Harald the Good-haired: labarin rayuwar farko na Norway

A farko Sarkin Norway Harald Fairhair mulki a 872-930 shekaru. Ya haɗu a ƙarƙashin ikonsa ga ƙungiyoyin Vikings da ke gaba da su da kuma shirya jiragen ruwa da dama zuwa yamma. Gidan da ya fara tare da Harald ya mallaki Norway har zuwa 1319 (kuma Denmark a 1042 - 1047).

A gwagwarmaya don iko

An haife Harald mai suna Shekarar shekara ta 850 a cikin gidan Halfdan da Black - Sarkin Westfall. Mahaifinsa ya mutu lokacin da yaro yana da shekaru goma. Yayinda Harald yayi girma, sojojin Uncle Guthorm ne suka jagoranci sojojinsa da harkokin siyasa. Yawancin konungs sun fara kwance a kan dukiya na Halfdan, amma duk sun karya baki ɗaya.

Bayan da ya kai gagarumar matsala, Harald, mutumin da ya yi farin ciki, ya sanya kansa manufar hada dukan ƙasashen 'yan uwansa. Ya gaji daga mahaifinsa na zamani kudu maso gabashin Norway, amma ya so more. A 872 Harald ya tafi yaki a kan sarki wanda ya ki yarda da iko mafi kyau na Kyau. Shi ne mai mulkin Herdland Eirik, mai mulkin Rogaland Sulky, da Hadd da Harsh da Hroald Ponury na Telamerka. Duk wadannan konungs sun hada da karfi don kayar da dan dan Halfdan Black.

Na farko na Norway

Lokacin da yake tara sojojinsa zuwa Drakkars, Harald, mai suna Goodly-haired, ya yi tafiya a bakin tekun Norway zuwa kudu maso yammacin kasar - a cikin zuciyar dukiyar abokan hamayyarsa. Wannan yakin basasa ya faru a Havrsfjord - daya daga cikin fjords na bakin teku, inda a yau a cikin tunawa da wannan babban lamari ya zama abin tunawa. Sakamakon yakin ya yanke shawarar ta hanyar kai hare-haren bama-bamai - sojoji da suka kasance suna bauta wa allahn yaki Odin. Wadannan 'yan bindigar sun kai hari kan abokan adawar, suna tsoratar da su.

Don haka Harald, mai suna Haurari, ya lashe nasara mafi muhimmanci a rayuwarsa. Maƙiyansa sun halaka ko sun gudu. Norway ba ta da tsayayya da ikon da aka yi na wannan saurayi Viking. A 872 ya zama na farko na Norway.

Tafiya zuwa yamma

A Harald, 'yan Norweg sun fara kafa yankunan da ba a taɓa gina su ba. An gina sababbin larduna, Helsingyaland da Yamtaland. A lokaci guda kuma, 'yan kasarsa sun gano wuraren da ba a sani ba har sai yanzu - tsibirin Faroe da Iceland. Bayan da Sarkin Harald, 'Yan Sanda suka fara mulki, ba kawai magoya bayansa sun gudu daga kasar ba, har ma duk masu fashi da fashi. Wadannan Vikings zauna a Kirkwall Islands. Kowace lokacin rani, sun kai Norway, suna haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga jama'a.

Da farko Harald ya kare kasarsa, ya tattara sojoji sau daya a shekara kuma yana nazarin teku, wanda ya sha wahala mafi yawa daga masu fashi. Duk da haka, wannan dabarun ba ta da amfani. A ƙarshe, Viking Harald mutumin kirki ya tattara rundunar soja da na ruwa, kuma ya tashi zuwa ga teku. Ya yi yaƙi a Orkney Islands, ya hallaka dukan 'yan gudun hijira a can. Bayan da cewa Norwegians tafi Scotland da kuma cikin tsibiri na Man. Rundunar ta ba su kyauta sosai. Na gode da nasarar da aka yi na yakin neman zabe da kuma sayen sababbin wurare Harald ya kara ƙaruwa sosai.

Yakin da yara

Harald ya nada gwamnonin a larduna ne kawai mutanen da suka fi tsayayyar zuciya da masu gwajin lokaci. Wannan bai yarda da 'ya'yansa ba. Jarls a gare su sun fi girma wadanda ba su kasance cikin dangin sarauta ba. Kowace shekara 'ya'yan sun bukaci iyayensu su sami gado. Yayan Harald yana da yawa (bisa ga daban-daban, game da 20).

Wata rana, 'ya'ya maza biyu, Gudred da Halfdan, sun tara manyan' yan wasa kuma suka kai hari kan jaririn Regnwald. Gidan gwamnan ya kone (an kashe mutane 60 a can), kuma an rushe garuruwan. Harald ya fara yakin da 'ya'yansa maza, waɗanda suka shirya kisan gilla saboda girman kai. Gudred sallama ga jinƙan mahaifinsa kuma aka tafi da shi zuwa Agdir.

