Pitting lalata: Yanã. kare karafa da lalata hanyoyin

Lalata kira halakar da surface aiki kayan a sakamakon jurewa redox tafiyar matakai. Halakar abu yadudduka take kaiwa zuwa asarar ƙarfi, lantarki watsin, ta ƙara brittleness da sauran kaddarorin da karfe hanawa.

A cikin aiki daga karfe kayayyakin an hõre ta tareda žata effects daban-daban iri da iri, tsakanin wanda tsaye daga pitting. Shi ne mai hatsari da kuma unpredictable.

pitting lalata

A surface daga karfe kayayyakin shi ba nadiri ga kananan depressions cikin sharuddan ruwan kasa ko ruwan kasa. Wadannan masana kimiyya kira pitting batu, da kuma aiwatar da su bayyanar - pitting. Yana auku a farfajiya na kayan a lamba tare da teku ruwa mafita daga daban-daban salts, chemically m ruwaye da kuma ji da sauran korau abubuwan.

Pitting lalata rinjayar kawai m karafa da kuma gami, masu tasowa, yafi a cikin lalata Layer ko da wuraren daban-daban lahani. "Point ulcers" na iya tsoma baki tare da aiki na daban-daban kayayyakin daga bakin ciki membranes da kwakwalwan kwamfuta da m-walled raka'a. Haka kuma, su bayyanar da lalata facilitates da samuwar fasa da aka ma rage ba kayan halaye.

Students karfe karaya

Don kunna pitting bukatar gaban biyu reactants - activators da sequestrants. Kamar yadda wani activator anions na chlorine sau da yawa aiki, bromine, aidin - an same su a mafi mahalli wanda acikin karfe kayayyakin da ake sarrafa. Suna adsorbed uwa da karfe surface da kuma samar da da da aka gyara narkewa gidaje.

Kamar yadda passivating ruwa ko hydroxyl kungiyar sau da yawa ya yi aikin. Nan da nan halaka aiwatar fitowa bisa ga wadannan makirci:

1. Activator ions suna adsorbed a farfajiya na m (oxide) film.
2. Akwai wani tsari na canzawa daga oxygen ions su ga tsari na activator ions.
3. A babban adadin narkewa ions, inda fim karya.

A sakamakon haka, wani m bambanci auku a kan surface daga cikin kayan da take kaiwa zuwa gida igiyoyin kunna m anodic tsari. Activator ions haka mayar da su cikin cibiyoyin karaya, saboda abin da pitting lalata ci gaba.

Iri na pitting lalata

Rubuta pitting lalata dabam dangane da muhalli da yanayi, yafi a kan zazzabi, PH, da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na abubuwa. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da wadannan dalilai dabam form rami size da su tsari. Saboda haka, bisa ga girman da ya zama ruwan dare batu halaka:

• microscopic - dot size kasa da 0.1 mm;
• na al'ada - diamita daga cikin rami dabam tsakanin 0.1 da kuma 1 mm;
• ulcerative lokacin da samuwar wuce 1 mm a diamita.

Ya danganta da wurin da pitting lalata iya zama a bude ko rufe. A cikin farko case, to gane burbushi na halaka ne kusan ba zai yiwu - wajibi ne a yi amfani da musamman kida. Wannan irin lalata sau da yawa take kaiwa zuwa breakdowns.

Open rusting m ga tsirara ido. Sau da yawa pitting ci a cikin guda mahaluži. Lokacin da wannan ya auku babu ƙasƙanci daga cikin kayan a cikin zurfin kuma a fadin, saboda wanda akwai babban yankin lahani.

nau'i na rami

A tsari na pitting dogara a kan voids a cikin crystal raga wadda aka kafa a cikin ta farko matakai na lalata tsari. A mafi m samuwar sababbu siffar - da suka faru a farfajiya na bakin karfe, carbon da low gami steels, aluminum, chromium, nickel gami, da baƙin ƙarfe.

Hemispherical ulcers nunawa a sakamakon da isotropic rushe. Wannan tsari ne kama da electro. A wani bangare wannan bayani ne game da m kasa na Semi-madauwari tududa. Mafi saukin kamuwa da irin wannan wulakanci, titanium, aluminum, nickel da kuma cobalt kayayyakin, kazalika da tsarin Tantalite. Aƙalla guda jinsunan yana da wani pitting na bakin steels.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, pitting iya zama polyhedral da faceted. "Ulcers" na karshen irin sukan hade da juna, wadda take kaiwa zuwa wani babban hemispherical halaka.

Sanadin

Babban haddasawa faru na pitting lalata ne a kan samar da fasaha da kuma inji mataki a kan abu. A sakamakon disturbances a cikin karfe zaben 'yan wasa fasahar bayyana iri-iri microinclusions cewa rushe da tsarin. Mafi na kowa hada za a iya kira niƙa sikelin.

Saboda da inji mataki ne sau da yawa sosai a kan surface na samfurin fara ci gaba pitting. A dalilan da wannan ƙarya a cikin halakar da babba m film, karya da ciki tsari, barin surface na hatsi iyakoki. Mafi na kowa tsari na kunna factor ne tsauri sakamako, wadda take kaiwa zuwa bayyanar microcracks.

Pitting lalata da karafa ne masu tasowa, da sauri a kan m saman, kazalika da a ƙarƙashin rinjayar m kafofin watsa labarai - teku ruwa, acidic mafita.

Hanyar domin kare karfe daga lalata pitting

Don kare karfe kayayyakin da pitting amfani uku main hanyoyi:

1. Kawar rufe tsarin yin amfani da mafita daga alkaline mahadi, sulfates, chromates.
2. Gabatarwa daga cikin kayan da aka gyara tare da high jure rusting na wani batu - na molybdenum, chromium, silicon.
3. Amfani da anode da cathode fasahar ƙirƙirar m Layer.

Duk da hanyoyin kare karafa daga lalata shi ne kawai zartar da samar da, bukatar high-tech kayan aiki da kuma babban birnin kasar zuba jari. A rayuwar yau da kullum ne gaba daya ya kawar da hadarin pitting ba zai yiwu ba. Yana iya kawai raunana tasiri barnatar da mukaddashin dalilai da:

• da ake ji anticorrosive coatings.
• inganta aiki na irin kayayyakin.
• rage matakin na acidity, wanda shi ne a lamba tare da kayan.

Amma mafi tasiri da kuma samuwa hanya ne zuwa a hankali goge: rage surface roughness, ka lokaci guda qara ta lalata juriya. Amma ga kyakkyawan sakamako, mafi amfani da duk hanyoyin kare karafa da lalata a lokaci guda.