Copper - a jiki ko abu? Properties na jan karfe

Aƙalla III Millennium BC aka dauke a miƙa mulki daga dutse a matsayin wani asali masana'antu kayan tagulla. A gyara lokaci aka dauke su a jan karni. Bayan duk wannan fili a wannan lokaci shi ne mafi muhimmanci a cikin shiri, a yi na iyali abubuwa, glassware, da kuma sauran matakai.

A ranar, da jan bai rasa ta munasaba kuma har yanzu a matsayin mai da muhimmanci sosai karfe, sau da yawa amfani da daban-daban bukatun. Copper - a jiki ko abu? Abin da kaddarorin shi ya mallaka da kuma abin da ake bukata? Ka yi kokarin fahimtar da kara.

Janar halaye na jan karfe kashi

Kamar yadda sinadari jan yana da matsayi a cikin lokaci-lokaci tsarin. Yana bi.

1. A karo na hudu mai girma lokaci, na farko jere.
2. Na farko da kungiyar, da sub-kungiyoyin.
3. A jerin lamba 29.
4. Atomic nauyi - 63,546.
5. A lantarki sanyi na cikin matsanancin Layer ¹⁰ da aka bayyana, ta hanyar dabara 3d 4s ^1.

A kashi na biyu barga halitta isotopes da taro lambobi 63 da kuma 65. A Latin sunan cuprum kashi, wanda ya bayyana ta da sinadaran alama ce Cu. A dabarbari karanta kamar "cuprum", Rasha sunan - tagulla.

Copper - a jiki ko abu?

Don amsa wannan tambaya, shi wajibi ne don fara zuwa ayyana sharuddan "abu" da "jiki". Suna karatu da wani makaranta matakan, kamar yadda su ne muhimman hakkokin. Daga cikin ra'ayi na kimiyya a cikin sunadarai da kimiyyar lissafi, wani abu dauke su duk kayan da gine domin wasu abubuwa. Wannan shi ne, misalai na abubuwa zai iya bauta wa duk sinadaran mahadi biyu kwayoyin da inorganic yanayi.

Jiki - ne abu da kanta, wanda shi ne kawai daga wasu abu. Sun iya artificially gina ta mutum, ko kuma zama na halitta asali. Misalai tel: kusoshi, windows, faranti, tebur, kabad, flower tukunya da sauransu.

Don rarrabe tsakanin wadannan biyu Concepts, mu bayar da wasu misalai kamanta.

1. Sugar - wani abu Lollipop - jiki.
2. Iron - wani abu da ƙusa - jiki.
3. Box - jiki, gilashin - wani abu.

Ya tabbata daga wadannan sharudda cewa wannan tambaya: "Copper - a jiki ko abu?" - amsar ne unequivocal. Wannan abu. Yanzu, idan muka tafi a kan wani jan karfe farantin ko wani jan zobe, sa'an nan, ba shakka, daya ya kamata magana da su a matsayin jiki.

A cikin sharuddan sunadarai, jan - shi ne mai abu na ga category na karfe. Shi yana da yawan matukar muhimmanci da kaddarorin wadda underlie da fadi da yin amfani da wannan fili.

A sauki abu na jan karfe - maras ferrous karfe

Kamar yadda muka nuna, jan - karfe. Duk da haka, ba duk 'yan wannan kungiya na abubuwa ne m, a da halaye. Akwai taushi da kuma m, fari da rawaya, ja karafa da sauransu. Copper kuma ya shafi wadanda ba ferrous m karafa.

A lantarki tsarin ta atoms ya sa ya yiwu a daidai ƙayyade, jan - a karfe ko nonmetal. Bayan duk, a waje matakin yana daya kawai electron, wanda ke nufin cewa shi ne iya sauƙi ba da baya, da nuna hali karfe rage Properties. Saboda haka, da cewa shi ya kamata a classified daidai karafa na iya zama babu shakka. Wannan ne ma nuna ta jiki Properties na ta sauki abu.

jiki Properties

Copper - wani abu ko jiki? Tabbata daga cikin correctness na amsar iya kawai a yi la'akari da jiki Properties. Idan muka magana game da wannan kashi a matsayin mai sauki abu, shi ne halin da wadannan sa na fasali domin shi.

1. Metal ja.
2. Soft da sosai malleable.
3. Excellent zafi shugaba da kuma lantarki shugaba.
4. Ba tsaurin, da narkewa zafin jiki ne 1084.5 ⁰ C.
5. The yawa ne 8.9 g / cm ^3.
6. A yanayi, sami yafi a 'yan qasar form.

