Gida dankali. A tarihin da dankalin turawa a Rasha

Bayan da burodi da kuma hatsi da amfanin gona da wannan kayan lambu ne ya fi kowa, mafi m zai yi da na biyu wuri. Afirka ko America, Turai ko Asiya - ko da kuwa a nahiyar, sun regale mutane a duniya. Mu ne don haka saba wa shi cewa su daina la'akari da shi da wani abu sabon da kuma lalle ba rarraba shi a tsakanin delicacies. Muna magana ne game da wani dogon lokaci sani a gare mu dankali. Bari mu tuna wani lokaci sa'ad da yake ba tukuna haka tartsatsi, koyi game da wasu daga cikin mummunan hade tare da asarar, da kuma gano dalilin da ya sa shi ne har yanzu haka mai daraja a Rasha. Amma bari mu fara daga batu inda ya yada a duniya. Abin da ya mahaifar da dankalin turawa? Shi ne Turai ko wasu wurare?

Gida dankali

An dade an yi imani da cewa da dankalin turawa zo mana daga Kudancin Amirka. Dankali Mahaifa, mahaifiyata - Chile, Peru da kuma Bolivia. Ko a yau, a cikin lokaci, a cikin Andes za a iya gani, duka a cikin daji ke tsiro dankali. Akwai, a tsawon fiye da wata kilometer, da tubers za a iya samu kusan duk halin yanzu da aka sani iri. Bisa ga zaton da masana kimiyya, a zamanin da da Indiyawa a wannan yanki iya asali da kuma crossbreed daban-daban iri na shuke-shuke, ciki har da dankali. The sosai farko bayanai game da dankalin turawa zo daga Clemente, memba na soja yaƙi Yuliana De Castellanos a shekara ta 1535. A cewar shi, da mealy tushen wannan shuka zo dandana har ma da Spain. Duk da haka, 'yan mutane biya da hankali ga maganarsa. Saboda haka za ka iya taƙaice bayyana yadda labarin ya fara dankali asalin (ta rarraba).

Ta yaya al'ada zo zuwa Turai

The m bayanin irin dankalin da aka samu a cikin "Chronicle of Peru" Pedru Chieza de Leon. Shi ne mai sosai cikakken kuma a fili ya bayyana wannan shuka. dankalin turawa fitowan labarin ya sha'awar Sarkin Spain, wanda ya ba da domin ya kawo wata babbar adadin kasashen waje samfurin. Saboda haka, godiya ga Spain, da haifuwa daga cikin dankalin turawa - South America - Ya azurta wannan kayan cikin Turai. Da farko ya kasance a Italiya, kuma daga baya a Belgium. Bayan haka, magajin gari na Mons (Belgium) ya ba 'yan tubers don nazarin ta baka da kuma abokin a Vienna. Kawai abokinsa, kuma a botanist, ya bayyana da dankalin turawa a cikin littafinsa "A shuke-shuke." Godiya ga shi, dankalin turawa samu da kansa kimiyya sunan - Solyanum tuberozum eskulentum (tuber nightshade). Bayan wani lokaci ya dankalin turawa bayanin da sunan lambu al'adu sun zama kullum karɓa.

a Ireland

Yana da lokaci zuwa Ireland, da kuma a cikin 1590s dankali samu a can. Akwai, ya sami janar fitarwa saboda gaskiyar cewa da kai tushen ko da a gwada unfavorable yanayi. Ko da kuwa da yanayi, rigar ko bushe, taushi ko m la'akari da tubers aka dasa a cikin m, ko tati, dankali kawo 'ya'yan. Me shi ne don haka yada cewa 1950 akalla uku na duk arable yankin da aka dasa tare da dankalin turawa plantings. Fiye da rabin da girbi aka nufin adam amfani. Saboda haka, dankali fara ci ga karin kumallo, abincin rana da kuma abincin dare. All zai zama mai kyau, amma sai dã sun yi wani matalauci girbi? Abin da zai ci Irish a cikin wannan hali? Ba su son tunani game da shi.

