Waje na kwanyar tushe

Human kwanyar - kashi ne a frame, wanda yana da mambobi ashirin da uku ƙasũsuwa. Sun yi aikin kare kwakwalwa daga daban-daban suka samu rauni. Kokon ne a bangaren na cikin kwarangwal tsarin da musculoskeletal tsarin. Ya kunshi da cerebral da fuska sassan cewa yin takamaiman ayyuka. Kowane division yana m da ciki tushe.

Abin da siffofin da tushe daga cikin kwanyar?

An kafa ta orbital da hanci ɓangare na frontal kashi, ƙanana da manyan fikafikai, ethmoid da faranti, pyramids boko kashi da manyan jiki, da gefen rabo da ƙananan rabo daga cikin occipital kashi.

A tushe na kwanyar, da photo za ka iya ganin, yana da irin wannan tsarin da cewa da mutum kasusuwa ko gidajen abinci suna partially alaka yadudduka da guringuntsi nama. Su kira synchondrosises.

Sassa da kuma takware

Waje da kwanyar tushe ne zuwa kashi sassan, kuma yana da daban-daban protrusions da kuma ramukan ta hanyar abin da jijiyoyi da jini. Rear Front ne wuri na waje occipital kunya. Daga shi zuwa saukar da dagi na wuyansa. Kafin ma'aunansa suka yi a manyan huda wuyansa. A garesu shi yana da iyaka ga occipital kashi, da kuma gaban - ta sandan. Hypoglossal jijiya yana condylar huda mikawa karkashin wuyansa matakai, wanda aka located a baya da fossa juya cikin intermittent feed.

Kusa da foramen magnum na kwanyar tushe, kusa da gaban, aka located pharyngeal tubercle, yayin da mastoid - rami tare da ya dace sunan, wanda shine fitarwa manufa na gyara man fuska jijiya da kuma styloid tsari.

A kasa surface na petrous bangare yana da lakar fossa budewa wannan sunan. Wuce ta hanyar girman jijiyoyi. Daga wannan tushe na kwanyar bude fita waje lakar Vienna. Kafin shi ne carotid canal zuwa waje rami da kuma tsage - located kusa da tip na m sassa.

Pterygoid canal wuce a gaban tushen na pterygoid matakai, kuma ya bude rami. M da spinous ramuka ne a kan sphenoid kashi. A takware na hanci kogo kira choanae. Suna located a gaban tsage. Tsakanin m farantin da pterygoid tsari da kuma kasa surface na manyan reshe located a kan sphenoid ne infratemporal fossa.

A na baya sassa na kashi da wannan sunan sama ramukan da kai a cikin tashoshi. Muna da incisors cell ne a baya da incisive bude.

tsarin

Kwanyar - wani rami kafa ta tam haɗa da kasũsuwa, ashe, wanda aka located in muhimmanci gabobin ga rayuwar ɗan Adam: kwakwalwa na kai, da farko sassa na numfashi da kuma narkewa kamar tsarin da kuma ji gabobin. Kokon rarrabe vault ko rufin, da kuma wani tushe wanda yake waje da ciki. Waje da tushe daga cikin kwanyar da aka kafa tare da kasa surface daga gare - na kwakwalwa da kuma gyara man fuska sashen, wanda ya kasu kashi gaban, baya da kuma tsakiyar.

A gaban wani ɓangare fãra daga cikin incisors da kuma shagaltar da raya ƙarshen Palatine ƙasũsuwa kafa a kwance faranti, wadda aka haɗa zuwa gaban daga cikin manya muƙamuƙi spikes sama, kafa fitar kasusuwan jikinsu palate. A ta sarari ne kafa incisal rami, daga wanda ya fara da tashar kurfi. Yana take kaiwa a cikin ƙananan hanci Tsarki. A tsarin da kwanyar tushe irin wannan cewa tsakiyar palate kashi hadin gwiwa shimfida, kuma palatal ramuka: ƙanana da manyan - gubar zuwa tashar.

A tsakiyar sashe ne shagaltar da sarari tsakanin sama da foramen magnum, ta gaban baki. Kaikaice da iyaka da gudu tare da waje auditory canal up zuwa mastoid tsari daga cikin siffofin. Waje da kwanyar tushe yana da biyu ramuka, wanda bude a cikin hanci kogo.