Saboda haka, shi dai itace cewa da jan - wani abu da aka sani tun tsufa kanta. A kan tushen da ta zamanin da ya haifar da yawa gine-gine ginen, samar glassware da iyali abubuwa.

sinadaran Properties

Daga cikin ra'ayinsa na reactivity, jan - wannan jiki, ko abu da ciwon low ikon mu'amala. Akwai biyu main hadawan abu da iskar shaka Jihar wannan kashi, a cikin wancan shi farfado sadarwa. Su ne:

• +1.
• 2.

Qalilan ne wani al'amari a cikin abin da data dabi'u ana maye gurbinsu da uku.

Kamar haka, jan iya hulɗa tare da:

• iska.
• carbon dioxide.
• hydrochloric acid da kuma wasu sauran mahadi kawai a sosai high yanayin zafi.

Duk wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa karfe surface Forms m oxide fim. Wannan ta kare shi daga m hadawan abu da iskar shaka, da kuma yake koyar da zaman lafiya da kuma m.

Daga sauki da jan mahadi iya maida martani tare da:

• halogens.
• selenium.
• cyanide.
• m.

Sau da yawa halitta hadaddun mahadi ko biyu salts. Kusan duk hadaddun mahadi wannan kashi, fãce oxides - guba abubuwa. Wadanda kwayoyin da cewa samar da monovalent jan an sauƙi oxidized zuwa divalent wakilan.

aikace-aikace

Copper - cakuda ko tsarki abu ne a kowane wadannan jihohi da aka yadu a yi amfani da masana'antu da kuma rayuwar yau da kullum. Yana yiwuwa a designate dama manyan masana'antu amfani da jan karfe mahadi, kuma m karfe.

1. Fata masana'antu, a cikin abin da wasu daga cikin gishiri amfani.
2. Yi na Jawo da siliki.
3. Yi na takin zamani da shuka kariya daga kwari (bluestone).
4. Copper gami suna yadu amfani da masana'antu na mota.
5. Shipbuilding, aviakonstruktsii.
6. Lantarki, a cikinsa jan aka yi amfani saboda kyau lalata juriya da kuma high lantarki da kuma thermal watsin.
7. Daban-daban kayan aiki.
8. Production na glassware da iyali abubuwa na darajar tattalin arziki.

Babu shakka cewa a duk da yawa daruruwan shekaru, da karafa kawai ƙarfafa matsayinsa da kuma tabbatar da daraja da kuma indispensability a cikin aikace-aikace.

Copper gami da dũkiyõyinsu

Akwai da yawa na jan-tushen gami. Ta na da babban fasaha halaye, kamar yadda za a iya sauƙi ga a ƙirƙira da kuma yi birgima, shi ne haske da isasshe da karfi. Duk da haka, Ƙara muhimmanci inganta Properties na wasu aka gyara.

A wannan yanayin, ya kamata ka tambayi tambaya: "Copper - wani abu ko jiki jiki, a lokacin da ta je ta gami?" Amsar zai zama: wannan abu. All guda, shi ne kawai zuwa gare su, muddin wani jiki na zahiri za a yi na wani gami da cewa shi ne mai takamaiman samfurin.

Menene jan gami?

1. Kusan daidai hade da tagulla, da tutiya a wani abun da ke ciki kira tagulla. Wannan gami da babban karfin da juriya ga sinadaran hari.
2. Tin tagulla - mai hade da tagulla, da kuza.
3. Melchior - nickel da kuma jan a cikin wani rabo na 20/80 100. amfani da kayan ado.
4. Constantan - mai hade da nickel, tagulla da kuma manganese ƙari.

A akanta

Ba haka muhimmanci, jan - wani abu ko jiki. Muhimmanci sauransu. Mene ne muhimmancin jan a cikin rãyuwar rayayyun kwayoyin halitta? Sai dai itace cewa da muhimmanci sosai. Saboda haka, ions na karfe da wadannan ayyuka.

1. Da hannu a cikin canji na baƙin ƙarfe ions a haemoglobin.
2. Su aiki mahalarta a cikin matakai na ci gaba da haifuwa.
3. Bada assimilated amino acid tyrosine, Saboda haka zai shafi nuni da launi na gashi kuma fata.

Idan jiki hasarar aiki kashi a bukata yawa, sa'an nan a can iya zama m cutar. Alal misali, anemia, gashi hasara, m thinness da sauransu.