Mamayewa Tokhtamysh zuwa Moscow a 1382 da kuma nasa sakamakon

Shi ke kawai shekaru biyu tun da daraja nasarar Prince Dmitry Donskoy a kan rundunar 'Mamai, da kuma sake girgiza Rasha ƙasar daga stamping na ƙyastawa na Tatar sojojin doki. Tokhtamysh m mamayewa na Moscow a 1382 da kuma nasa sakamakon sun zama batu na binciken da yawa na tarihi, daga kusurwoyi mabambanta kokarin haskaka Sanadin unhappiness. Amma abu daya da suka yarda - sun gaza wannan lokaci, shugabannin naúrar don nuna hadin kai, wanda ya zama key zuwa ga nasara a Kulikovo filin.

An gabatarwa da sabon taro khan

A ƙarshen XIV karni tsakanin shugabanni na Golden taro ya zama musamman m gwagwarmayar iko. Ya zo ga fore Tokhtamysh Khan, wanda tasiri mika kawai kafin da ake kira White taro, ko kamar yadda aka kira kansu Tatars, Ak-Orda. Tare da goyon bayan ta hannun daman Tamerlane a 1379 ya kama da babban birnin kasar na Tatar State - Saray al-Jadid - kuma nan da nan ya zama mai mulkin dukan ƙasashe, located a cikin ƙananan kai na cikin Don.

Gabatarwa Tokhtamysh sun fi mayar da gudummawar da kasawa da ta main kishiya, da inuwa mai mulkin taro Mamaia, karya a 1380 Dmitriem Donskim. Ignominiously gudu bayan da kaye, ya gudu zuwa cikin Crimea, inda ya yi kokarin tattara ragowar ya m sojojin for wani sabon Maris a birnin Moscow. Amma wannan ba ya zama. Tokhtamysh sa a gaba da shi da rundunarsa don wani hukunci yaƙi a Kogin Yufiretis Kalka.

Mamai ya shirya don yarda da yaƙi, amma a karshe lokacin, aka bashe shi m, kuma jefa shi peremetnuvshimisya ga makiya. Ya ya gudu sake. A wannan lokaci inna garzaya a Cafu - mai kagara gari a cikin Crimea, amma akwai shi da aka jiran duk da haka wani cin amana. Tsohon masõya da Masters birni Genoese aminci ya kashe shi da kuma sata. Kamar wancan ignominiously kawo karshen hanyar da zarar karaya mulkin Golden taro.

Kazamin mamayewa Tokhtamysh zuwa Moscow

A lokacin da wani ko da abin da ya faru da hare-hare Tatar sojan doki a kan Rasha ƙasar, sai suka yaushe ɗauka tãre da su da jini da kuma conflagrations, amma Khan Tohtamysh wadannan incursions sun kasance musamman yankunan da. An misali ne events cewa ya faru a watan Agusta 1382. Sun fara da cewa sabon shugaban Golden taro aika zuwa ga Prince of Moscow wakilan. Ta hanyar su, sai ya gode Dmitry Donskoy domin nasarar lashe su a kan mamma, ya ce - "munanan usurper na ikon", da kuma bayar da rahoton cewa shi ne a yanzu a cikin Golden taro ci sarauta shi - ta rightful ubangijin HALITTAR Chingizids.

Amma shi ne kawai gabatarwar, babban abu ne cewa Khan bukaci kara biyan haraji. Bayan sauraron da jakadun da kuma, a wasu lokuta, sun kariminci hazaka Prince Dmitry ya ce da ni ba Khan fatan alheri, amma ta hanyar biyan haraji ƙiya. Bi jim kadan mamayewa Tokhtamysh zuwa Moscow shi ne sakamakon da ya aikace-aikace.