Rear Front dake tsakanin gaban gefen occipital manyan rami da matsanancin occipital protuberance.

gaban ofishin

Yana da aka hada da guda biyu, kuma unpaired ƙasũsuwa. Mamaye da tsohon. Suna wakilta babba muƙamuƙi, hanci, zygomatic, da kuma Palatine lacrimal kashi, ƙananan hanci kwatami. Na biyu - ethmoid kashi coulter, hyoid kashi, ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Ƙasusuwan kwanyar tushe, wadda gaban ofishin, da wani banbanci a kan duk da hankula, da numfashi, da narkewa kamar tsarin.

Zama da karfi Kwanyar damar yankin ya cika da iska. Suna da unpaired ƙasũsuwa. Bugu da ƙari, cikin iska ke taka rawa a samar da thermal rufi. Irin wannan cavities da sandan, da frontal, ethmoid, boko kashi da maxilla.

A musamman rawa a cikin jikin mutum sanya wa hyoid kashi baka, located tsakanin maƙogwaro da kuma ƙananan ɓangare na muƙamuƙi da alaka da girman kwanyar ƙasũsuwa da jijiyoyin da tsokoki. Tare da shi zo da samuwar jiki da kuma biyu daga zankayen, a kan wanda su ne styloid tsari.

A babba lebur, ƙashi na daga cikin kwanyar tushe da farantin an cika ta da kashi abu. Its Kwayoyin suna da kwakwalwa da kuma tasoshin ta hanyar abin da jini circulates. Gyrus da sulcus na kwakwalwa suna kafa da magudi da wasu kwanyar ƙasũsuwa.

girman kwanyar

Ya kare da kwakwalwa daga lalacewa da shi ne ta m harsashi. Girman kwanyar fuska sama da aka raba, kuma yana da siffar wani ellipse. Its girma shi ne 1500 cm kunshi nunka, parietal da kuma na boko, kasusuwa, da kuma tsakãtsaki -. Occipital, sphenoid da frontal. A karshen kunshi biyu Sikeli, da baka. Shi ne pneumatic. Akwai aka kafa goshi a kuma frontal mounds, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar bango na kwasfansu, hanci kogo, da fossa a cikin haikalin da kuma a gaban. Da taimakon da parietal kashi dimbin yawa arches, kuma tare da taimakon da occipital - tushe daga cikin kwanyar, wani photo na wanda aka gabatar da hankalinka.

Steam kashi ne mai hadaddun pneumatic boko part. Yana daukawa fitar da samuwar girman vault, shi amintattun ji gabobin. Wannan kashi Forms dala tare da wani tympanic kogo da kuma wata can cikin kunne.

sphenoid

An located inda tushe daga cikin kwanyar, a sosai cibiyar. A sphenoid jiki yana zuwa kashe shi matakai ayi kasafi mai suna, tare da manyan da kananan fuka-fuki. The jiki yana da shida saman da cewa yin takamaiman ayyuka. Wannan gaba, baya, saman, kasa da kuma bangarorin biyu.

A babban tushe na reshe yana da takware zagaye, m siffar da kuma spinalis. Akwai hudu da reshe, da ake kira boko, maxillary, ophthalmic da kuma kwakwalwa. Suna located jijiya GROOVES da depressions. A gefen tsakiyar na kananan reshe yana da wani gangaren tsari. A sarari tsakanin babban kuma kananan reshe bautar da babba orbital fissure.

occipital kashi

Ya ƙunshi wani basilar, kaikaice sassa da ɓamɓaroki. Idan su dangane da aka kafa tare da wani bude manyan kira occipital. Ƙananan surface na kaikaice condyle part aka bayar, a kan abin da tashar ne sublingual. Bayan ta ne a fossa condylar canal a kasa.

A cibiyar da matsanancin surface na da Sikeli yana occipital protuberance. Ya ci gaba da saukar da kunya na wannan sunan.

frontal kashi

Waje da kwanyar tushe bautarka babban ɓangare na rufin kuma yana da wata frontal kashi, wanda ya hada da hanci, orbital da frontal ɓangare na Sikeli. A hanci rabo a gaban kuma laterally iyakance latticework clipping, wanda aka raba hagu da kuma dama ido kwasfa. Anterior frontal rabo yana da wani tsakiyar layin, wanda ya wuce a cikin hanci kashin baya. A ko dai gefen shi (kwance) ne budewa da frontal sinus na ragargaje.

