Mene ne iri da jirgin sama? Model, irin, irin jirgin sama (photo)

Aircraft gini - a ci gaba fannin na tattalin arzikin duniya, wanda ya fitar da wani babban iri-iri da jirgin sama, daga superlogkih da sauri zuwa ga nauyi da kuma ƙato. Duniya shugabanni a samar da jirgin sama ne da Amurka, EU da Rasha. A wannan labarin, za mu dubi abin da suke da iri da jirgin sama a yau jirgin sama gini, da manufa, da kuma wasu siffofin da tsarin.

Mene ne wani jirgin saman?

A kwanan nan da suka wuce, mutane na iya tafiya a tsawon nisa kawai ƙasa da tẽku, hanyoyi, yayin da jawabin da yawa lokaci. Abin farin, kimiyya ya iya samar da wani sabon nau'in abin hawa - da jirgin sama, wanda yake iya peremesit fasinjoji da kaya a tsawon nisa a cikin guntu yiwu lokaci.

A jirgin sama - a tashi na'ura, da babban alama wanda yake da ikon yi flights a vastness na cikin yanayin duniya, ta amfani da ake so ikon saitin. Ya na da yawan zane fasali daga sauran iri iska kai. Alal misali, daga jirgi mai saukar ungulu gyarawa-reshe jirgin sama ne daban-daban. Kafaffen reshe kuma airframe, amma yana da wani engine kamar jirgin sama, yayin da a kan airship ya halin da manufa na jirgin.

A tarihin abin da ya faru da jirgin sama

Kokarin kafa wani tsuntsu inji kore ta ikon shuke-shuke, an dauka da yawa? Ir na XIX karni. Daga gare su, George. Keighley, W. Henson, N. Teleshov A. Mozhajskij. Wasu daga cikin su ne quite 'yan ci a cikin wannan masana'antu. Duk da haka, da ranar haihuwa na duniya jirgin sama an dauke su 17 Disamba 1903. Cewa wannan rana, a karo na farko a sama da duniya ta surface ya tashi tsara ta American zanen kaya (Bratya Rayt) jirgin sama. Ko da yake shi ne mai gajeren gudu, kawai 59 seconds a tsawon 260 mita, wannan taron ya kasance mai nasara a cikin jirgin sama.

A tsarin abubuwa da jirgin sama

Bijiro da batun kafa abubuwa suna kafa ba kawai bayyanar da jirgin sama, amma kuma sanin da aikin fasali, wato gudun motsi a cikin kai iska. A misali zane na jirgin sama na da irin wannan kunshi wadannan abubuwa:

• Fuselage - da girma da kuma babban ɓangare na jirgin sama, wanda ya kawo tare dukan abubuwa na sauran jirgin ruwa. A da shi shi ne ma wani sashe na masauki da kuma harkokin sufuri na fasinjoji, ƙungiya da kaya. Duk da haka, da fuselage yana da babban size, ba duk model, kuma zuwa mafi girma har a fasinja jiragen ruwa.
• Fuka-fuki - babban jirgin sama jiki. A wannan hanya kamar tsuntsu, wani jirgin sama ba za a iya tunanin ba tare da fuka-fuki. Farko, da suka haifar da dagawa da karfi da ake bukata don ya dauke a cikin iska tsarin. Wing jirgin sama dole ƙarin wajen domin juyawa da jirgin ruwa tare da axis (aileron) da kuma takeoff da kuma yawo shirye-shirye (bude yatsun).
• A wutsiya kashi fasali kunshi uku main sassa: da keel, hagu da kuma dama Consoles. A wutsiya akwai kuma jirgin controls: rada da kuma zurfin.
• A ikon shuka na embodiment wakilci a cikin gargajiya engine sukurori (idan wani) da kuma kayan aiki da ake bukata domin su aiki.
• Shasi - System titin jiragen sama saukowa na'urorin, amfani ga takeoff na jirgin sama, saukowa, kazalika da motsi a cikin ƙasa, kõ kuwa ruwa surface. Mafi sau da yawa, da shasi da aka gabatar a cikin nau'i na ƙafafun, amma akwai wani nau'in jirgin sama cewa asashe a kan kayan gudun kan, da kuma wasu model, kuma ya aikata a kan skids ko floats.
• A-board lantarki - mai sa na kayan aiki kyale da ƙungiya ta yi aiki da jirgin sama.

rarrabuwa na jiragen sama

A musamman irin jirgin sama zai iya bambanta daga wasu a cikin layout, wanda rinjayar da aiki daga gare shi. Saboda haka, da jirgin sama rarrabuwa za a iya sanya bisa ga daban-daban sharudda, sarki daga cikinsu - ne zane fasali da kuma manufa jirgin sama. By saduwa aerosuda ne farar hula da kuma soja.

Bambance-bambance ya kuma inganta iri-iri da jirgin sama, na iya shafar da wadannan abubuwa da kuma sigogi: engine layout zažužžukan, airspeed, salla.

By jirgin sama nauyi sigogi iya zama: superheavy, nauyi, matsakaici da kuma haske. A cewar jirgin gudun: subsonic, transonic, supersonic, hypersonic. A karshen ne wani sabon nau'in jirgin sama, wanda yake iya yin ultra-sauri flights a tsawon 100 km. Amma ga powerplant, da rarrabuwa sharudda su ne: da yawan injuna (1 to 12), matsayin su (a cikin fuselage, wani reshe) da kuma irin (ciki konewa injuna, roka propulsion tsarin, dunƙule, mai amsawa, electrically).

Dangane da tsari, da jirage suna classified bisa ga wadannan sharudda:

• daya daga cikin fuka-fuki, da kuma wuri.
• yanayi wutsiya tsari.
• rubuta shasi.
• da irin da kuma girma na fuselage.

Nau'in na fasinja a jirgin sama

Aircraft tsara don farar hula dalilai, dauke da fasinjoji, dukan kaya da kuma mail. Za su iya zama a matsayin flights daga kananan da kuma matsakaici- kuma dogon zango. Commercial jiragen sama na iya bambanta a kan yawan kujerun (8 zuwa 700). Da nufin yin amfani da wadannan tasoshin za a iya raba:

• fasinja.
• kaya;
• kaya;
• m (amfanin gona spraying da kuma aiki).
• kiwon lafiya;
• horo (for matukan jirgi).
• wasanni model ga jirgin sama wasanni.

Daga cikin mafi kowa fasinja jirage ne da wadannan model: da Tu-154, Tu-134, Il-62, Il-86, Il-96, Airbus A330, A320, A310, Boeing 737, Boeing-747, Boeing-767. The most da kuma mafi fili irin jirgin sama na karusa na fasinjoji - da Airbus A380. Domin da zarar wannan na'urar ne iya shari har zuwa 700 mutane a nesa na game da dubu 15. Km.

Nau'in na fama da jirgin sama

A jirgin sama nasarar amfani ba kawai a cikin zaman lafiya amma kuma ga soja dalilai don yin tunãni maƙiyi kai hare-hare da kuma buga da abokan sojojin daga cikin iska.

Fama da jirgin sama zai iya zama daban-daban, musamman da ake da muradi:

• kai harin bama-bamai sauke a kan soja ikon abokan gaba.
• raketo- da torpedo.
• mayakan aka tsara don tare iska hari da makiya;
• interceptors.
• MOTA KE SHAN MAI capacitances suna bayar da man fetur da kuma aiki da manufa ta farko - MOTA KE SHAN MAI jirgin sama cikin iska.
• transporters shari zama dole domin fama da jirgin sama.