Tsakiya Rasha. Cities na tsakiya Rasha

Tsakiyar Rasha ita ce babbar ƙungiyar gundumar. A bisa al'ada, ana amfani da wannan lokacin zuwa yankunan da ke zuwa Moscow, inda aka kafa Moscow, kuma daga bisani gwamnatin Rasha.

Janar bayani

Tarihin Tsakiyar Rasha, wanda shine ainihin jiharmu, ya fara ne tare da samuwar Muscovy a cikin ƙarni na XIII-XVI, saboda haɗin gwiwar sarakuna daban-daban. A cikin birane na wannan yanki akwai gine-ginen gine-gine, tarihin tarihi da litattafan tarihi da gidajen tarihi. A duk fadin kasar har ma a kasashen waje, ana kiran Golden Ring - dirane na dā na tsakiya ta Rasha: Sergiev Posad, Rostov Great da Pereslavl-Zalessky, Kostroma, Suzdal, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Bogolyubovo, Gus-Khrustalny, Gorokhovets, Kalyazin, Kideksha, Murom, Palekh, da dai sauransu. Ƙarfin zinariya yana rufe wuraren kamar Moscow, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kostroma. An san tsoffin birane na tsakiya na Rasha don fasahar fasaha na ban mamaki. Alal misali, Fedoskino, Kholui da Palekh suna shahararrun labarun wasan kwaikwayo, Gzhel - cantattun abubuwa, Zhostovo - fentin da aka fadi, Abramtsevo - carvings na itace, Khotkovo - zane-zane, zane-zane. Mstera - lacquer miniatures da wicker laces, pos. Gidan Red-on-the-Volga - kayan ado na tagulla, da tagulla, da azurfa, Rostov Great - enamel (zane-zane a kan enamel).

Matsayin ci gaba

An samu ci gaban wannan yanki da fasalin fasalin tarihi da tattalin arziki da yanayi. Babban ɓangaren Rasha yana cikin kwaruruka da kan ruwa na Dnieper, Oka, Volga da Western Dvina, yana da matsayi mafi kyau a lokacin da aka kafa jihar. Na gode wa hanyoyi na kogi, an gudanar da tattaunawa tare da yankunan da ke cikin yanki, da kuma kasashen da ke makwabta. Yankin tsakiya na Rasha shine ainihin mayar da hankali kan al'ada na asa, saboda haka sake mayar da mutanen Rasha a wasu yankuna.

A farkon matakai na ci gaba, yawancin mutane sunyi amfani da albarkatu na gida, irin su baƙin ƙarfe, kwalba, katako, yadudduka, yashi, gishiri, yumbu, peat da sauransu. Ga shi ya samo asali ferrous metallurgy da metalworking, woodworking, gishiri samarwa, yumbu da kuma gilashin, yadi, da fata da kuma takalma masana'antu. A zamanin Soviet, an gina tasoshin wutar lantarki guda uku a Volga a yankin, kuma an gina ginin wutar lantarki a Sergiev Posad. Bugu da kari, a cikin hamsin hamsin na karshe karni a Kaluga yankin fara aiki a duniya na farko nukiliya ikon shuka, da kuma bayan 20-30 shekara, tsakiyar ɓangare na Rasha lashe biyu mafi nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke - a cikin Tver da Smolensk yankuna.

Yawan yawan yankin

Yankin tsakiya na Rasha shine yanki inda aka kafa tsakiya na mutanen Rasha. Kuma a yau zamanin Rasha yana rinjaye a nan. Kuma kawai a yankin gabashin, a yankin Volga-Vyatka, suna zaune Chuvashes, Mordvins, Mari. A cewar kididdigar yawan jama'a a shekara ta 2002, akwai mutane sama da miliyan 38 da ke zaune a yankin. Daga cikin wadannan: Rasha - miliyan 34 (91%), Ukrainians - 756,000 (1.99%), Tatars - 288,000 (0.77%), Armeniya - 249 dubu (0.66%), Belarusians - 186 dubu 0.49%), Azerbaijani - 161 dubu (0.43%), da Yahudawa - 103 dubu (0.27%). Sauran ƙasashe ba su da ƙasa da 0.2%.

Cibiyar Cibiyar Siyasa da Tattalin Arziki a Rasha

Babban fasali na tattalin arzikin zamani na yankin ya samo asali ne daga tasirin abubuwan da ke tattare da su: muhimmancin ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci a matsayin babban tsari, ilimin ilimi da bincike na kasar; Availability of sosai m ma'aikata; Halin tattalin arziki da matsayi; Hanyoyin sufuri masu tasowa; Makaman da aka samar a tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire iri iri; Amfani da kayan kayan kayan da aka shigo da su; Formation na tushe gami da sauransu. A yau, Tsakiya ta tsakiya na musamman ne a samar da samfurori masu mahimmanci waɗanda suke buƙatar ci gaban kimiyya da aikin gwani. Babban rassan specialization ne injiniya, metallurgy, haske da kuma sinadaran masana'antu. Ba ƙarshen wuri ba ne da fasahar kimiyya da fasaha da kimiyya suke ciki, har da ilimi mafi girma, fasaha da al'ada. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan - ayyukan yawon bude ido da yawon shakatawa.

Halaye na yankunan tattalin arziki

Yankin tsakiya na Rasha ya hada da wadannan yankuna masu arziki: Volga-Vyatka, tsakiya na tsakiya da tsakiya. Yi la'akari da yanayin tattalin arziki da halayen kowane ɗayansu. Wannan zai taimaka wajen fahimtar matsayinsu a sikelin ba kawai na wannan yankin ba, amma na dukan ƙasar.

