A na'ura da kuma aiki manufa na shigar da mota. Asynchronous motor type: aiki manufa, description da kuma aiki

Kamar yadda da mafi Motors, AC shigar da mota (BP) yana da wani ajali m ɓangare wanda ake matsayin stator da kuma na'ura mai juyi juyawa a ciki. Tsakanin su akwai hankali lasafta iska rata.

Yaya ta yi aiki?

Design da kuma aiki na asynchronous Motors, kamar dukan sauran mutane, ta dogara ne a kan gaskiyar cewa actuate da motsi na da na'ura mai juyi amfani da Magnetic filin juyawa. Uku-lokaci AD ne kawai irin mota, a cikin abin da aka halitta a wani halitta hanya saboda yanayi na iko. A DC Motors da shi yana amfani da inji ko lantarki sharuddan sauyawa, kuma a guda-lokaci AD - Ƙarin lantarki aka gyara.

Don aiki da mota, dole ne ka guda biyu sets na electromagnets. The aiki manufa na shigar da mota ne cewa daya sa aka kafa a cikin stator kamar yadda ta zuwa ga Tuddan alaka AC Madogararsa. A cewar Lenz ta shari'a, shi yanã a cikin na'ura mai juyi na electromagnetic karfi (EMF) a cikin wannan hanya a matsayin ƙarfin lantarki jawo a sakandare Tuddan na gidan wuta, da samar da wani sa na electromagnets. Saboda haka wani sunan BP - shigar da mota. A na'ura da kuma aiki na asynchronous Motors dogara ne a kan manufa da cewa hulda tsakanin Magnetic filayen daga wadannan electromagnets ya haifar da wani torsional karfi. A sakamakon haka, da na'ura mai juyi rotates a cikin shugabanci na cikin sakamakon karfin juyi.

stator

A stator kunshi mahara bakin ciki faranti na aluminum ko jefa baƙin ƙarfe. Suna guga man juna ta samar da wata m core Silinda da GROOVES. Suna kwantar da makaran wayoyi. Kowace kungiya na windings tare da kewaye core bayan da ake ji da shi siffofin alternating halin yanzu electromagnet. Yawan AD sandunan dogara da ciki sadarwa na stator windings. An sanya irin wannan cewa lokacin da a haɗa da ikon tushen kafa juyawa Magnetic filin.

na'ura mai juyi

A na'ura mai juyi kunshi dama na bakin ciki karfe faranti da kuma gaba ɗaya ya kamanta game da periphery na aluminum sanduna ko jan karfe. A ta rare irin - shorted ko "kurege keji", - a iyakar da sandunansu ana mechanically da kuma electrically da alaka da zobba. Kusan 90% na BP yana amfani da wannan zane, domin shi ne mai sauki ne kuma abin dogara. A na'ura mai juyi kunshi wani cylindrical laminated core tare da axially layi daya GROOVES shirya shigarwa conductors. A kowane tsagi fit sanda na jan karfe, aluminum ko wani gami. Su ne short-circuited a garesu tare da karshen zobba. Wannan zane yayi kama da kurege keji, saboda abin da kuma samu wani dace sunan.

da na'ura mai juyi ramummuka ba quite layi daya zuwa shaft. Suna sanya tare da kananan skew saboda dalilai biyu. Na farko shi ne tabbatar da m aiki na jini ta rage Magnetic amo da harmonics. Na biyu shi ne don rage alama na na'ura mai juyi snagging: ta hakora tafiyar da stator Ramin saboda kai tsaye Magnetic janye therebetween. Wannan na faruwa a lokacin da adadin su ne guda. A na'ura mai juyi yana a muhallinsa a kan shaft ta wajen bearings a kowane karshen. Daya bangare ne yawanci fiye da sauran, domin aza tuki. A wasu injuna a rago ƙarshen shaft saka gudun na'urori masu auna sigina ko matsayi.

