Iri da kuma sunayen sweets (jerin)

Domin mafi yawan mutane, alewa - a fi so bi da cewa ba zai iya kawai faranta wa dandano, amma kuma zuwa gaisuwa up da kuma ƙara samar da makamashi. Wadannan sweets na daban-daban irin ana shirya domin da dama ƙarni, da kuma sunan da alewa (jerin wanda aka gabatar a cikin labarin) a lokacin da yawa ya canza.
Wannan talifin zai magana game da abin da irin dadi bi samuwa a yau confectionery kasuwanci, da yadda suke sãɓã wa jũna da kuma yadda ake kira.

Lokacin da suka samu a can?

Zaki bi, precursors na mu fi so sweets, kaunace a kasashe daban-daban tun lokacin da. Saboda haka ke dafa na zamanin d Misira halitta da zaƙi da zuma, lemun tsami balm, Iris Tushen, kyauro da kuma kwanakin, da kuma Romawa - daga Boiled poppy tsaba, kwayoyi, zuma da kuma sesame tsaba nauyi. A Rasha kaunace delicacy sanya daga Maple syrup, zuma da kuma molasses.

Candies cewa kama a yau, da aka samar kawai a cikin XVI karni a Italiya. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa an gyara masana'antu samar da sukari, ba tare da wanda ba shi yiwuwa, don samar da sweets. Da farko an zaci cewa shi ne quite wani karfi miyagun ƙwayoyi, da kuma shi aka sayar kawai a Pharmacy. A tsawon lokaci, candied a sugar, suka mai suna cakulan, ya daina zama magunguna, da kuma sun zama mashahuri sweets.

Mene ne wannan?

The kalmar "alewa" ya zo a cikin Rasha harshen daga Italian, inda confetto nufin "kwaya, alewa." Da farko, an yi amfani da Italian harhada magunguna don suna guda na candied 'ya'yan - candied' ya'yan sayar kamar magunguna. Samar da jam'i - "alewa" - ya bayyana da ɗan baya a cikin XIX karni, a lokacin da shi ya zama mashahuri Italian carnivals, a cikin abin da mahalarta jefa confetti a juna - karya ne alewa sanya daga plaster.

Yau, a karkashin sweets dadi irin kek nufa daban-daban a cikin tsari, da bayyanar, dandano da irin zane.

Abin da suke?

Modern kewayon sweets ne don haka mai girma cewa da yawa toye sun zo up sukayi fassara. Mun kuma mamaki da abin da za mu iya saya a kantin sayar da iri sweets, waɗanda sunayensu iya wuya ya bambanta markedly daga daban-daban masana'antun. Mafi mashahuri kuma a bukatar Rasha buyers:

• Caramel. Ya kunshi molasses da kuma sukari.
• Lollipops. Daya daga cikin mafi sauki a yi na confectionery kayayyakin, sakamakon dafa abinci molasses, sugar, ko masara syrup. A samu flavored abun da ke ciki da kuma zuba a cikin na musamman siffofi. Sunan jerin sweets da aka gabatar a kasa.

- caramel alewa.

- alewa a kan wani itace.

- candies a nannade cikin takarda.

- m candies - monpase.

- licorice alewa, ko kuma ruwan zartsi.

- wani elongated ko oblong-dimbin yawa alewa. Sunaye da hotunan irin wannan "sandunansu" da "sandunansu" da aka gabatar a kasa.

• Iris, sau da yawa ake kira toffee. Wannan sunan da suka zo sama da aiki a farkon na XX karni a St. Petersburg Faransa irin kek Morna, da suka ga kama da alewa da petals Iris flower. Suna sanya daga takaice madara, man shanu da kuma sukari da kuma dauke da muhimmanci ga al'ada aiki na jiki ta bitamin B _12. "Tuzik", "Kis-Kis", "Golden Key", "Dairy Ladybirds" - duk sunayen alewa a cikin Soviet zamanin. List butterscotch sa'an nan, kamar yadda ka gani, ya kananan.
• Chocolate candies. Dangane da cika wadannan iri ne fitaccen:

- souffle, kamar da "Bird ta madara", wanda kuma za a iya kira a "m tsuntsu", "tsuntsu Bogorodskaya", "wintergreen" da sauransu.

- gasashe kwayoyi samu daga murƙushe kwayoyi cika sugar, 'ya'yan syrup ko zuma. Waɗannan su ne candies a matsayin "ƙawãtacce kwayoyi a cakulan", "ƙõnuwa hikaya", "Strawberry gasa kwayoyi" da sauran.

- Praline - cakulan alewa cika da frayed da sukari da kuma koko kwayoyi gauraye da brandy ko wani dandano, "toho", "Babaevskie", "Shokonatka", "Juliet".

- barasa dauke a cikin shaƙewa alewa daga sugar syrup ko barasa brandy "cream barasa", "Chocolate Sayar da giya", "blue karammiski".

- a alewa da jelly cika karkashin wani Layer na cakulan ne m Berry ko 'ya'yan itace jelly, "Lel", "Southern Night", "Swan", "Gulf" da sauransu.

- "Ga" ko sweets da fondant cika, samu daga madara, syrup, cream, sugar, 'ya'yan fillings, da kuma sauran gyara, "Mia", "Rakhat", "Mutanen Espanya Night" da sauransu.

