Sassan na Commonwealth kuma da tarihi muhimmanci

Daya daga cikin mafi iko jihohi a Turai da tsakiyar na biyu Millennium - Poland - da XVIII karni ya zama kasar tsage baya da ciki saba wa juna, shafin na contestation tsakanin kasashen makwabta - Rasha, Prussia, Austria. Sassan na Commonwealth zama halitta aiwatar da ci gaban wannan kasar.

Babban dalilin da rikicin, a cikin abin da ya rataya da Polish jihar, shi ne rashin jituwa na most Polish magnates, kowanne daga abin da, a daya hannun, ya nemi ta kowane hali ga shugabancin siyasa, a daya hannun, ya nemi goyon bayan a kasashe makwabta, ta haka ne bude up kasarsa zuwa kasashen waje tasiri.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa, duk da cewa Poland wani daular mulkinsu, da sarauta da iko ya gwada da rauni. Da farko, King of Poland, aka zaba a Diet, a cikin abin da aikin a ko'ina cikin XVIII karni ya tsoma baki tare da Rasha da kuma Faransa, Prussia da kuma Austria. Abu na biyu, daya daga cikin manyan ka'idojin aiki na Seimas ya "liberum kujerar naƙi" a lokacin da wata shawarar da za a dauka da cikakken duk ba. Daya kuri'a "da" ya isa ga muhawara ta barke tare da sabunta kuzari.

Domin Rasha, da Yaren mutanen Poland tambaya ya dade da daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci a cikin kasashen waje da manufofin. Its ainihi shi ne ba kawai domin karfafa da tasiri a cikin kasashen Turai, amma kuma kare hakkin na Orthodox yawan jama'a, da ke zaune a yankin ƙasar zamani Ukraine da kuma Baltic jihohi.

Wannan shi ne halin da ake ciki na Orthodox yawan zama dalilin da ya sa na farko bangare na Poland. Catherine II gwamnati ta amince da Sarki Stanislavom Ponyatovskim a kan gyara daga cikin hakkokin da Orthodox da Katolika yawan jama'a, amma a babban ɓangare na nobility cewa tsayayya, kuma suka kangare. Rasha, Prussia da Austria aka tilasta tura dakaru a cikin ƙasa na Commonwealth, abin da kyakkyawan ba da Prussian sarki Frederick II damar magana a kan rabo daga cikin Yaren mutanen Poland asashe. Sassan na Commonwealth zama dole ya faru gaskiya.

A sakamakon farko bangare na Poland a 1772 mayar da su cikin Rasha ƙasa na Belarus da kuma gabacin ba-rana Latvia, Prussia samu da Polish Coast na Arewa Sea, da kuma Austria - Galicia.

Duk da haka, wannan bangare na Poland ya ba karshen. Sashe na daga cikin Yaren mutanen Poland nobility na cike da sanin cewa domin ya cece su da kasar da ake bukata kyautata harkokin siyasa. Tare da wannan manufa a cikin 1791 da aka tallafi na kundin tsarin mulki na Poland, a cikin abin da sarauta da iko ya daina zama zaɓe na, da kuma manufa na "liberum kujerar naƙi" an soke ta. Irin canje da aka hadu da tuhuma a Turai, inda kawai kai da ganiya Great Faransa juyin juya halin. Rasha da kuma Prussia sake-shigar da Polish da sojojin a cikin iyaka da kuma ya fara wani sabon sashe da zarar m jihar.

Kamar yadda na biyu bangare na Poland a 1793 Rasha kõma da dama-banki Ukraine, Belarus da kuma Tsakiya da kuma Prussia ya coveted shi Gdansk, wanda ta nan da nan canja sunan zuwa Danzig.

Irin ayyuka na kasashen Turai ya haifar da farko Polish National Liberation Movement karkashin jagorancin T. Kosciuszko. Amma wannan yunkuri da aka gilla mur da sojojin Rasha jagorancin Alexander Suvorov. Uku bangare na Poland a 1795 ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa wannan jiha ya daina wanzuwa: tsakiyar ɓangare, tare da Warsaw aka hakura da wani to Prussia, Courland, Lithuania, Western Belarus - Rasha, da kuma ta Kudu Poland Krakow - to Austria.

Sassan na Commonwealth dangane da Rasha kammala aiwatar da sauyin da na Rasha, Ukrainian da Belarushiyanci mutane da ba Yunƙurin wajen ci gaba da al'adu da ci gaba.