Dislocations - wannan ne? Mene ne aka sanya ma'aikatan sojoji, jiragen ruwa, jirage, alamun hanyoyi ko masu adalci na zaman lafiya?

An yi amfani da kalmar "dislocation" a wurare daban-daban na aiki. Ana iya samunsa a kimiyya, kimiyyar soja, fikihu. Alal misali, a yayin da suke rarraba magistrates, ana gaya musu game da aikin da suke ciki. Wannan ra'ayi ya samo asali ne daga kalmomin Latin, kuma a cikin fassarar yana nufin "rarrabawa," "motsi," "motsawa," "post," "saka."

Chemistry

Yi la'akari da manufar misali na lu'ulu'u. Wadannan sifofi na iya samun wasu lahani. Suna da kama da layi, kuma an ba da alamun atomatik da kansu ba daidai ba. Wannan canji ana kiransa dislocation cikin lu'ulu'u. Suna zama da tsabta, wasu daga cikin kayayyarsu sun canza. Dislocations su ne cin zarafi a waje da ciki. A crystal kanta yi hasarar da na inji Properties, shi ya zama ƙasa da m da kuma na roba.

Ƙayyadewa

Dislocation ne baki da kuma dunƙulewa. Idan crystal ne manufa, to, a cikin dukan tsawon da atomatik jirage an sanya a cikin layi daya. Amma idan aka tsage su a cikin tsarin kanta, wannan zai kai ga rikici. Wannan yana nufin cewa an kafa rabin haɗin jirgi. An kira shi maƙasudin lalata. Idan kun yi amfani da microscope, zaku iya ganin wannan hoton dalla-dalla kuma ku ga yadda ma'anar atomic sun kasance. Idan an raba gashin kanta cikin sassa hudu a cikin jirgin, to, mafi yawan ƙasƙanci ya zama mai zumunta da maɗaukaki ta hanyar distance 1 a tsakanin gefe guda, sa'an nan kuma an haɗa dukkanin siffofin a gefuna da ke gefe da juna, wannan hoton zai nuna kwatankwacin lalacewar. Hanya na biyu shine jagorancin motsi, wadda ake kira Burgers vector. Ta hanyarsa da kuma ainihin lahani, jirgin sama na wannan rushewar zai wuce. Saboda haka, wannan jirgin ya fara. Gilashin kanta kanta ya ɓace da bayyanarsa kuma ya bambanta da yadda ya kamata. Dislocations suna cikin wata hanya tashin hankali. Suna faruwa cikin tsarin. Kafin motsawa kanta, duk ɓangarorin crystal sunyi rauni, karfi mai roba. Amma sai wannan yanayin ya raunana. Canje-canje a cikin tushen yana farawa da wannan, wanda ke haifar da dislocation. Vectors karfi da suke a tashin hankali saboda da polarized haske, zai iya duka biyu jawo hankalin, kuma sunã tunkuɗe. Idan waɗannan nau'ikan sun kasance iri ɗaya, an yi motsi a cikin crystal, wato, an tsara tsarin a daya shugabanci kuma zane-zane cikin ɗayan. A lokacin da ake zuwa wurin rarrabawa, wannan biya ya biya.

Motsawa

Cristal zai iya zama maras kyau, amma ba kawai faruwa ba. A wannan lokacin, ƙaura suna motsawa ciki kawai. Wannan abu ne mafi mahimmanci da aka sani da slip. Lokacin da wannan tsari ya auku, crystal yana da nakasa zuwa nesa daidai da rubutu na biyu. Amma a cikin wannan yanayin baza'a iya ganewa tsakanin dukkanin mahaifa ba, sai dai tsakanin wadanda ke cikin axis. Kuma wannan yana nufin cewa babu buƙatar shiga tsakani tare da abubuwan waje. Kowane abu yana faruwa tare da ƙananan ƙananan ƙarfin, musamman ma idan aka kwatanta da matakai a cikin lu'ulu'u masu kyau waɗanda suka canza ba tare da raguwa ba. Ana iya ganin wannan a cikin yanayin zane.

Ƙidodi na Common

Dukkanin sassan biyu na iya zamewa a gefe, wanda ke kaiwa zuwa ruguwa. Wannan abin mamaki ne saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai nau'in halitta, amma lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya rage, haka kuma ya shiga tsakani. Idan akwai kaya mai ƙarfi, to, dukkanin mahaukaci suna nuna adawa da wannan kuma suna shiga cikin matsayi da suke bukata. A wannan yanayin, zamewa bata faruwa. Kuma matakan da ke gudana suna nufin rage wutar lantarki. Sakamakon da kansa ya dace daidai da saurin rushewa. Kuma a gaba ɗaya, idan canje-canje ba tare da motsawa ba zai yiwu, to, sai kawai lokacin da ake yadawa.

