Yanayi da kuma ɓangaren da na Norilsk masana'antu cibiya

Norilsk masana'antu naúrar located a kan Taimyr Larabawa a arewacin Krasnoyarsk Territory, shi ne daya daga cikin duniya most hadaddun na hakar ma'adinai da karfe samar. Duk da cewa shi ne located sama da Arctic Circle, da kuma sauyin yanayi sosai matsananci, a garuruwa da cewa bauta wa Enterprises, gida zuwa kusan 200,000 mutane.

Tarihi na ci gaba

A farko burbushi na tama karafa a cikin kusanci da Norilsk masana'antu site Dates baya ga Bronze Age - a kusa da tafkin Pyasino samu albarkatun kasa da kuma na asali kayayyakin aiki, don ta smelting. A XVI-XVII ƙarni birnin da aka ba da nisa daga nan Mangazeya, mazauna suka ci gaba da jan adibas. Amma ƙulli daga cikin Arewa Sea Route jagoranci zuwa ga rasuwar.

A 20-ies na XX karni, sanannen mai bincike Nikolay Nikolaevich Urvantsev gudanar da wani jerin expeditions, da kuma tabbatar da wanzuwar manyan reserves na albarkatun ma'adinai a yankin. Gina shi a 1921 gida ne na farko gidan Norilsk kuma kiyaye kamar yadda gidan kayan gargajiya.

A ra'ayi na samu na manyan reserves na albarkatun, a shekarar 1935 aka yanke shawarar fara su ci gaba. Norillag shi shirya, wanda fursunoni karfe babban aiki da karfi. Gulag fursunoni gina masana'antu, Tunnels, kayayyakin more rayuwa da kuma gidaje. Riga ta 1941 a cikin permafrost suka gina filayen jiragen sama, jiragen kasa, 4 masana'antu, ma'adinai da kuma haƙa 6 da dama quarries. Correctional sansanin da aka rufe a 1956, da kuma kara ci gaba da na Norilsk Industrial District (CPD) ya ci gaba ba tare da yin amfani da kurkuku aiki.

yanayi

Yanayi na Norilsk masana'antu site ne sosai nauyi ga m zama. A wannan yankin, a subarctic sauyin yanayi tare da hunturu snow kuma sanyi yana game 9 months, da kuma lokacin bazaar ne takaice. A talakawan Yuli zafin jiki ne da ke ƙasa 15 digiri. A wannan yanayin, da dusar ƙanƙara, a lokacin rani watanni, da yan unguwa ne ba abin mamaki ba. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, kasar gona bai taba samun dumi da kuma permafrost ya dora wani tsanani lamba a kan fasahar da gine gine-gine.

Har ila yau, a cikin sararin yankin da Norilsk masana'antu cibiya kusan babu itatuwa, ko da yake, a lokacin da kamfanin kawai ya fara gina, akwai m taiga gandun daji. Yanzu kiyaye kawai a cikin wani karamin yawan shrubs. Wannan shi ne da farko saboda da karfi iska ƙazantar. A cikin birane a 'yan shekaru matsayi na karfe itatuwa, wanda ganye a wuri - LEDs.

A ɓangaren da na Norilsk masana'antu naúrar yana da wani halitta alama - da iyakacin duniya kwana da dare. Daga May 19 ga Yuli 25 rãnã ba kafa, da kuma a cikin hunturu lõkutan asuba kawai ga 2-3 hours. A bukatar kullum amfani da wucin gadi lighting ba kawai qara kuzari, amma kuma yana sanya matsa lamba a kan kwakwalwar mutane. Don rama domin wannan lalacewa, da rashin greenery a birane, gidaje a Norilsk fentin a haske launuka.

Manyan ma'adanai NDP

A fannin Norilsk cire babbar yawa albarkatun kamar tagulla, nickel, cobalt, platinum, zinariya, da azurfa, palladium, iridium, Rhodium da sauransu. A kan aiwatar da tsarkakewa da kuma aiki na ores kuma ware: sulfur da sulfuric acid, selenium da tellurium. Bugu da kari, a halin yanzu ana ci gaba, ba dukan halitta albarkatun samu a cikin Norilsk masana'antu site, kuma geologists binciken.

Duk da cewa da yawan biranen da NDP ne kullum ragewa, kasuwanci ci gaba da girma da kuma ban sha'awa a cikin albarkatun ma'adinai a Taimyr Larabawa daga jihar ba rage.

Kwarewa yankin

A mafi girma a birnin ne Norilsk. Shi ne da ci gaban da yankin ya fara tare da yi. Yana gida kadan fiye da 100 da mutane dubu. A birnin adjoins da Copper shuka, kwal wanka shuka, 3 kilomita nawa ne. A shekarar 2005, duk da sauran ƙauyuka da aka hana su matsayi da kuma shigar da karamar hukuma na Norilsk kamar yadda ta unguwannin.

Na biyu mafi girma a yankin da wani ɓangare na Norilsk masana'antu cibiya - Talnakh, shi ne 25 km daga cibiyar. Its yawan - game da 50 da mutane dubu. Yi ya fara a nan a shekarar 1960 bayan gano manyan adibas na jan karfe-nickel tama. Its ci gaba ne har yanzu gudana.

A na uku wuri ne Kayerkan tare da wani yawan game da 25 da mutane dubu, wanda aka ma a haɗe zuwa Norilsk. Village gina a kusa da mahakar, wanda aka za'ayi ci hakar ma'adinai. Duk da haka, tuni a 70s na karshe karni sha'anin NDP switched zuwa gas da man fetur, da kuma yawan albarkatun hakar ƙwarai rage. Yankin da aka komai saboda gano 'yan kilomita tafi daga Nadezhda Metallurgical Shuka.

Har ila yau a birnin gundumar hada da kauyen Snezhnogorsk, abin da hidima da yawan Ust-Hantayskom HPP da Oganer inda asibiti tare 1000 gadaje.

yankin matsaloli

An m Gwargwadon wuri na Norilsk masana'antu taro sa mutane da yawa matsaloli, sarki daga cikinsu - amfani. A yankin yana da wani ƙasar sadarwa tare da sauran birane, tare da togiya daga babban tashar jiragen ruwan teku Dudinka, located 90 kilomita. A nan da cewa gudanar da babban ruwa kai jijiya - kogi Yenisei, ta hanyar abin da na girma kaya da dama zuwa wasu yankuna. Babban zirga-zirgar fasinja kai jirage tashi daga filin jirgin sama "Alykel". Su isar da kaya a lokacin da kewayawa a kan Yenisei rufe.

Wani tsanani matsalar da Norilsk masana'antu site - wani babban matakin gurbatawa. Tubes shekara-shekara shuke-shuke emit mai girma adadin sulfur dioxide, phenols, nauyi karfe barbashi a cikin yanayi. A sikelin ne don haka babban abin da Norilsk shekaru da yawa da aka jera daga cikin mafi najasa birane a duniya, da kuma kamfanin biya diyya ga Canada ga iska mai guba a yankin ƙasarta.