Tã Industry - Past da kuma Present

Rating na kowane jihar a cikin kasa da kasa fagen fama dogara a kan matakin ci gaban tattalin arziki a kasar. Kuma da sosai ra'ayi na tattalin arziki ne multifaceted, amma da kafuwar ne daidai da masana'antu, da cewa shi ne, a sa na daban-daban kamfanoni. Yana masana'antu, ikon shuke-shuke, mahakar da mahakar. Su mined raw kayan kayan aikin, man fetur, da kayayyakin, girbe itace, samar da makamashi, da kuma sarrafa kayayyakin da aka samar a masana'antu ko a fannin aikin gona. Wancan ne, wannan fanni na mutum aiki yana da wani hukunci tasiri a kan alheri.

Kamar yadda za a iya gani, sassa na tattalin arzikin da hannu a samar da ayyuka, akwai da yawa. Kuma wani gagarumin ɓangare daga gare su yanaye sõyayya a karkashin daya kowa definition - manyan masana'antu. Wannan shi ne rukuni na masana'antu da samar da yafi wajen samar. Wadannan sun hada da kusan dukkan karafa masana'antu da kuma wasu bangare na cikin aiki masana'antu. Wannan masana'antu kamar wutar lantarki, ferrous da kuma wadanda ba ferrous metallurgy, man fetur masana'antu, karfe aiki da inji aikin injiniya. Jerin ya hada da gandunan daji, itace aiki, petrochemical, sunadarai, ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma takarda masana'antu, da kuma sauran irin wannan masana'antu.

Amma duk da haka mataki na muhimmancin wadannan sassa na tattalin arzikin za a iya gani daga tarihi. Alal misali, Rasha manyan masana'antu suka fara samar kawai bayan juyin juya hali. Bisa kididdigar da, a cikin 1913 da Rasha injiniya bada kawai 9% na jimlar masana'antu fitarwa shaft. The rabo daga cikin sinadaran masana'antu yana da ko da kasa - 3%, da kuma rabo na makamashi ne kasa da kashi daya. Kuma a yawan sassa alaka manyan masana'antu, kullum ba ya nan. Saboda haka, a pre-neman sauyi Rasha da babu instrumentation, inji kayayyakin aiki, tractors, motoci da kuma metallurgical kayan aiki. Kuma iri iri kayayyakin da aka shigo da daga kasashen waje.

Amma bayan juyin juya hali, halin da ake ciki ya canja da cika fuska. Sa'an nan da masana'antu na kasar baki daya da aka yi, da kuma manyan masana'antu da aka zahiri halitta. A Soviet jagorancin biya mai girma da hankali ga ci gaban wutar lantarki masana'antu, inji aikin injiniya, sinadaran da sauran nauyi masana'antu. A cikin pre-yaki shekaru, da Soviet mutane sun gina yawa manyan kamfanonin, kuma Ya halitta daga karce wani sabon reshe na masana'antu. Wannan mota, Aerospace, inji kayayyakin aiki, hada harvester, tarakta, metallurgical kayan da sauran m masana'antu. Kuma a lokacin yakin duniya na II manyan masana'antu ya zama tushe ga kasar ta kare masana'antu.

A postwar shekaru da aka ma halin da high kudi na raya kasa na wadannan masana'antu. Sa'an nan mun fara bayyana, da kuma nasarar ci gaba sabon masana'antu, kamar lantarki, rediyo aikin injiniya, kayan shawara, rocketry da kuma sauran irin wannan. Tarayyar Soviet ya iya dauka na farko wuri a duniya a man samar, da baƙin ƙarfe, karfe, coke, tama, taki, da wutar lantarki da kuma dizal locomotives, tractors, sumunti da kaya maras amfani. Manyan masana'antu a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin ta kai matakin da wasu kasashen da suka ci gaba.

Kuma yanzu da tsohon Tarayyar Soviet kasashen amfani da tushe, kafa a lokacin. Alal misali, a Rasha, Belarus da Ukraine a yanzu ma'aikata fiye da 20 metallurgical Enterprises. Shi ne kamar Mariupol Azovstal, Amurmetal a Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Almetyevsk bututu a Tatarstan, Beloretsk Metallurgical Shuka a Bashkortostan, Belarushiyanci Karfe Works a Zhlobin da sauransu warwatse a cikin dukan CIS.

Ko manyan masana'antu ya hada da irin wannan muhimmanci bangaren matsayin masana'antun man fetur. Wannan bincike na man fetur da kuma iskar gas hakowa, hakar albarkatun kasa, kazalika da dukan bututun kai. Yanzu a Rasha akwai uku da manyan mai tushe: Timan-Pechersk, da Volga-Urals da kuma Yammacin Siberia. A karshen tushe - mafi girma a Rasha. An located in tara larduna, kuma yana da wani yanki na 3.5 murabba'in kilomita miliyan. Kuma tare da rijiyoyin da tushe yanzu samar 70% na dukkan Rasha man fetur. Kuma ko da yake da matakin samar da man fetur rage shekara ta shekara, da masana'antu manyan masana'antu har yanzu ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da kuma amfani ne ga Rasha.