 26, 1718 The official version na mutuwa na magajin barranta faru saboda tura. A ji da hukunci, Alex ya fadi a cikin unconsciousness. Wani lokaci daga baya, ya partially regained, ya fara neman gafara daga kowa da kowa. Duk da haka, makõma take da tsohon jihar ya gaza kuma ya mutu.

A cikin XIX karni, takardun da aka samu, daidai da abin da, a gabãnin mutuwarsa Alexei azabtarwa. I ya gabatar da ka'idar cewa sun kashe. Peter, bi da bi, bayar da wata sanarwa, inda ya nuna cewa, ɗansa, ya kasa kunne ga hukunci, kuma ya razana. Bayan wani lokaci ya tambayi mahaifinsa da kuma nemi afuwar da shi. Alex ya mutu a wani Kirista hanya, cikakken tuba da ayyukansu ba. Akwai shaida da cewa da Allah wadai da aka kashe a kan umarni na mahaifinsa. Duk da haka, wadannan bayanan ne sosai sabanin. Wasu kafofin dauke da bayanai da cewa Bitrus kansa wai halarci azabtarwa Aleksei.

By sauran shaida a kai tsaye rawa a cikin mutuwa da magaji syglal Menshikov da amintacce mutum. Wasu records ce cewa kafin ainihin shigewar Alexei sũ, sun kasance a gare shi. A cewar wasu rahotanni da yaron da aka guba. Akwai kuma bayanin da Alexei da aka fama da tarin fuka. Wasu masana tarihi yi imani da cewa mutuwa ne saboda m da kuma saboda wani gefen sakamako na magani.

Rabu da magaji aka binne shi a Bitrus da Bulus Cathedral a gaban mahaifinsa. Bayan da akwatin gawa tafiya da monarch da kansa, bayan da shi - Menshikov, sanatocin da sauran manyan.

ban sha'awa gaskiyar

Case prince aka sa a cikin wani m jihar Archives. A shekara ta gudanar da jarrabawa na like. A 1812, takardar sa a wani musamman kirji, amma ya aka ci, kuma da takardu ana warwatse a lokacin da mamayewa na Napoleon. Daga bisani, an sake taru da aka bayyana. A halin yanzu, takardun ne a fili akwai.

A cewar masana tarihi

A rare faru a tarihi dauke dynastic kisan kai. Saboda haka, yana da yaushe wani musamman sha'awa a cikin yara, da masu bincike. Rasha tarihi sani biyu irin haka. A farko ya faru a zamanin mulkin Ivana Groznogo, na biyu - a zamanin mulkin Peter Mai girma. Daban-daban mawallafa da kuma masu bincike sun bincikar wadannan aukuwa. Alal misali, a cikin littafinsa, Jarosch bincika da kowa da kuma rarrabe fasali na mamaki. A takaice, ya kusantar da hankali ga bambanci tsakanin dangantakar mutum na da ubanninsu zuwa ga mutuwa na ɗiyansu.

Kamar yadda kafofin na Grozny kashe bazata. Daga bisani, mahaifinsa mai zafi nadãma abin da ya aikata, kuka, ya roƙe likitoci su koma dansa zaune. Munin kira kansa mai kisankai ne, bai dāce m. Ya ce cewa ta Dan Allah rashi azabtar da shi domin zunuban a baya, ya yi ĩmãni cewa ya bar don zuwa sufi ne a yanzu da kuma inda suka istingifari. A ƙarshe, ya ko da ya tafi zuwa Palestine 'yan dubu.

Bitrus, a daya hannun, yayi kokawa da dansa na dogon lokaci, to tafiyad 'yan watanni shari'arsa. Jarosch ce cewa ta hanyar sa shi ya yi fushi a kan magaji lokacin da yake rayuwa, ya taba gafarta masa bayan mutuwa.

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Lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, abubuwan da suka faru wadanda shekaru sa mai fadi da rawa a cikin al'umma. Mafi yawa daga cikin masu bincike sunyi baki daya a cikin ra'ayi da cewa mutuwa na Tsarevich ajiye kasar daga dawo zuwa pre-Petrine zamanin. Duk da haka, akwai mummunan sakamakon abubuwan da suka faru. Bayan mutuwar danta Bitrus a 1722 canza tsari na da canja wurin da ikon a jihar. A gaskiya ma, ya halakar da su da wannan cibiyoyin. Bisa ga masu bincike, wannan shi ne abin da ya zama tushen ga fadar juyin mulki ne. A nan gaba, kuma mafi yawan Yunƙurin zuwa ikon wani monarch wuce ta gwagwarmaya. Klyuchevskii rubuta cewa sabon dokar Peter sãka wa daular da kursiyin da aka bai wa nufin al'amarin.

Idan muka magana game da na kowa mutane, sa'an nan a lokacin da rayuwar da rightful magaji zuwa mutanen aika da juri lists. Su yi rantsuwa amincewa da sabon gwamna. Duk da haka, ba duk hanyoyin tafi smoothly. Resistance da mafi yawa magoya bayan tsohon tsari. Su ba a gane dethroned Alexis. Akwai shaida da cewa wani sarki a cikin coci a ranar Lahadi wani mutum ya zo tare da takarda. A da shi, ya ƙi rantsuwa amincewa da sabon magaji, ko da yake ya fahimci cewa monarch zai sa fushi. Peter umurce su da su dakatar da shi a kan wuta sannu a hankali dymivshimsya juye.

ƙarshe

A lokacin da wani exacerbation na rikici tsakanin Bitrus da Alekseem Tsarevich so ya je wani sufi, da yardar murabus a matsayin wani wajibai. Duk da haka, kamar yadda evidenced da kafofin, uban bai ba da amsa. Dole ne in ce cewa da yawa masana tarihi sun yarda da cewa tushen da rikici sa a Peter izuwa magance tare da danta daga farkon. Ya sosai m game da harkokin jama'a, da sake fasalin, tafiya, horo. ɗansa ba shi da na dogon lokaci a ƙarƙashin rinjayar abokan adawar na sabon tsarin mulki.

A daya hannun, a cewar wasu mawallafa, shi zai zama wani cancanci gaje shi. Bayan duk, a matsayin records nuna, har yanzu yana nuna biyayya, ya nemi da neman ilimi, ya m. A lokaci guda ta juyayi tare da kafa pre-Petrine zamanin gaske iya hallakar da dukan abin da aka halitta da mahaifinsa. Monarch ne sosai ji tsoro daga wannan. Ga shi, na jihar ta moriyar kasance sama da dukan. Wannan, ya yi iƙirarin, kuma daga ta yanayi da kuma yara. A wata hanya, ceto da halin da ake ciki da haihuwa da na ɗan, Bitrus da Great ta biyu aure. Yanzu, jihar iya samun wani cancanci magaji da kuma magajin ya harka. A daidai wannan lokaci da kasar iya faruwa a wasu auka, saboda 'ya'yan da Bitrus da Alexei wannan sunan. Wannan batun da aka ma damu game da kome da kowa.

Tserewa Alexey Peter a matsayin wani cin amana, a shirya masa maƙarƙashiya. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa, bayan da ya kama fara kama da interrogations. Alexey zata gãfara daga mahaifinsa, amma maimakon aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa. Don bincika jawo hankalin da farka Euphrosyne. Bisani, ya aka wanke da kuma ba wa azãba ba. Kila wannan ya yiwu godiya ga taimako da shi ya bayar ga Tolstoy da Rumyantsev, ya tambaye ta da wani tasiri a kan yarima.