- truffles - alatu cakulan taso keya, cike da musamman Faransa cream - ganache. An sanya daga man shanu, cream, cakulan da kuma da dama dadin dandano. A matsanancin surface iya rufi da niƙa ko ƙasa kwayoyi, ko wafer marmashi tare da koko foda.

cakulan tarihi

Ƙaunar da yawa alewa cakulan bayyana godiya ga sanannen mai bincike - Hernando Cortez gano Amurka nahiyar. Shi ne ya kuma sahabbansa, sai aka kawo Turai koko wake da kuma gabatar da Turawa a cakulan. M Benzoni gudummawar da gaskiya cewa cakulan zama na yau da kullum amfani don kula da kiwon lafiya na Spanish monarch, da kuma bayan shi da majalisarsa. Daga baya da fashion for cakulan alewa ya yaɗu zuwa wasu kasashen, inda m mutum amfani da su a matsayin magani. Up har sai XVII karni Spain samar kawai confectioners cakulan da kuma alewa fita daga gare ta, da kuma aika sweets zuwa yawa sarauta kotu. A tsawon lokaci, asirin yin cakulan alewa zama da aka sani zuwa ga wasu kasashe, duk da haka, har ƙarshen XVII karni, suka yi da hannu.

Kamar alewa bayyana a Rasha?

A farko confectionery factory domin samar da cakulan da aka bude a karshen XVII karni Faransa irin kek shugaba Davidom Shelli. Har XIX karni a Rasha babu kansa samar na alewa kuma ya bi kawo daga kasashen waje, ko shirya wani musamman shugaba a cikin kitchens a cikin gidajen m manya. A farko Rasha confectionery factory da aka bude a St. Petersburg kawai a tsakiyar XIX karni.

Kamar yadda a baya ya kira alewa?

Kamar yadda aka ambata a riga, sai a XIX karni, alewa, ko shigo da su kasar mu daga kasashen waje, ko sanya a gida a kan kadarori da kuma manyan gidãje daga cikin manya. Domin kerarre gida siffatawa sunayen da aka ba sweets, game da siffar, shirye-shiryen hanya, da dabi'u ta hanyar amfani da 'ya'yan da' ya'yan itace. A cikin littafin "The New Perfect Rasha confectioner, ko cikakken confectionary Dictionary", da aka buga a karshen da XVIII karni a St. Petersburg, sũ ne waɗanda for mu funny sunan alewa kamar yadda Strawberry cake da apricot kore caramel, Jasmine candies da kuma anisi sugar snacks Cherry marzipan apricots kuma a candies.

masana'antu suna

Da bude daga cikin na farko Rasha confectionery factory kai ga cewa a farkon na XX karni, a rundunar daban-daban irin cakulan. A karo na farko da aka mamaye Faransa girke-girke da kuma sunayen alewa, a jerin wanda bai da manya-manyan:

• "Baton de Grail".
• "Finshampan".
• "Creme de rizen".
• "Boule de-d".
• "Creme de nuazon".
• "Maron Praline" da sauransu.

A tsawon lokaci, da Faransa sunan cakulan da aka fassara a cikin Rasha, kuma ya tafi a kan sale, tsara daidai da Rasha nahawu, "mau kirim Venus," "Cat ta harshe", "Fata Yankan", "Cabin". Duk da haka, a wasu lokuta, amfani da m sunayen sweets, kamar "studded tare da lu'u-lu'u lu'u-lu'u ko Koriandor". Rasha confectioners sabon, halitta su sweets, mai suna riga a Rasha da kuma sau da yawa amfani da sunayen hade da hotuna na gaskiya jima'i, "Sofia", "Marianne", "The Merry bazawar", "Fisherwoman", "Marsala". Bayar da ilimi da jerin, kamar "Mystery." A cikin wrapper na alewa sanya sauki wuyar warwarewa. Kafin neman sauyi events na 1917 samar cakulan jerin "Sports", "Kasa Atlas," "The mutanen Siberia" da sauransu.

Soviet sweets

Up har sai Oktoba juyin juya halin na 1917, kana iya saya alewa "Royal Rasberi" ko "Tsar Fyodor Mikhailovich." Bayan shi alewa sunayen canja da cika fuska. Sales, caramel "baƙauye" da "Red Army," "guduma da lauje" da "mu masana'antu". Duk da haka, cakulan ne mafi yawa riƙe da Faransa take: "Dern Cree", "Miniatures", "Chartreuse," "bergamot", "Peperment" da sauransu. Kuma ba Mu kasance akida sake tunani irin tsaka tsaki sunayen, kamar "kurege", "Scamps" da "zomo". Soviet sunayen da sabon alewa gani yanzu events da kuma nasarori. Sabõda haka, shi da aka samar a cikin 30s na karshe karni: "Ku yi yaƙi domin da dabara", "Ka kasance a shirye", "Sabantuy", "The Milkmaid", "Chelyuskinites," "Heroes na Arctic", "lashe kankara."

A ci na sarari da mutum a cikin 60-ies na XX karni da aka nuna a cikin bayyanar "Space" sweets da kuma "Space". Kusan lokaci guda, shi ya zama mashahuri shiga a cikin sunan cakulan da kuma shahararre sunayen da wallafe-wallafen haruffa: "Snow Maiden", "La Bayadere", "Blue Bird", "Sadko", "Little Red Riding Hood" da sauransu.