Tsakanin stator da kuma na'ura mai juyi akwai wani iska rata. Ta hanyar samar da makamashi canja wuri. A generated karfin juyi Yanã shigar da na'ura mai juyi zuwa juya da load. Ko da kuwa da irin na'ura mai juyi, da na'ura da kuma aiki manufa na shigar da mota ya zauna canzawa. Yawanci, jini suna classified bisa ga yawan stator windings. Rarrabe tsakanin guda da kuma uku lokaci lantarki Motors.

Design da kuma aiki na single-lokaci shigar da mota

Single-lokaci jini lissafta ga mafi girma a ɓangare na lantarki Motors. Shi ne ma'ana cewa akalla tsada da kuma cheesy zuwa sabis ɗin engine fi amfani da shi. Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, da dalili, da mataki na shigar da mota manufa na da irin wannan su ne bisa gaban daya kawai stator Tuddan da guda-lokaci ikon Madogararsa. Duk da irin wannan jini na'ura mai juyi ne wani kurege.

Single-lokaci Motors ba a fara a kan nasu. Lokacin da mota da aka haɗa ta da ikon samar da babban Tuddan alternating halin yanzu fara gudãna daga. Yana haifar da wani pulsed Magnetic filin. Saboda da shigar da na'ura mai juyi ne da kuzari. Tun da babban Magnetic filin hatsaisai, da karfin juyi ake bukata kafin a juya cikin mota, ba a generated. A na'ura mai juyi fara makarkata maimakon juya. Saboda haka, domin guda-lokaci AD bukatar a jawo. Tana iya samar da farko impetus, haifar da shaft motsa.

An fara inji shi ne guda-lokaci jini kunshi yafi na ƙarin stator Tuddan. Ta iya bi cikin jerin capacitor da centrifugal canji. Lokacin da irin ƙarfin lantarki wadata halin yanzu babban Tuddan ƙarfin lantarki ta ~ uka komai saboda da juriya. A lokaci guda, da wutar lantarki a wurin farawa Tuddan ne a baya, ko gaba na samar da irin ƙarfin lantarki bisa ga impedance na jawo. Hulda tsakanin Magnetic filayen generated da babban Tuddan kuma a fara kewaye haifar da resultant Magnetic filin. Yana rotates a daya shugabanci. A na'ura mai juyi fara kunna a cikin shugabanci na resultant Magnetic filin.

Lokacin da mota gudu kai game da 75% na maras muhimmanci darajar, da centrifugal canza disconnects farkon Tuddan. Bugu da ari, engine iya kula da isasshen karfin juyi ta yi aiki da kansa. Fãce Motors da musamman farawa capacitor, duk guda-lokaci Motors, suna yawanci amfani da su janye ikon ba wucewa 500 watts. Dangane daban-daban farawa hanyoyin, da guda-lokaci AD ne kara classified, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin wadannan sassan.

BP tsaga lokaci

Aiki na'urar da kuma aiki da asynchronous mota tare da tsaga lokaci dangane da amfani a cikinsa, na biyu windings da fara core. Shirin mai gabatarwa da aka yi da wani karami waya diamita da kuma m jũya dangi zuwa ga main, don ƙirƙirar wani fi juriya. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu to Orient ta Magnetic filin a wani kwana. Ya bambanta daga shugabanci na babban Magnetic filin, wadda take kaiwa zuwa juyawa daga cikin na'ura mai juyi. Aiki nada, wanda aka yi da wayoyi na ya fi girma diamita, da mota aiki a cikin sauran lokaci.

Masomin ne low, kullum daga 100 zuwa 175% na maras muhimmanci. A engine yana amfani da wani babban farawa halin yanzu. Shi ne 7-10 sau fi maras muhimmanci. Matsakaicin karfin juyi ne ma 2.5-3.5 sau more. Wannan irin mota da aka yi amfani da kananan grinder, magoya kuma blowers, kazalika a wasu aikace-aikace bukata low karfin juyi damar daga 40 zuwa 250 watts. Kauce wa yin amfani da irin wannan injuna inda m hawan keke na a-kashe ko bukatar high karfin juyi.