A sakamakon matalauta girbin

Idan kafin shi ya faru da cewa dankali ba su kawo da sa ran yawan amfanin ƙasa, sa'an nan muka yi wasu kokarin samar da zama dole taimako ga wadanda aka ci zarafinsu. Kuma idan na gaba shekara sake juya fitar da tattara da ake bukata yawan Tushen, shi rufe da shortcomings na baya lokacin. Saboda haka, a cikin 1845 akwai wani matalauci girbi. Amma babu daya dame Sanadin da aukuwar lamarin. Dole ne in ce cewa nan har yanzu ba su sani ba yawa game da marigayi burtuntuna - dankalin turawa, cuta, saboda wanda ya gaza ya tattara da ake bukata adadin kayan lambu. A naman gwari cewa infects tubers, abu don dankali Rotting a cikin ƙasa, kuma ko da bayan girbi daga filayen. Bugu da kari, fungal spores cuta saukin yada ta Airborne droplets. Kuma saboda gaskiyar cewa a Ireland a lokacin da aka dankali dasa daya kawai iri-iri, da dukan amfanin gona da aka rasa da sauri. A wannan abu ya faru a gaba 'yan shekaru, manyan farko zuwa marasa aikin yi, sa'an nan kuma zuwa ga yunwa a ƙasar. A fakaice shi shafa kwalara, wanda a 1849 kashe fiye da 36 da mutane dubu. A tarihin da dankalin Turawa da wani ya fi karfinsu da ya faru ya kai ga cewa jihar ya rasa fiye da kwata na yawan al'ummarta.

Dankali: The Story of ziyartar Rasha

A hankali al'ada baza a Turai, kamar yadda muka gani wannan a cikin misali na Ireland, da kuma a cikin farkon karni na sha takwas, shi da farko ya bayyana a Rasha. A waɗannan shekaru, Bitrus da nake a sufuri a Netherlands. Akwai ya samu damar dandana jita-jita tattalin daga dankali (a wancan lokacin, kamar yadda a yanzu, bai san cewa da dankalin turawa gida South America). I da ɗanɗanar bidi'a dafa abinci, Rasha sarki ya ce asali dandano dankalin turawa 'ya'yan. Kamar yadda a Rasha wannan delicacy ba tukuna, ya yanke shawarar zuwa gidansa wani buhu na dankali. Saboda haka da tarihi da dankalin Turawa a Rasha ya fara.

The black ƙasa, kazalika a high ƙasa acidity sabon al'adu ne da kama. Duk da haka, da na kowa mutane ne har yanzu wary ganinsu a wannan ban mamaki kayan lambu, saboda saboda jahilcin da daidai Hanyar shirye-shiryen sun kasance m lokuta na guba. Yadda za a yi haka da cewa rarraba dankali to sa a grand sikelin? Peter na kasance wani na fasaha mutumin da siffa cewa shi ne zai yiwu a yi. A da dama filayen da aka dasa tubers, da kuma gaba sa matsara, suka yi aiki a lokacin da rana, amma ya tafi daga filayen da dare. Wannan ya sa mai girma son sani tsakanin sauki manoma, kuma suka shiga sunã da dare, alhãli kuwa wani bai gan podvorovyvat sabon kayan lambu da kuma shuka a gonakinsu. Duk da haka, da ubiquitous yayin da "earthy apple" har yanzu bai yi aiki ba. Akwai mutane da yawa waɗanda suka "sarrafawa" etched ta berries. Saboda haka, "tsine apple" kagaggun kowa mutane ƙi girma. By kamar yadda 50-60 shekara mu'ujiza kayan da aka manta a Rasha.

Kamar yadda da dankalin turawa zama da aka sani

Daga baya, Catherine II taka leda a babban rawa a cewa da dankalin turawa ya zama kullum karɓa. Duk da haka, babban impetus ga yaduwar tushen amfanin gona ya zama yunwa da cewa ya faru a cikin 1860s. A sa'an nan, kuma ya tuna kome da kome, fiye da a baya sakaci, kuma sun yi mamakin ganin cewa da dankalin turawa yana da kyau kwarai da dandano da shi ne sosai gina jiki. Kamar yadda maganar ke, "akwai zai zama mai albarka a sake kama."

Wannan irin wannan ban sha'awa labarin da dankalin turawa a Rasha. Saboda haka, a kan lokaci, dankalin turawa, tubers karfe shuka a kasar. Mutane zarar ya gane yadda amfani da wannan kayan lambu stock, musamman a lokutan bad girbi amfanin gona. Har yanzu dauke biyu burodi dankali saboda ciwon isa a cellar da ya hannun jari, wanda zai iya zama ko da a wuya sau. Saboda su kalori abun ciki da kuma amfani da wannan rana abu na farko da ya sa a cikin lambu - a dankalin turawa, tubers.