Aikin fasali na kwanyar

Kamar yadda wuya fitar kasusuwan jikinsu jiki, da kwanyar yana da wadannan ayyuka:

• Aikin kwakwalwa kariya, duk da hankula daga lalacewa.
• Girman kwanyar ƙasũsuwa da alaka daukan taban, fuska da wuya tsokoki.
• Tsunduma a jawabin aiwatar yayin da yin amfani da wani pneumatic jaws da sinuses sauti aka samar.
• Kwanyar taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin narkewa kamar tsarin, wato ta wajen jaws sanya taban da ake aiki da kuma yana da iyaka ga baka rami.

A tushe na kwanyar: samuwar

A jariri muƙamuƙi ƙasũsuwa ne lebur, su ne wani jari na babbar yawa daga kashi balochek ba tare da wani fayyace kungiyar. Tsakanin su ne sako-sako da connective nama. Karamin kashi na gefe yankuna ya bace, shi ya sauya periosteum gabatar da wani lokacin farin ciki Layer.

A tsawon lokaci, da gicciye mambobi ana garwaya. Yana Forms a ci gaba da Karamin diski: na farko a tarnaƙi, kuma sa'an nan a cikin agara kuma na baya yankuna na muƙamuƙi. The girma na gyara man fuska ƙasũsuwa girma. Na bayar da muhimmanci a ci gaban da fuska, ƙashi na daga cikin kwanyar tushe yana. Tiyata na tsari ne irin wannan cewa agara girman kwanyar fossa an tsawo saboda seams rarrabe frontal da tashar wutar lantarki, da latest kuma tamkar kashi.

Terminates girma ta 10-11 shekara rayuwa. Daga bisani frontal kashi pnevmatiziruetsya da kashi samuwar auku a kan m surface. A 'yan mata, da wannan ne har zuwa shekaru 13, da kuma yara maza - to 14. Tare da ci gaban da kwanyar tushe rage-rage na kwana tsakanin girman kwanyar rami: na gaba da raya. Wannan bayanin gaskiyar cewa a tsaye girma na mutum mutumin fi a kan kwance.

Features na tsarin da kwanyar: jima'i da shekaru

All, ƙashi na daga cikin kwanyar fara inganta a membranous mataki, bi da guringuntsi da kashi karshe. Facial ƙasũsuwa kewaye da tsakiyar mataki a cikin sabon ci gaba. A Mas'ala daga cikin tsarin da kwanyar da wani sabon jariri ne gaban saurã daga cikin membranous kwanyar - fontanelle, wanda suke gaban, raya da kuma gefen.

A cikin agara fontanel (mafi girma) za a iya lura for numfashi ƙungiyoyi, intracranial matsa lamba (idan ta qara fontanelle ta kumbura), dehydration baby (idan fontanelle shanku cuta).

A na baya fontanelle ne karami da kuma tsiro da sauri. A full-lokaci jariri sau da yawa rasa kaikaice fontanelles, wanda suna samuwa ga yara haife prematurely. Amma suna 2-3 shekaru na rayuwa ne overgrown.

A na biyu alama ne cewa duka na ciki da kuma matsanancin surface na kwanyar tushe yana da wani guringuntsi Layer, wanda aka shirya tsakanin mutum sassa na ƙasũsuwa.

The uku fasalin. A jariri jarirai, pneumatic sinuses, spines, bumps, jaws ba ci gaba, ba hakora.

Formation na sutures na kwanyar zo don 3-5 shekaru na rayuwa. Overall ya gama a 25-30 shekaru girma.

Kwanyar bambanta da jinsi, amma da muhimmanci shi yana. Age da alaka da canje-canje za a iya kara wa dukan tushe na ragargaje. Anatomy da tsarin shi ne irin wannan cewa crests da spongy kashi abu Tsarin fara soke, girman ƙashi zama gaggautsa da kuma sauƙi. Kwanyar siffar iya bambanta a ƙarƙashin rinjayar inji dalilai.