Daya daga cikin 'ya'yan Harald, Rannwald firist, wanda ya yi mulki a Hadaland, ya zama mai sihiri da sihiri. Sarki ya ƙi mutane waɗanda suka yi kamar su masu sihiri ne. Addini na arna daga cikin Scandinavia sun haifa abubuwa masu yawa da yawa. Su masu tsalle-tsalle ne da firistoci. Sarki Harald mutumin kirki ya yi la'akari da wadannan litattafan. Ya umurci ɗansa ƙaunatacce Eirik da Blood Sekira ya je Hadaland kuma ya hukunta Wrannwald. Dan maƙwabcin ya shiga cikin mallakar ɗan'uwansa ya ƙone shi tare da 80 masu masu sihiri da masu sihiri.

Ƙasa yankin

Game da 900, lokacin da Harald ya kasance shekaru 50, ya kira wani wakoki (majalisar jama'a). Ya tattauna abin da za a yi da manyan magada na sarki. Kamar yadda ake sa ran, duk 'ya'ya sun karbi sunayen sarauta da dukiya a Norway. Ta haka ne, Harald ya haɓaka ƙa'idodin tsarin mulki da kuma makomar ƙasar nan gaba.

Bisa ga shawarar da Thing, duk masu neman kyauta daga Norway suka halarta, ba a samo sunayen sarakuna ba ne kawai daga 'ya'yan ba, amma da dukan zuriyar sarki. Yarin mata a kan mace ya zama bakuna. Hakanan 'ya'yan Harald suna da hakkin rabin rabin kudin da mahaifinsu ya samu a garuruwansu. Babbar son dan sarki ita ce Eirik, wanda ya karbi sunan da aka lakafta shi da Blood Ax. Wannan magajin ya kasance tare da ubansa kuma bayan mutuwarsa ya mallaki Norway.

Kashewar Harald

'Ya'yan Harald sun sami gādonsu kuma suka ta'azantar da su. Duk da haka, dangantaka tsakanin su ta kasance tens. An zabi Dan Bjorn gwamna a lardin Vestfold tare da babban birninsa a Tunsberg. Ya gudu a cinikin kasuwanci, wanda aka lakaba shi da mai ciniki da Mai ciniki.

Da zarar, bayan wani tafiya zuwa kasashen gabas, Eirik ya koma mahaifinsa a cikin ƙasashen Bjorn. Babban dattijai ya bukaci matasa su ba shi haraji da ake nufi da baitulmalin jihar. Wannan ya saba wa al'ada. Yawancin lokaci Bjorn kansa ya ɗauki haraji ga mahaifinsa ko ya aika da mutanensa. Duk da haka, Eric bai damu ba - dole ne ya kashe kudi mai yawa a kan kungiyar da abubuwan da ke cikin ƙaddarar. Tsakanin 'yan'uwa ya soma rikici. Wannan jayayya ya ƙare lokacin da Eirik, wanda yake da mummunar tashin hankali, ya shiga gidan Bjern tare da tsaurin kai tsaye, kuma ya kashe Marine da mafi kusa da Vikings. Tsohon Harald bai yi wa ɗan fari hukunci ba.

Rikicin da mutuwa

A 930, Harald yana da shekaru 80. A zamaninsa, ya rayu tsawon rai. Kafin mutuwarsa, sarki ya ci gaba da tafiya a kan hanya mai ban mamaki domin Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiya - ya ba dansa kambi yayin da yake da rai. Yin Sarkin Eirik, Harald ya koma gidansa a Rogaland. A wani sabon ƙarfin, ubangidan tsofaffi na wani babban iyalin ya sami haihuwar ɗigo, wanda ake kira mahaifinsa. Yawancin shekaru daga baya ya zama Sarkin Norway Harald II Gray Skin. Yaro ya karbi yawancin halin halayen kirki.

Harald Na mutu shekaru uku bayan da aka kame shi a 933. An binne shi a garin Haugare. Yau akwai majami'a ba da nisa ba. A arewa maso yammacin shi babban dutse, wanda aka binne tsohon Sarkin Norway.

Harald's Legacy

Ga Scandinavia, Harald da Firayiyar da Ragnar Lodbroke su ne manyan shugabanni na farkon zamanai. Na farko shine Sarkin Norway, na biyu - na Denmark. Rabi na biyu na karni na IX - lokacin haihuwa a cikin wadannan ƙasashe. Sarakuna sun zama jagororin mutanensu a kan rikice-rikice na tsohuwar tsarin iyali.

Sarki Harald da 'Yan Sanda da Ragnar Lodbrock a kowace hanyar da za su iya kawar da duk wani ɓangaren rarrabuwa. Nan gaba ya nuna cewa mulkin mallaka na Scandinavia na zamani ya kasance ɗaya ne kawai idan mai mulki yana jin daɗin girmama manyan iyayengiji. Wasu daga magajin Harald sun kasance masu mulki marasa ƙarfi kuma marasa fahimta. Saboda haka, Norway sau da dama ya sake shiga cikin yakin basasa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa lokaci Harald a cikin taro sani na mutane dauke su a ƙwarai zamanin, kuma kowane sarki kokarin zama daidai da shi.

Tarihin tarihi na Norway ya ba 'yan jariri masu yawa da kuma manyan mashahuran ayyukan fasaha. Daga cikin su shi ne Harald mai suna Sarauniya. 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙarnoni daban-daban sun buga shi a yawancin abubuwa. Alal misali, wani fim ne na Soviet-Norwegian "Kuma Bishiyoyi suna Giruwa a kan Itacen" a 1985, da kuma na zamani na Irish-Canadian TV "Vikings".