Wa mulki a tarayyar Soviet bayan Stalin ta tarihi

Tare da mutuwar Stalin - da "uban al'ummai" da "da m kwaminisanci" - a 1953, gwagwarmayar neman iko, kamar yadda da sadaukarwa na hali, kafa da shi, zaci da kwalkwali na Tarayyar Soviet zai zama guda autocratic shugaba wanda zai dauki da ragamar jihar kwamitin .

A bambanci ne kawai a gaskiya cewa babban contenders for ikon matsayin daya bayar da shawarar da abolition na sadaukarwa da kanta da kuma walwalar siyasa Hakika na kasar.

Wanda ya yi mulki bayan Stalin?

Tsanani gwagwarmaya ya barke tsakanin uku main contenders, wanda asali kunshi wani triumvirate - Georgi Malenkov (Shugaban Tarayyar Soviet majalisar ministocin kasar), Lavrentiem Beriey (ministan tsaron hadin gwiwa ma'aikatar harkokin) da kuma Nikitoy Hruschevym (sakataren CPSU). Kowace daga cikinsu ya so ya riƙi wurin na da shugaban kasa, amma nasara iya samun kawai ga mai nema, wanda takarar za su goyi bayan jam'iyyar wanda mambobi dadin babban iko, kuma da dama sadarwa. Bugu da kari, su duka raba wani so a cimma zaman lafiya, don kammala wannan zamanin na danniya da kuma a samu karin 'yanci a cikin ayyuka. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa tambaya na wanda yake mallakar bayan Stalin ta mutuwa, ba ko da yaushe suna da wani tabbataccen amsar - shi ne kawai mutane uku wanda aka fada domin iko.

A triumvirate na ikon: farkon tsaga

Halitta a karkashin Stalin triumvirate raba nauyi. Mafi yawa daga shi ne mayar da hankali a hannun Malenkov da Beriya. Khrushchev da aka bai rawar da Sakataren da CPSU kwamitin tsakiya, ba haka ba ne muhimmi a gaban abokan adawarsa. Amma da suka underestimated da m kuma mai kuzari jam'iyyar memba, Highlights m tunani da diraya.

Ga waɗanda suka mulki kasar bayan Stalin, shi ne muhimmanci a fahimta wanda a farko wuri don kawar daga gasar. Ya zama na farko da manufa na Lavrenty Beriya. Khrushchev da Malenkov su na sane da cewa a hamayyar kan kowane daga cikinsu shi ne ministan harkokin, a kula da dukan tsarin na haramta shi a jikinsu. A wannan batun, a cikin watan Yuli 1953, da Beriya aka kama, zargin da shi na leken asiri da sauran laifuka, haka cire irin wannan hatsari abokin gaba.

Malenkov da manufofin

Khrushchev ta yiwuwa a matsayin Oganeza na hadin kai ya karu sosai, kuma tasirin da take da a kan sauran wakilan jam'iyyar tsananta. Duk da haka, yayin da shugaban kwamitin ministoci ya Malenkov, key yanke shawara da kuma kwatance a harkokin siyasa ta dogara da shi. A taron na farko na Presidium daga cikin shakka aka dauka zuwa dokar ta-Stalinization da kuma kafa na gama management na kasar: an shirya ya warware da sadaukarwa na hali, amma aikata shi a cikin irin wannan hanya kamar yadda ba su detract daga "mahaifin na al'umman da 'nasarori. Babban aikin sa Malenkov, ya ci gaba da tattalin arziki, shan la'akari da bukatun al'ummar jihar. Ya miƙa quite wani m shirin na canji, wanda ya ba da aka soma a taron na Presidium na CC CPSU. Sa'an nan Malenkov sa a gaba guda shawara ga Majalisar Koli zaman, inda suka yi an amince. A karo na farko bayan da autocrat Stalin ta mulki da shawarar da aka sanya ba su da jam'iyya, kuma ta wani jami'in dalĩli. CPSU kwamitin tsakiya da kuma Politburo ya yarda da cewa.