Historical takardun nuna cewa daga cikin Tatar khan a 1381 aka sanya daya more ƙoƙari diplomasiyya matsa lamba a kan Prince Dmitry. Don wannan karshen, ya aika zuwa Moscow gaba manufa karkashin jagorancin matasa prince Ak-Hozem, tare da wani karfi detachment sojoji. Amma ga unknown dalilai, ba su isa a babban birnin kasar, kuma ta haka ne da mamayewa na Khan Tokhtamysh zuwa Moscow wani foregone ƙarshe.

Yin yawo, kaddamar a wani yanayi na sirri

An fara yaƙin neman zaɓe a 1382, da Tatar shugaban nuna m kungiya basira. Da farko, ya dauki matakan asirce daga abokan gaba da motsi na da rundunarsa. Domin kauce wa wata 'yar alamar zuba, Khan umarci dukan Moscow yan kasuwa, sun kasance a ƙarƙashin iko da a Kazan, kashe ko boye a cikin kurkuku, kuma su jirãge amfani da su safarar sojoji zuwa dama banki na Volga.

Suke dashi rubuta tarihin lokaci an san cewa ya hordes tafiya da sauri, amma tare da iyakar taka tsantsan - "ba tare da bada bushãra gaba na kaina." Saboda wannan mamayewa Tokhtamysh zuwa Moscow ya zuwa mazaunanta da mamaki da kuma hana su, na yiwuwar a hankali shirya domin gani. A duk lokacin da, da mamaki kai hari ya ƙwarai da gudummawar nasara a duk lokuta.

Cin Amanar na Ryazan yarima

Ya taka leda a hannun Khan, kuma haka m ga Rasha factor ne da hali na sarakuna zuwa cin amanar kasa a cikin bukatun da kansa tsaro da kuma amfanin. Wannan ya bayyana a lokacin da gaba dayan lokaci na Tatar-Mongol karkiya, kuma daya daga cikin misalai na wannan Wata mamaki sheka zuwa Tokhtamysh Prince Olega Ryazanskogo. Ya ba kawai ya nuna tawali'u kafin invaders, amma kuma da yardar saukar dace mashigan fadin Oka River. Bisani, ya aka ji rauni saboda shi a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin Tartars kansu.

An sani cewa diplomasiyya hanyoyin Tokhtamysh mamayewa na Moscow kokarin hana Prince Dmitry Konstantinovich na Nizhny Novgorod. Don wannan karshen, sai ya aika da shawarwari tare da khan na da 'ya'yansu, amma su kasa cika da umarni kawai domin ba su gudanar ya kama up tare da sojan doki Tatar, su motsa tare da m gudun.

Duk da haka, ko ta yaya kokarin da invaders, amma labarai da suka m tukuna kai Grand Duke. Dmitry Donskoy, tunawa da unanimity tare da hakimai na naúra up shekaru biyu da suka wuce wajen yaki da rundunar 'Mamaia, aza a cikin wannan lokaci ne na bege ga su taimako, amma shayi. Lokacin da mamayewa na Moscow Tokhtamysh zama na fili, Prince bai samu goyon baya daga gare su, kuma an tilasta wa je da samuwar sojojin a cikin wuta, kuma ya fi aboki, Vladimir Andreevich Serpuhovskoy - a Portage Lamsky.

A kan hanyoyin Moscow

Amfani da mashigan shi ya kira shi Prince Oleg na Ryazan, Tokhtamysh haye Oka da looting a hanya Serpukhov, ya aiko da sojojin doki to Moscow. Dukan yankin inda da invaders da aka gudanar, shi ne a ci gaba da babbake duniya, wanda sa'an nan har yanzu da yawa shekarun yin baƙi toka na kauyuka, amma sun fari ƙasũsuwa a cikin ciyawa bar unburied mazauna.