Motsi

Abubuwa masu yawa suna tsangwama tare da zanewa kyauta. Wadannan sun hada da, musamman ma, ƙarfin halittu masu tarin kwayoyin, rashin aiki maras kyau na electrons, misali a cikin karafa, ƙira, haɗuwa da sauran ƙaura, da dai sauransu. A wasu kalmomi, ƙananan matsalolin, saurin wannan motsi ya zama. Kuma da zarar karfin wutar lantarki ya ƙaru, haka ne zanewa. Gaba ɗaya, masu ilimin lissafi sunyi jayayya cewa lalacewar halayen topological. Ana kafa su a cikin lu'ulu'u. Kuma idan sauyawa biyu sun faru, zasu kashe juna, bace. Za'a ɓacewa guda ɗaya sai dai idan ya wuce iyakar tsarin. Gaba, la'akari da wasu sassan aikace-aikace na wannan batu.

Rundunar Soja

A kallo na farko, wani haɗin kalmomin da ba a fahimta ba, amma a gaskiya duk abin abu ne mai sauki. Rundunar dakarun ne kawai jigon sojojin, ma'aikatan soja, raka'a, jiragen ruwa, ɗakunan jiragen ruwa. Zai iya faruwa a ƙasashen ƙasar da suke cikin, kuma a bayan iyakarta. Wurin sakawa shi ne yankin da aka tura dakarun kafin wani muhimmin yaki. Jami'ai na lokaci guda suna bayyana inda za su aika, inda za su motsa kai don gudanar da aikin soja. Duk wani canje-canje a cikin sanyawa yana buƙatar tsananin yarda. Sai kawai kamfanonin, battalions da batura za a iya motsa su a gwargwadon tsarin mulki, kwamandojin da suke cikin su, kuma shugaban rukunin zai iya sakin baturin, amma an hana shi barin yankin. Akwai taswirar ƙira na musamman. Sun hada da alamun alamun da aka sanya dakarun.

Shige

Amma taswirar, wanda ke nuna alamar jirgi, yana gudanar da aikin bayanai. A wasu kalmomi, ba za a iya amfani da su don ƙayyade hanya daidai a cikin teku ba. Ana amfani da tsarin ganewa na musamman don yin taswira. A kan zane mai zane, yana nuna inda kuma inda yunkurin jirgi ya faru.

Hanyar sufuri

A kan iyakar Ukraine, Rasha, Belarus, Kazakhstan, kasashen Baltic da kasashe CIS, an yi watsi da motoci a kan motoci. Kuma sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a rana, an yi bayani game da sanya jigilar jiragen ruwa. Wadannan matakai suna faruwa a kan jadawali. Zaka iya waƙa da motsi da rarraba hannu. Haka kuma akwai matakan m. Suna ɗaukar zaɓuɓɓuka na musamman. Ɗaya daga cikin su ana kiransa "Nemi ga tashar."

Shirin Kashe Gidan Hanya

Dukan tsarin shiryawa ya kamata ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa. Saboda haka, wajibi ne a sami taswirar hanya don motoci, ƙananan shinge da tsayi. Bugu da ƙari, akwai alamun hanya, shimfida alamun alamomi da ƙuntatawa, kewayawa da matsayi na hasken wuta, fassarori (duka ƙasa da ƙasa). Ake bukata markings fitilu, jama'a kai. Akwai aikace-aikace masu yawa wanda zaka iya ƙayyade ƙaddamar da alamun hanyoyi a wani wuri. Suna kama da taswira ko kewayawa.

Wasu lokuta

A cikin yanayi, akwai ko da rarrabuwar kwakwalwa. Wannan sabon abu yana faruwa a yayin da wasu sifofi suka canza zumunta da wasu. Wannan tsari yana haifar da cututtuka daban-daban, musamman ga rushewa a wurare daban-daban, da dai sauransu. Tun da kwakwalwa ba ta cika kullun ba, zai iya motsawa, a wasu dalilai, don haka deforming. Daga bisani, idan babu magani na yau da kullum, jiki baya daina aiki daidai.

Kammalawa

Sabili da haka, rarrabawar wani abu ne mai mahimmanci. An yi amfani dashi a wurare da yawa. Zai iya mayar da shi ga lu'ulu'u, don zirga-zirga, zuwa kayan aikin soja har ma zuwa kwakwalwa. A kowane ɓangaren lokaci kalmar ta sami ƙarin ma'anar, ma'ana ma'ana fiye da yankin da aka bincika.