Westminster Castle, Lutsk: description, tarihi, jan hankali da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Castle na Westminster - babban alama ce ta birnin Lutsk, NUNA ikon da Volyn yankin. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi tsufa kuma mafi girma a gidãjen a Ukraine, wanda occupies da fari a cikin rating na "7 Abubuwan al'ajabi da Ukraine". Yana alfahari da wani ban sha'awa tarihi, m gine-gine, da ban mamaki da kwanciyar hankali, wata babbar tarin tsoho karrarawa, knightly gasa da yafi. Kuma da sansanin soja da aka girmama da za a wakilta a cikin 200-hryvnia banknote.

Westminster Castle tarihi

Don kwanan wata, yana da uku sunayen: Lutsk (fi na kowa), Upper (as akwai a Lutsk wani rabin-hasãra - Lower), da kuma na Westminster.

A castle da aka kafa a cikin XI karni Rurik. A cikin tarihin karo na farko da aka ambata a 1075, lokacin da castle msa da kewaye warriors Boleslaw da Brave, wanda ya dauki tsawon watanni 6. Da farko, shi ne mai gwada da kananan katako sansanin soja. An located a kan wani tsibirin kewaye da Marshes. Irin wannan m matsayin ba da rundunõninsa da amfani a cikin yaƙi da invaders. A lokacin daga 1340 zuwa 1350 shekaru, a lokacin da gefuna da dokoki Volyn Lyubart Gediminovich (surukin Galicia-Volyn Prince Andrei Yurevich II), da castle gaba daya sāke gina a tubali. New ganuwar da aka gina a kusa da haihuwa, wanda ya karu da yankin na yi. Bugu da kari, a kusa da castle ya karu ruwa matakin, erecting musamman dam. A musamman drawbridge aka sanya su ratsa cikin wuriyar.

A ƙarshen XIV karni shi zo iko Duke Vytautas, wanda sanya Lutsk kudancin babban birnin na Grand Duchy na Lithuania. Karkashin shi garin wadãta, kuma ya kasance mai iko siyasa, addini da kuma Gudanarwa cibiyar da Volyn yankin, da kuma Westminster ya shaci na castle, wanda ya na da zuwa wannan rana. Yana da yake a cikin yarima ta castle fada a 1429, wani majalisa na Turai wadanada. Shi ne mai tambaya na Turai da kariya a kan Ottoman invaders da kuma sauran al'amurran da suka shafi kasa da kasa. Lokacin da Vytautas mutu, Duke ya zama da ɗan'uwansa Svidrigaylo lokacin da sake fasalin kudin ya cika. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Lutsk castle, sau da yawa ma kira da castle uku sarakuna.

Resistance ga kewaye

Abin mamaki shine, Westminster Castle a Lutsk yau ne na da lafiya, duk da cewa a lokacin da dogon tarihi, ya tsira da yawa sieges. Bayan Boleslaw da Brave katako Detinets a 1149 kokarin kwace Rostov-Suzdal da Kiev Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, da kuma kawai wani shekara daga baya don su kewaye wani sansanin soja da nufin Bagalike prince Vladimir Vladimirovich. Bayan shekaru biyar, tare da wannan manufa da aka yi ta da ɗan'uwansa - Yaroslav. 100 Bayan shekaru, a cikin 1255, a Lutsk Castle Lyuberta farmaki da Golden gwamnan Kuremsa. Ba shi ne na karshe, wanda ya yi kokarin hallaka katako Detinets.

Bayan gyara ta dutse ganuwar da castle kokarin cinye Polish sarakunan: Casimir a 1349 da kuma a 1431, Jagiello da Lithuanian Prince Sigismund a 1436.

Hadishi ga Kariya daga cikin castle na King Jagiello

Lokacin da Yaren mutanen Poland sarki kokarin kama da kai Volyn Westminster castle kewaye, bayan gwabza kazamin fada, da castle ne har yanzu iya yin tsayayya da onslaught da kuma kare 'yancin kai na lardin. Bisa ga labari, ba kawai da AMINCI na sansanin soja kare taimaka wajen lashe, amma kuma su na sirri dabara. Bayan wani dogon da kuma m, yaƙi ya kewaye, a lokacin da harsasai ya ƙare, da yan unguwa yanke shawarar catapult Dogayen sanda rubabben dabba carcasses. Karkashin wuta daga matattu dabbobi Dogayen sanda har yanzu ja da baya.

Daga baya, da yin amfani da sansanin soja

Lutsk castle na Westminster, kuma lauyoyinsa sun iya yin tsayayya ko da mamayewa na Tatars. A 1569, lokacin da Ljubljana jam'iyya da kuma kafa Rzeczpospolita, da castle zama mai sarauta zama an kammala. By da XVII karni da sansanin soja fara rasa ta tsaron gida damar iya yin komai. By wannan lokaci da castle housed: kotuna, da mazaunin bishop, stationery, iyali tsari. A yankuna na Upper da kuma Lower gidãje sun Latin kuma Orthodox bagade, wanda sanya shi yiwuwa a sadu da gentry na biyu addinai. A Lutsky kotun yana da ikon ba kawai a kan Volyn, amma kuma a kan da dama sauran larduna.