Kotun Volgo-Vyatsky

Wannan gundumar ya ƙunshi yankuna masu zuwa na Tsakiyar Rasha: Nizhny Novgorod da Kirov, da kuma Jamhuriyar: Chuvash, Mordovia da Mari El. Yankinsa yana da kilomita 263,000. Volga-Vyatka yankin lullube a Turai na kasar, da daruna na da Vyatka River da kuma Volga. Yanayin wuri a tsakiyar tashar jiragen kasa da manyan hanyoyi da ke haɗin Cibiyar da yankin Volga, Urals, da Arewa maso Yamma sun haifar da kyakkyawan yanayi na bunkasa tattalin arzikin. Sauyin yanayi a halin yanzu shi ne yanayin na yau da kullum. Dukan ƙasar an rufe shi da gandun daji. Babban ƙwarewar gundumar shine injiniya. Bugu da ƙari, masana'antu da sunadarai sun bunkasa. Har zuwa yanzu, sana'a na sana'a, alal misali hoton Khokhloma, an kiyaye su kuma suna bunkasa.

Ƙungiyar Yankin Ƙananan Ƙananan Black

Wannan gundumar ya ƙunshi Belgorod, Voronezh, Ribas, Tambov da Kursk yankuna. An bayyana ta hanyar dacewa da yanayin wuri. Yankinta yana da murabba'in kilomita dubu 107. Kasancewar adadi mai yawa na kayan baƙin ƙarfe da ciminti, da mahimmanci na aiki, na taimakawa wajen bunkasa masana'antu da dama, a cikin masana'antu da kuma aikin noma. Sauyin yanayi a halin yanzu shi ne yanayin na yau da kullum, wurare masu zaman kansu sune mataki ne da kuma gandun daji, sauƙi shine mafi yawa. A cikin wannan yankuna masu yawan gaske suna da hankali, duk da haka yawancin yankuna suna fama da rashin albarkatun ruwa.

Ƙwararren ƙwarewa ta ƙayyade shi ne ta hanyar tsarin masana'antu, sunadarai, gine-gine da kuma masana'antu, da kuma ci gaba da noma.

Central District

Tsarin wannan yankin ya hada da: Bryansk, Vladimir, Kaluga, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Moscow, Orel, Smolensk, Tver, Ryazan, Yaroslavl da Tula. Halin tattalin arziki da matsayi na tsakiya, sabili da haka yana da mahimmanci a cikin sufuri da kuma a wasu hanyoyi. Yankin shine babban abin da ake nufi da al'ada. Ba shi da wadata a albarkatun halitta. A sakamakon haka, masana'antu sunfi aiki a kan kayayyakin kayan da aka shigo. Akwai reserves na phosphorites, peat, launin ruwan kasa, yadudduka, yashi. Babban sana'a shi ne samar da hadaddun, ba kayan aikin da ke buƙatar ci gaban kimiyya da aikin gwani. Babban rassan sune sunadarai, hasken, masana'antun bugawa da injiniya na sassa daban-daban.

Yanayin yankin

Yanayin wannan yankin yana da bambanci - daga gandun dajin zuwa ga steppes. A gefen arewa maso gabashin yankin akwai kudade masu yawa daga boulders da loam. Sun bayyana a lokacin da gilashi ya motsa. Bayan ya koma baya, yankunan da ke kudu maso yammacin Oka zuwa Kogin Moscow sun yi tasiri sosai. Wannan wuri mai faɗi da aka kira Mescherskaya Shefela. A nan gandun daji na da yawa. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa a kan iyakar tsakiya na Rasha: Chukhlomskoye, Nero, Pleshcheevo da Galichskoe. Tare da waɗannan tafki an kafa wurare masu laushi, an hade da karimci tare da silt. Bugu da ƙari ga wuraren tsabta, yankin yana da haɓaka maras kyau: Suzdal, Yuryevskaya da Murom. A cikin arewa maso yammacin wannan yankin, Volga yana samo asali, wanda ke da alamu mai yawa, sakamakon haka, kashi goma na yankin Tver ya rufe shi. Ruwan da ke tattare a wadannan ƙasashe ba zasu iya samun hanya ba har dogon lokaci. Bryansk yankin ya dade yana sanannun gandun daji. Yankin kudancin yankin yafi yawancin wuraren da aka bude.

Kammalawa

Don taƙaitawa, ana iya lura da cewa Tsakiya ta tsakiya wata babbar babbar ƙunguwa ta gundumar tana da yanayin da aka tsara da bunƙasa tattalin arzikin kasa. Halin wannan yankin m tattalin arziki da kuma ɓangaren da, a tsakiyar Turai na Rasha. Duk da haka, da Jamhuriyar Rasha kuma yana da tsanani flaws - shi ne rashin samun damar zuwa cikin teku, da low adadin albarkatun. Amma kuma yankunan da ke kusa da yankunan masana'antu sun fi karfin su - yankin na Privolzhsky na tarayya, har ma da wani yanki mai arziki - Arewacin Turai. Bugu da ƙari, Tsakiyar Rasha na kusa da abokan tarayya na kasashen waje - Belarus da Ukraine.

Wannan yankin shi ne mafi yawan jama'a da kuma ci gaba a cikin Rasha Federation. Gundumar tsakiyar Rasha ita ce mafi girma a cikin gari a kasar. Ko da yake yawan mazauna mazauna birane (80%), shi ne mafi ƙasƙanci a Arewa maso Yamma, amma dangane da ƙaddamar da 'yan ƙasa a cikin manyan biranen da birane masu girma a birni, shi ne na farko a dukan ƙasar.