A m tarihi ya nuna cewa a cikin waɗanda suka yi mulki bayan Stalin, Malenkov zai zama mafi "tasiri" a su yanke shawara. Yana soma wani kunshin matakan magance burokrasi a jihar da kuma jam'iyyar na'ura, domin ci gaba da abinci da haske masana'antu, don fadada cin gashin na gama gonaki sun haifa 'ya'yan: da shekaru 1954-1956 karo na farko bayan da yaki ya nuna karuwa daga cikin yankunan karkara yawan jama'a da kuma ci gaban da noma, wanda a tsawon shekaru ƙi, kuma stagnation ya zama riba. The sakamako daga cikin wadannan matakan da aka kiyaye har shekarar 1958. Yana da wannan biyar-shekara lokacin da aka dauke su mafi m da ingantaccen bayan Stalin ta mutuwa.

Lalle ne waɗanda suka yi sarauta bayan Stalin, ya bayyana cewa a cimma irin wannan nasara za ta yi aiki ba a cikin haske masana'antu, kamar yadda Malenkov bada shawarwari domin cin gaban su saba wa jobs shirya gaba shekaru biyar shirin, an mayar da hankali a kan gabatarwa da manyan masana'antu.

Georgy Malenkov kokarin kusanci matsala-warwarewa daga wani m ra'ayi, da ake ji da tattalin arziki maimakon akida sharudda. Duk da haka, wannan tsari bai dace jam'iyyar nomenclature (gangarawa ta Khrushchev), kusan rasa ta rinjaye rawa a cikin rayuwa na jihar. Shi ne mai iko hujja a Malenkov, wanda shi ne a karkashin matsin lamba daga jam'iyyar a watan Fabrairu na shekarar 1955, sulhuntawa ya yi murabus. Ya aka maye gurbinsu da aboki Khrushchev Nikolai Bulganin. Malenkov ya zama daya daga cikin mataimakan Mohammed, amma bayan da rushe 1957 anti-Party kungiyar (na wanda shi ne mai memba), tare da magoya bayansa da aka fitar daga cikin Presidium na CC CPSU. Khrushchev ya yi amfani da wannan halin da ake ciki kuma, a shekarar 1958 ya dauki Malenkov ma a matsayin shugaban kwamitin ministoci, kai da wuri da kuma zama masu dokoki bayan Stalin a cikin Tarayyar Soviet.

Saboda haka, Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev mayar da hankali kusan cikakken iko a hannunsa. Ya samu kawar da biyu daga cikin mafi iko fafatawa a gasa, da kuma jagoranci kasar.

Wa mulki kasar bayan mutuwar Stalin kuma Malenkov nuna bambanci?

Wadanda shekaru 11 da Khrushchev mulki da Tarayyar Soviet, arziki a daban-daban suka faru da kuma gyara. A kan ajanda akwai kalubale da dama da fuskantar da jihar bayan da masana'antu na yaki, da kuma yunkurin farfado da tattalin arziki. Key turakun cewa za a tuna da zamanin Khrushchev ta mulki, da wadannan:

1. Policy ci gaban budurwa asashe (ba goyon baya har ta fannin kimiyya binciken) - ya kara yawan sown yankunan, amma ba ya la'akari da yanayin siffofin, wanda hampered da ci gaban noma a raya yankuna.
2. "Masara yakin", manufar wanda ya cim da kuma cimma Amurka, mai kyau yawan amfanin ƙasa na wannan amfanin gona. Masara acreage kumbura sau biyu a lalacewar amfanin gona na hatsin rai da kuma alkama. Amma sakamakon da aka bakin ciki - yanayin damina ba da damar samun high yawan amfanin ƙasa, da kuma rage daga cikin yankin a karkashin wasu albarkatu tsokani sami low matakai domin su tarin. A yaƙin neman zaɓe ya gaza madauwaman zullumi a 1962, da kuma ta sakamakon da aka Yunƙurin a farashin man da kuma nama, wanda ya sa damunsu tsakanin yawan jama'a.
3. A farkon perestroika - da taro gina gidaje, wanda ya yarda da yawa iyalai su motsa daga dormitories da kuma zamantakewa Apartments a cikin (abin da ake kira "Khrushchev").

Sakamako na Khrushchev ta sarautar

Daga cikin wadanda suka yi mulkin bayan Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev ya tsaya ya unconventional da kuma ko da yaushe m tsarin kula da gyare-gyare a cikin jihar. Duk da yawa ayyukan da aka gane, su savanin ya jagoranci wani motsi daga wuri na Khrushchev a shekarar 1964.