Me dankalin turawa ne don haka rare a Rasha

Tun da sau Bitrus I sau daya mutane su ji game da sinadaran da sinadirai masu darajar tushen ga jikin mutum. Duk da haka, da tarihi na dankali nuna cewa shi ya ƙunshi abubuwa da suke bukata domin rayuwa a cikin lokaci na yunwa, cuta, da kuma zullumi. Abin da yake haka muhimmanci da kuma amfani a cikin saba tushen kayan lambu? Sai dai itace cewa da ya sunadaran dauke da kusan dukkanin amino acid da cewa mu iya saduwa a shuka abinci. Ɗari uku grams na wannan kayan lambu isa ya gamsar da kullum na kullum na potassium, phosphorus da kuma carbohydrates. Dankali, musamman sabo ne, mai arziki a cikin bitamin C da zare. Haka kuma, shi ma yana dauke da wasu abubuwa wajibi ne a rayuwa, kamar baƙin ƙarfe, tutiya, manganese, aidin, sodium, da kuma ko alli. Kuma mafi amfani abubuwa kunshe daidai a dankalin turawa konkoma karãtunsa fãtun, wanda a yau sau da yawa ba ci. Duk da haka, a cikin sau na yunwa, da na kowa mutane ba sakaci da shi da kuma ci dankali dukan, gasa ko Boiled.

Namo guda iri-iri dankalin turawa, da kuma nasa sakamakon

Kamar yadda muka koya, dankali haifuwa - South America. Akwai, manoman yi hikima, yada Tushen daga daban-daban iri. Saboda haka, kawai wasu daga cikinsu sun fallasa da cuta - marigayi burtuntuna fungal. Saboda haka, ko idan irin wannan iri da aka rasa, shi ba zai haifar da irin wannan mummunan bala'i, kamar yadda a Ireland. Gaskiyar cewa a cikin yanayi akwai irin wannan al'ada, kare mutane daga irin wannan baƙin ciki. Duk da haka, idan 'ya'yan itãcen girma daya kawai iri-iri, shi zai iya kai wa ga gaskiyar cewa a wani lokaci ya kasance a Ireland. Kazalika da yin amfani da sinadarin hada takin zamani da magungunan kashe qwari, wanda ake musamman adversely shafi na halitta hawan keke da kuma yanayi a matsayin dukan.

A mafi riba to girma daya kawai iri-iri dankalin turawa,

A wannan yanayin, ciki har da a Rasha, ya ƙarfafa manoma su girma kawai daya musamman iri-iri na dankalin turawa? M wannan yana rinjayar marketability da tattalin arziki abubuwan. Saboda haka, manoma suna yin fare a kan wani kyakkyawan ra'ayi na 'ya'yan itace, kuma haka wani qaruwar tsakanin masu saye. Ana zargin wani misali al'adu za a iya dangana da gaskiyar cewa da wani dankalin turawa, iri-iri, ya kawo a cikin wasu yankunan mafi girma da ake samu fiye da wasu. Duk da haka, kamar yadda muka sani, irin wannan fuskanta iya samun nisa-kai m sakamakon.

Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro - babban makiyin lambu Rasha

Babban lahani don amfanin gona iya nema kwari kwari. Sosai da aka sani ga kowane lambu, ko manomi ne daya irin leaf irin ƙwaro - a Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro. A karo na farko a shekarar 1859, an gano da yawa matsaloli a dankalin turawa kiwo iya kawo wannan kwaro. Kuma a cikin farkon 1900s, da irin ƙwaro samu zuwa Turai. Lokacin da aka kawo a nan kwatsam, ya sauri rungumi nahiyar baki daya, ciki har da Rasha. Saboda da juriya ga sinadarai, wanda ake amfani da magance shi, da kwaro ne kusan babban makiyin kowane lambu. Saboda haka, don kawo karshen wannan barazana, ban da sunadarai, za mu fara amfani da noma ayyuka. Kuma yanzu a Rasha kowane rani mazaunin wanda yake so ya idi a gida soyayyen ko gasa dankali a cikin garwashin wuta, da farko dole samun matsahi na saba da sauki Hanyar magance wannan kwaro.