BP ya fara capacitor

Condenser irin shigar da mota da kuma ta manufa na aiki dogara ne a kan gaskiyar cewa fara nada don ta tsaga lokaci capacitance alaka a jerin, samar farko "bugun jini". Kamar yadda a baya bambance-bambancen karatu na injuna, akwai kuma wani centrifugal canji. Yana raunana fara kewaye a lokacin da motor gudu kai 75% na maras muhimmanci. Tun da capacitor an haɗa a jerin, shi halitta mai girma farawa karfin juyi, kai 4.2-Musulunci na aiki. A lokacin da na fara halin yanzu shi ne yawanci a maras 4,5-5,75 sau, wanda shi ne muhimmanci ƙananan fiye da a cikin hali na tsaga-lokaci, saboda ya fi girma wayoyi a fara Tuddan.

A modified embodiment bambanta Starter mota da kuma ciki juriya. A irin wannan engine iya aiki aka maye gurbinsu a resistor. Resistance da ake amfani a kuma waɗannan lokuta inda wani m farawa karfin juyi fiye da amfani da wani capacitor. Bugu da kari ga ƙananan kudin, shi ba ya bayar da abũbuwan amfãni a kan capacitive farko. Wadannan injuna suna amfani da raka'a tare da bel drive: kananan conveyors, manyan magoya kuma farashinsa, kazalika da yawa a cikin na'urori tare da kai tsaye drive ko da kaya.

AD tare da wani aiki lokaci-canjawa capacitor

A na'ura da kuma aiki da shigar da mota na irin wannan su ne bisa dindindin dangane da capacitor da alaka a jerin da farko Tuddan. Bayan exiting da engine a rated gudun zama karin farawa kewaye. Tun da ganga ya kamata a tsara don ci gaba da amfani, shi ba zai iya samar da farko bugun jini farawa capacitor. A lokacin da na fara karfin juyi na wannan mota low. Shi ne 30-150% na maras muhimmanci. An fara halin yanzu shi ne kananan - kasa da 200% na maras muhimmanci, abin da ya sa wutar lantarki Motors na irin wannan manufa inda ake bukata m ya sauya sheka a kuma kashe.

Wannan zane yana da abũbuwan amfãni. Makirci ne sauƙin modified don amfani da gudun kula. Electric Motors za a iya kaga ga ganiya dace da kuma babban iko factor. Su suna dauke da mafi m da guda-lokaci Motors kullum saboda centrifugal fara canza ba a amfani da su. Suna amfani da magoya, blowers, kuma sau da yawa sun hada da wani na'urar. Alal misali, a cikin daidaituwa sunadaran, tsarin na bude ƙofofin da gareji kofofin.

BP da fara da gudu capacitor

A na'ura da kuma aiki manufa na shigar da mota na irin wannan su ne bisa bi da bi farawa capacitor da alaka da fara nada. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu don ƙirƙirar mafi karfin juyi. Bugu da kari, yana da wani m capacitor da alaka a jerin tare da karin Tuddan bayan fara kashe da ganga. Wannan makirci damar manyan obalodi karfin juyi.

Wannan irin engine aka tsara don ƙananan cikakken load igiyoyin, wadda tabbatar da wadata. Wannan zane ne mafi m saboda gaban na farawa, aiki capacitor da centrifugal canji. Amfani da woodworking inji, iska compressors, babban matsin ruwa farashinsa, injin farashinsa da kuma inda high karfin juyi ake bukata. Power - daga 0.75 zuwa 7.5 kW.

BP da shaded iyakacin duniya

Design da kuma aiki na wani shigar da mota na irin wannan kunshi a gaskiyar cewa shi yana daya kawai babban Tuddan kuma babu tashi. Fara aka sanya domin a kananan rabo a kusa da kowace daga cikin stator sandunan yana da wani da tsare jan zobe, inda Magnetic filin a cikin wannan yanki bayan da filin a cikin unshielded rabo. The hulda biyu filayen take kaiwa zuwa juyawa daga cikin shaft.