A cikin rashi na Grand Duke a babban birnin kasar, akwai tsoro, wanda tsokani mamayewa Tokhtamysh Moscow. Bugu da kari, akwai na wani dan gajeren lokaci taru tare da dukkan dũkiyõyinsu manyan yawan mazauna kauyuka da suke kewaye da, fatan tserewa daga maƙiyi daga cikin Kremlin bango. A sakamakon haka, tarzoma ta barke da kuma looting, za exacerbate da riga siga halin da ake ciki.

tsaro kungiyar

Wasu domin zai iya yin wani sabon zuwa birnin Lithuanian prince Osteyu, da aka gudanar a Rasha sabis. Lokacin da ta tattara jama'a bẽne, ya yanke shawarar, babu daya daga Moscow da dukan ikon zuwa shiryar da shiri na tsaron gida. The prince kansa a matsayin wani soja mutum, directed da aikin alaka da kafuwa a kan garun m Tsarin, da preform guduro, kwalta da duwatsu, wanda sun kasance a cikin hali na kai hari kai farmaki da besiegers kai. Ya umarci dukan wuraren kiwo nata da aka kona a kusa da birnin. Wannan gwargwado hana abokan gaba daga cikin littattafai na kewaye da kuma tsari.

A bayyanar da makiya karkashin ganuwar birnin

Makawa kamar dutse looming mamayewa Tokhtamysh Moscow. Kwanan wata Agusta 23, 1382 ya zama baki rana a cikin tarihin na Rasha. Wannan safe ya tafi zuwa ga Kremlin bango sahun gaba wajen Tatars. Taro ba su dauki wani aiki matakai, da kuma koyi cewa Prince Dmitry Donskoy a gari, koro ga wasu nesa a jira na babban sojojin. Amma su sosai bayyanar ne dalilin wasu m karaya tsakanin Muscovites.

Yi la'akari da matsayin da Sahaban, don ya taimaka tashin hankali, mazauna sun koma ga kokarin Hanyar - janar buguwa. Domin wannan ya bude cellar arziki gidaje birgima kegs da zuma da Braga ta Portugal, sa'an nan bugu daga kananan zuwa manyan. A wannan hanya mai bugu haura garun da Kremlin kuma daga can barazana Tatars, showering su a cikin wannan matsananciyar zagi.

Kokarin hari, karya-kashe Muscovites

Mamayewa Tokhtamysh zuwa Moscow za a iya takaita, zana aukuwa kwana hudu - daga 23 zuwa 26 ga watan Agusta. Idan ranar farko ta gari ga Tatar sahun gaba, sa'an nan da safe da ganuwar da babban birnin kasar sun ci gaba a kan babban sojojin abokan gaba, karkashin jagorancin Khan. Taro kaddamar da hari amma da aka tsãwace da kare birnin da kuma ja da baya tare da m hasarori. Ban kawo su samu nasara da kuma kai hari a kan 25 ga watan Agusta. A karkashin wata ƙanƙara na kibiyoyi, ruwa daga ganuwar da shawa, daga ruwan zãfi da kuma kona farar wutã ne, da uninvited baƙi aka tilasta su motsa sake.

Rikici da kuma cin amana da 'yan'uwanmu Asians

Zai bar su da kõme ba, idan ba don su Asian wayo da kuma mayaudari m daga cikin matasa na hakiman Suzdal. Farga cewa Muscovites karfi ba rinjãya, Tokhtamysh aika zuwa ga ganuwar birnin tawagar daga daraja taro kuma a hada 'ya'yansu maza biyu Suzdal prince - Vasily da Semyon, guda wadanda suke a farkon yakin aika wa mahaifinsa a kan wani diplomasiyya manufa, amma zauna, da kuma sa'an nan ya koma Tawagar Khan. Sai suka ji daɗi da musamman amincewa daga cikin Muscovites, kamar yadda ka yi Siblings Prince Dmitry Donskoy matarsa - Evdokia.

A wannan amanar da kuma taka leda Tokhtamysh. A madadin 'yan'uwan da tabbacin da jama'a cewa da taro da babu rashin jituwa zuwa gare su, kuma suka zo don magance daya kawai Prince Dmitry. Tun da yake ba a cikin birni, suna shirye su bar, bayar da cewa mazauna, bude kofa zai tafi zuwa ga Khan tare da karrama da kuma kyautai. Han ba sa cutar da kowa, da kuma lõkacin da ya ga birni, wanda ya ji mai yawa, zai haifar kashe sojojinsa. KalmõminSa an tabbatar da rantsuwar.

