Zone Arctic Hamada

Akwai da ke kan ƙasa wata sosai musamman ƙasa: arewacin gefen Asiya da arewacin Amurka nahiyar, kazalika da tsibirin ƙasa a cikin Arctic, da iyakacin duniya zone iyaka kewaye.

Mene ne yanki na Arctic hamada? Da farko, yana da musamman sauyin yanayi, inda babu wani sarari rabo a cikin yanayi. Akwai kawai ne hunturu, wanda aka halin iyakacin duniya dare da yawan zafin jiki kula, fluctuating tsakanin goma da kuma hamsin digiri da alamar debewa, kuma sosai short lokacin bazaar da iyakacin duniya rana da kuma zafin jiki ba ya wuce da sifili alama a ma'aunin zafi da sanyio.

Arctic hamada yanki yana da wani takamaiman ƙasa: kankara da dusar ƙanƙara rufe babban tsibirin yankin. The tarin tsiburai na Franz Josef rufe da kankara a tamanin da bakwai da cent, arewacin tsibirin Novaya Zemlya - arba'in bisa dari, kuma Ushakov tsibirin kusan gama icebound. Severnaya Zemlya (tsibiran) zuwa arba'in da biyar da cent aka rufe da ashirin da biyu kankara garkuwoyi.

A cikin Rasha Arctic sashi daga cikin hamada, ya hada da yanki daga arewacin mafi nufi (Franz Josef Land) zuwa matsananci kudu (Wrangel Island), tsibirin na Novaya Zemlya, da New Siberian Islands, da Northern asashe, karkata daga cikin Taimyr Larabawa da kuma Arctic tekuna located a cikin wannan yanki.

Arctic hamada yanki rufe da dusar ƙanƙara da icebound duk shekara zagaye. Yanayi da dama a nan sosai da wuya. Su shekara-shekara kudi daidai 200-300 millimeters, kuma suna wakilta yafi by snow kuma sanyi. A sauyin yanayi na Arctic Hamada dada tabarbare tsananin iska, m m hazo da kuma high girgije.

The taimako daga cikin tsibiran sun fi mayar da irin wannan. Yana da wani lebur bayyana a cikin jihar bakin teku yankunan da high duwãtsu a cikin gida kansu. Monotonous lebur sauƙi ne halayyar kawai na New Siberian Islands. A cikin tsibiran na Arctic ƙasa na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet, kusan hamsin da shida da dubu murabba'in mita sarari ne wani yanki na kankara. Ice takardar kauri ne daidai da uku da ɗari na New Duniya, Duniya ta Arewa - ɗari biyu da Franz Josef Land - wani ɗari mita. Matsakaicin damar permafrost (arewa na Taimyr Larabawa) ya wuce biyar da ɗari mita.

Abin da zai iya mamaki da Arctic hamada zone cikin sharuddan ciyayi? To, shi ne abin mamaki da kawai cewa sun wanzu a cikin permafrost zone. Babu shakka, wannan yanki ne da ake kira hamada, kamar yadda da Flora faƙĩri ne, monotonous. A inji murfin an tsage, kuma jimlar shafi ba ya wuce sittin da biyar cikin dari. Kuma na ciki na tsibiran (duwãtsu, tsaunuka) an rufe tare da wani fiye da uku cikin dari. A tsirin yankin da aka wakilta mosses, lichens (yafi crustose), algae. Flowering tsire-tsire a cikin Arctic buga blackgrass mai tsayi, Arctic pickerel, buttercup, kamenolomkoy snow, Arctic poppy. Ɗari uku da hamsin da jinsunan mafi girma tsire-tsire ne da wani Arctic tsibirin Flora, da yanayin abin da yake da muhimmanci daban-daban a cikin arewacin kudu.

Idan arewacin na Taimyr Larabawa ne halin da ciyawa-gansakuka Arctic hamada, kudu - da New Siberian Islands - ana maye gurbin a cikin matalauta hamada shrub-gansakuka tare da zuwan da iyakacin duniya Willow da saxifrage. Amma da kankara sashi na kudu, kuma ya bayar da shrub-gansakuka Arctic hamada - wannan ne mai kyau-ɓullo da shrub Layer tare da iyakacin duniya da kuma Arctic Willow da Dryads.

Saboda da low ciyayi yawan aiki fauna Arctic hamada sashi ne sosai matalauta: lemmings kuma Arctic Foxes, iyakacin duniya take ɗauke da wasu wurare reindeer, walruses kuma like. A Greenland Musk sa za a iya samu. Rocky Coast a lokacin rani - a wurin mulkin mallaka nesting seabirds. Loon da tsuntsun seagull, guillemot da kuma baki guillemot, Goose kuma, ba shakka, ake yin dusar ƙanƙara mujiya wakiltar mulkin tsuntsaye da suke zaune a mafi wuya yanayi na garin kankara jeji.