Jamhuriyar Poland

Rzeczpospolita wata kasa ce wadda aka kafa a karni na sha shida a gabashin Turai. A abun da ke ciki na sabon ikon hada da Grand Duchy na Lithuania da ƙasashensu (gaskiya Lithuanian kuma a haɗe) da kuma Poland da wannan ƙasashe. Jihar ta wanzu kimanin ƙarni biyu, har sai da mummunan mutanen Austro-Hungary da Rasha suka raba ƙasashen Commonwealth. A farko sashe na Commonwealth qaddamar karshen wata babbar kasa, wadda take da haske page a lokacin da tarihi.

Don haka, haɓaka kasashe biyu sun kasance sananne daga ƙarshen karni na sha huɗu. Sa'an nan kuma, domin kare kansu daga Dokar Teutonic, Poland da Lithuania sun kafa wata rundunar soja ta wucin gadin-siyasa don kori abokan gaba. Wannan ƙungiyar ta kasance ta ƙaddara ta hanyar yin auren da ke tsakanin Lithuanian Jagail da kuma Jadwiga. Hakanan mulkin sarakuna ya zama alaka, haka kuma iko. Amma kamar yadda muka sani, babu wani abu mafi m fiye da wucin gadi, don haka wannan soja da siyasa alliance ci gaba da zama cikin salama a karkashin shiryarwar farko wakilin Lithuanian daular, sa'an nan - da Yaren mutanen Poland. Daga bisani, sandunansu sun fi samun nasara a helm, wanda a gaskiya yake amfani da iko a jihar.

Irin wannan kusantarwa ya kasance ta hanyar da ta dace a kusa da Poles da Lithuanians. Wadannan kasashe biyu suna da yawa a kowa, duk da muhimman bambance-bambance, misali a bangaskiya. Duk da haka, kadan fiye da shekara ɗari, wannan ƙawance ya kasance da daidaituwa.

Bisa ga tsarin da aka samu na Commonwealth ya yi shekaru ɗari da hamsin daga bisani, a cikin 1569. Domin wannan jam'iyya bayar da shawarar da garesu, musamman da Lithuania wanda ya nemi daidaita hakkokin da Yaren mutanen Poland gentry. Daga bisani, Poles sun dade suna da idanu akan ƙasashen da suka fi dacewa a ƙasar Ukrainian, mafi yawa daga cikinsu shine wani ɓangare na Grand Duchy na Lithuania.

An kafa Rzeczpospolita a Lublin Seim, wanda ya hada wakilai daga kasashe biyu. Gidajen da ke Sejm a fili sun kare ra'ayin da cikakken shiga cikin ƙasashen Lithuania a Rzeczpospolita. A wani ɓangare na Lithuania akwai shawarwari don kammala ƙungiya mai adalci. A Lublin Sejm an rufe shi ta hanyoyi masu yawa daga Poles. Lithuanians ko da ya kamata su bar tattaunawar domin su yi watsi da halin da ake ciki kuma saya lokaci. A cikin irin wannan rashi, Poland ta sanya kusan dukkanin ƙasashen Ukrainian cikin tsarinsa. A halin yanzu, bangaren Lithuanian ba zai iya jure wa irin wannan maganin ba daga Poles, don haka Lithuania sun yi tsayin daka kan matsalolin da suka dace, kuma ba a yayata ba, kamar yadda Poland ta nuna. Duk da yake irin wannan tashin hankali ya ci gaba, da kuma ci gaba da Livonian War, wanda da mummunan tasiri a kan Lithuania. Kasashen duniya ba su yarda da Lithuanians su kafa ka'idojin kansu ba, don haka bayan wani lokacin jinkirin Lithuanian ya koma Lublin kuma ya amince da shi a cikin takardun. Daga yanzu, sabuwar jihar ta bayyana akan taswirar Turai - Rzeczpospolita. A dukkanin abubuwan da ya faru a fili ya nuna cewa an yi aiki mai yawa, lokacin da za'a iya samun sulhuntawa. Ƙungiyar biyu na kasashe biyu sun zama kusa da juna.

Rzeczpospolita a yayin da yake kasancewarsa yana da yawa a cikin yakin. Cossacks marasa rinjaye na Ukrainian sun kawo matsala fiye da amfanin su. Kusan dukan lokacin da yake zama, Rzeczpospolita ya yi yaƙin tare da su. Kuma bayan cikar ƙungiyar Ukraine da Rasha, an ƙara sabon abokin gaba. Ko da yake Rasha ta yi yaki da Poles a cikin goyon bayan Ukraine, amma duk da haka ya sami wuri na musamman don ayyukan hadin gwiwa. Saboda haka, bisa ga yarjejeniyar Andrusov, an raba ƙasar Ukrainian. Poland ta sami iko a kan Bankin Dama, amma ta hanyar da aka yi, Rasha, Rzeczpospolita za ta rabu kuma za ta ƙare.