Daga tsakiyar karni XIX hadaddun kuma bai fara samun koma baya. Kuma a cikin 1863, jami'an sun yanke shawarar rarraba shi da kuma sayar a matsayin wani gini abu. Ziyartar hasumiyar da kewaye garun "tafi a karkashin da guduma" for 373 rubles. Sa'a, da castle basu da lokaci zuwa sayar, saboda a 1864 Hukumar Kiev haramta rushe daga cikin hadaddun. Amma da Lower Castle tsammani mafi bakin ciki rabo.

A 1870, ya zaunar da su a castle wuta birged, gina a kan Vladycha hasumiya rumfa, wanda aka gudanar da iko da birnin. A shekarar 1918, a kan filaye na castle aka gina a lokacin rani wasan kwaikwayo tare da wani katako, Pavilion da haraba. Wannan ya nuna da ake kira "rai hotuna", wanda a wancan lokaci an dauke duk takaici. Kuma akwai daya daga cikin na farko cinemas a Lutsk.

Yau Westminster Castle, ko Lutsk castle, a tarihi gidan kayan gargajiya da kuma na kasa tunawa.

hasumiyai

Ƙarfafa sansanin soja yana da siffar wani sababbu alwatika, a kowane kusurwa na hasumiyar wanda su ne: Away, Vladycha, Styrovaya. Daga yamma hasumiya located kai bishara, wanda ake tãyar da su duba gari daga wani tsuntsu ta jirgin. hasumiyar abubuwa gani daban-daban tarihin asali. Alal misali, a kan babban facade sama main ƙofar, da akwai guda biyu arches. A baya can, sun kasance wurare a cikin abin da shi yiwuwa a samu daga drawbridge, wanda yake a zaune a kan rami. Yau bricked arches da saba ƙofar aka gina maimakon wata gada.

Tu hasumiyar akwai biyu karkace staircases. Hasumiyar yana da dama matakan, kowanne daga abin da gidaje a nuni na zamanin d kwafi da zane-zane da kishin wannan castle, kazalika da kayayyakin gargajiya maps Volyn yankin. A saman bene - wani nuni da haihuwa toys, keys, kwalabe da sauran abubuwa. A Vladycha hasumiyar kuma ƙunshi nuni kishin birnin da karfi.

wurin kisa

Kafin Ziyartar hasumiya a cikin yadi ne kayayyakin amfani ga yaƙi ya kewaye, da kuma kare, kazalika da daban-daban kayan aikin, kiyaye tun tsakiyar zamanai. A XVI karni shi ne a wuri na kisa a wannan yankin, inda mutane da aka kashe, yawanci da yankan kashe shugaban.

sauran gine

A sansanin soja ne: kurkuku, yarima fādar, a lardin taskar da gidan gentry kotu. Partially kiyaye matsayin Cathedral Ioanna Bogoslova, wanda shi ne na farko Kirista coci a Lutsk. An ce, a can aka binne shi Prince Liubard.

Kusa da ragowa da haikalin da aka located nuni da haihuwa tiles da kuma tubalin. Nan za ka iya ganin tubalin na daban-daban masu girma dabam da kuma zamanai. A wasu lokutta akwai ko da tsoho inscriptions. Har yanzu a cikin yadi, ba za ka iya ganin ragowar katako, gine-gine da kuma tsohon karfe abubuwa.

Westminster Castle ne ma sanannen domin a manyan tarin tsoho karrarawa (kawai a Ukraine), da bugu gidan kayan gargajiya da kuma tarin makamai.

rubutu a bango

Cikin dukanin zama na sansanin soja na mutane da yawa bar Kwalayen ta m gefe. A gaskiya, duk da ganuwar tsakanin hasumiya an rufe tare da daban-daban kalmomi. M shi ne sunayen mutane da kuma kwanakin. A mafi tsufa rikodin a kan bango Dates daga 1444 shekara. Kwalayen muhimmi iri-iri na fonts da kuma rubutun vytsarapyvaniya hanyoyi. Daga cikin su akwai rikodin na shahararrun mutane kamar 'yan'uwa mãtã Lesia Ukrainka, Olga Kosach daga 1891.

ƙarshe

A nan mun hadu da ku, kuma da irin wannan m, kuma m janye daga yammacin Ukraine, a matsayin Westminster Castle. Lutsk maraba da baƙi da yawa ban sha'awa wurare, daga cikinsu, ta hanyar, akwai kuma saurã daga cikin Lower Castle. Amma Westminster Castle jiran yawon bude ido kullum daga 10:00 zuwa 18:00. Entrance fee ne kawai 10 UAH (game da 25 rubles Rasha) na manya da UAH 2 (game da 5 rubles.) Ga yaro. Amma wanda yake son ya ziyarci hasumiyar da kuma sauraron da yawon shakatawa, za su biya 50 UAH (a cikin 130 rubles.). Zo a cikin Lutsk, kuma kada ku shãfe ta da dogon tarihi na hannuwansu!