A mamayewa na taro a Moscow

Idan 'yan ƙasa sun ji da shi daga lebe na baki, shi yiwuwa zai sun yi shakka. Amma a wancan lokacin tare da su mu yi magana compatriots, kuma zumunta na Grand Duke, suka kuma gaskata talla. Kremlin ƙofofi suka buɗe, sa'an nan ya bayyana wani procession na mutane a cikin babban birnin kasar, karkashin jagorancin Prince Ost da kuma limaman. A wani nan take duk suka hacked pounce a kan dukkan bangarorin da Tatars.

Breaking cikin wani unprotected wakilin birnin, da taro ya fara sace da kuma ƙone dukan abin da ya zo hanya. Yana sāke bayanin da jahannama cewa sun sanya a cikin Kremlin bango. Masana tarihi sun gano cewa, a ranar da wadanda ke fama da wannan jini idin fara 24 000 mutane. Tun a cikin wadannan shekaru da yawan jama'a na Moscow ne 40 000 mutane, shi dai itace cewa a kan Agusta 26, inda suka kashe fiye da rabin mazauna babban birnin kasar. Bugu da kari, samar da Khan wata babbar lamba na fursunoni tura zuwa bauta.

Mamayewa Tokhtamysh zuwa Moscow a 1382 da kuma nasa sakamakon sun misali na sakamakon da fragmentation na jihar, da rashin hadin kai a kangewa hadari, shigewa zuwa ciki yaudara. A waɗannan kwanaki, idan Muscovites suka yi jihãdi a kan Kremlin bango da ya rasu, aka azabtar da wata yaudara compatriots, Grand Duke da matarsa Evdokia located in Kostroma. Sai suka yi kokarin a banza lallashe da shugabanninmu, sake, a matsayin shekaru biyu da suka wuce, su shiga sojojin da su hana mamayewa Tokhtamysh Moscow.

A shekara mai girma Rasha baƙin ciki

Kashegari, sated da jinin marar laifi ya shafa da kuma otyagchonnye arziki ganima, da Tatars bar birnin iyaka. Amma kafin ya dawo zuwa taro, suka kasu kashi da yawa m kungiyoyin da, a lokaci guda kamawa, hasãra Vladimir, Zvenigorod, Mozhaisk kuma St. George. Ba abin mamaki a cikin 1382 ya shiga tarihi na Rasha a matsayin daya daga cikin bakin ciki aukuwa a tarihi. Dubban matattu da bautar - cewa shi ne ta sakamakon.

Tatars kawai kamar samu wani tsanani yaki da baya, kokarin kai farmaki da Portage Lamsky. Ga su da sojan doki aka tsaya Serpukhov prince gaggauta gudanar da tattara da mayakan sa kai. Basic guda ƙarfi Tatar karkashin jagorancin Khan a kan hanyar dawo, duk da alkawarin da ya kori duniya m Oleg Ryazansky, jirgin tsira daga fagen fama.

Kamar wancan ƙare mamayewa Tokhtamysh Moscow. Its sakamakon suna bakin ciki. Sun jawo babbar tattalin arziki da asarar da mutum rayuwarsu ta hanyar bada, Rasha har yanzu ya kasance a cikin harkokin siyasa dogara a kan Golden taro khans. Don kauce wa kara zubar da jini, Dmitry sarkin ya tilasta ci gaba da biyan haraji da kuma biya Tokhtamysh shekaru biyu bayan nasara a Kulikovo filin. Ya kuma baya shugabanni mulki daga waliccinsu, kawai a kan tushen da tasirin samar a cikin Golden taro. Kafin juyin mulki da Mongol-Tatar karkiya shi ne har yanzu a karni.