Tun da babu wani tashi-up nada ko capacitor ko sauyawa, da mota ne electrically sauki da kuma m. Bugu da kari, ta gudu za a iya sarrafawa da sãɓãwar launukansa da irin ƙarfin lantarki ko a Tuddan rake. A engine zane tare da kare sandunan damar taro samar. An yawanci dauke da wani "daya-kashe", kamar yadda yana da yawa mai rahusa don maye gurbin fiye da gyara. Bugu da kari ga m halaye, a irin wannan tsari yana da yawan drawbacks:

• Low karfin juyi daidai 25-75% na rated darajar.
• high zamewa (7-10%).
• low yadda ya dace (kasa da 20%).

A low farko kudin damar yin amfani da irin wannan jini a low ko infrequently amfani da na'urorin. Muna magana ne game yau da kullum Multi-gudun fan. Amma da low-karshen karfin juyi, low dace da kuma low inji halaye ba da damar su kasuwanci ko masana'antu aikace-aikace.

Uku-lokaci AD

Wadannan Motors suna yadu amfani da masana'antu. Design da kuma aiki na uku-lokaci shigar da mota ne m da ta zane yi - da keji ko rauni na'ura mai juyi. Domin ta jefa ba ya bukatar wani capacitor fara Tuddan, centrifugal canji ko wasu na'urar. An fara batu talakawan, da kuma tsayi, kazalika da} arfi da ya dace. Amfani da nika inji, lathes, hakowa inji, farashinsa, compressors, conveyors, da kuma sauran m kayan aiki.

BP rufe na'ura mai juyi

Wannan uku-lokaci asynchronous mota, aiki ka'idojin da na'ura wanda aka bayyana a sama. Accounting domin kusan 90% na dukan uku-lokaci Motors. Samar ikon 250 watts to da dama da ɗari kilowatts. Idan aka kwatanta da guda-lokaci Motors daga 750 W, su ne mai rahusa da kuma jure nauyi.

BP rauni na'ura mai juyi

Design da Operation na uku-lokaci asynchronous mota tare da zamewa-zobe Motors bambanta daga jini na "kurege keji" cewa na'ura mai juyi yana da wani sa na windings, iyakar abin da ba short-circuited. Suna nuna a kan zamewa zobba. Yana ba ka damar ka haɗa da ita waje resistors da contactors. Matsakaicin karfin juyi ne kai tsaye na gwargwado ga na'ura mai juyi juriya. Saboda haka, a low gudu shi iya kara zuwa kara juriya. High juriya damar samun manyan karfin juyi a low farawa halin yanzu.

Kamar yadda juriya rage-rage hanzari na na'ura mai juyi canza halaye na mota saduwa da kaya da bukatun. Bayan da mota ya kai tushe gudun, external resistors ne naƙasasshe. Kuma lantarki motor aiki a matsayin al'ada jini. Wannan irin shi ne manufa domin high inertial kaya, bukata da aikace-aikace na karfin juyi a kusan sifili gudun. Yana bayar da hanzari zuwa matsakaicin a cikin m lokaci tare da ƙaramar wuta da amfani.

A hasara irin wannan injuna ne cewa zamewa zobba da kuma goge bukatar yau da kullum da tabbatarwa, wanda aka ba da ake bukata domin mota tare da short-circuited na'ura mai juyi. Idan na'ura mai juyi Tuddan aka shorted da kuma sanya wani ƙoƙari na fara (t. E. The na'urar zama misali BP), shi zai zama mai girma a halin yanzu kwarara. Shi ne 14 sau fi girma fiye da rated a sosai low karfin juyi ne 60% na baseline. A mafi yawan lokuta, da aikace-aikace da aka iske ba.

By canza rotational gudun dogara a kan karfin juyi da iko da na'ura mai juyi juriya za a iya bambanta gudun a wani kaya. Yana iya yadda ya kamata a rage su zuwa game da 50% idan kaya na bukatar m karfin juyi da kuma gudun cewa ne na kowa a bugu presses, compressors, conveyors, lifts da lif. Rage kudi a kasa 50% sakamakon a wani sosai low yadda ya dace saboda da iko mafi masha'a a cikin na'ura mai juyi resistances.