Topsoil: halaye

Duniya ƙunshi ruwa, m da gaseous aka gyara. Topsoil aka hada da bazu da kwayoyin rayuwa da kuma shuka sharan. Ya kira humus da kuma daukan 10-20 santimita. A shi girma furanni, da itatuwa, da kayan lambu.

Ƙõramu ne infertile gona Layer a 10-50 cm. Gina jiki daga gare wanke acid da kuma ruwa, don haka shi ne ake kira da sararin sama leaching (leaching). A nan ana saki nasu abubuwa da sinadaran, nazarin halittu, da kuma ta jiki matakai, akwai lãka ma'adanai.

Kara zurfi ne iyaye dutse. Shi ma yana da amfani abubuwa. Alal misali, alli, silicon, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus da sauransu.

Bari mu dubi a cikin mafi daki-daki, humus, saboda shi taka wata muhimmiyar rawa sosai a rayuwarmu.

Humus: ilimi ra'ayi

Ƙasa kafa a lokacin weathering na kankara da kuma aka hada da kwayoyin da inorganic aka gyara. Bugu da kari, shi ya ƙunshi iska da kuma ruwa. Wannan shi ne kawai wani makirci, kuma a gaskiya kowane Layer aka ɓullo da dabam a bisa wasu sharudda. Our ƙasa kamar alama kama, shi ne sanaki tsutsotsi, kwari, kwayoyin.

Topsoil - ne ta murfin. A cikin dazuzzuka ya gabatar Organic sharan kuma ganye sun Flown, a bude wuraren - herbaceous ciyayi. Cover kare kasa daga bushewa fita, ƙanƙara, sanyi. Ƙõramu an bazu saura na kwari da dabbobi. A kan aiwatar da bazuwar na kasar gona da aka wadãtar da ma'adinai abubuwa da sauƙi.

Humus aka sanaki rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, ya ratsa ta Tushen itatuwa da shuke-shuke, cike da iska. Its sako-sako da tsarin, a cikin hanyar lumps. Ga samuwar auku da kuma jari na gina jiki da tushen tsarin.

Duk sani cewa saman Layer na kasar gona, ko dai, humus, da matukar muhimmanci ga haihuwa. The black abu ya hada da carbon da nitrogen. Wannan irin kitchen inda abinci da aka shirya domin dasa (aiki humus). Har ila yau a cikin wannan Layer Halicci balance na gina jiki, ruwa da iska da yanayi (barga humus).

Abin da rinjayar da topsoil

A topsoil shafi sarrafa fasahar type, sauyin yanayi, amfanin gona juyawa. A cikin gonar, ta hanyar yin Organic Additives da rotted takin iya ƙwarai inganta barga humus.

Gardening muhimmanci gona da irin. Ya dogara da ma'adinai abun da ke ciki. Kayan lambu shuke-shuke girma da kyau a tsaka tsaki, ko kuma dan kadan acid filaye.

Akwai Manuniya na haihuwa:

• Total acidity.
• Yanzu acidity.
• Cation musayar.
• Da bukatar liming.
• Jikewa sansanonin.
• Barbashi size rarraba.
• Da abun ciki na kwayoyin halitta.
• Da abun ciki na macronutrients.

A haihuwa rinjayar da nuna alama "gona yawa". Higher dabi'u haifar da matalauta iska tsarin mulki, kange gina jiki janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a, kasa ci gaban da asalinsu. Low yawa retards da girma da tushen tsarin saboda voids da take kaiwa zuwa ƙãra danshin danshi.

A halin yanzu, akwai takin, Additives, da kuma daban-daban jiyya ga inganta ingancin topsoil. Amma a kasa wajibi ne don hutawa. Tuna da wannan!