Paleolit- abin da ke da wannan? Paleolithic

Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic - da uku babban al'adu da tarihi Stone Age. Yana samu da sunan saboda gaskiyar cewa makamai a waɗannan kwanaki sanya kawai na dutse, da kuma kawai zuwa karshen karni fara da za a yi amfani da kashi da itace. Stone Age dade fiye da ɗaya da ɗari shekara dubu. Amma har yanzu, godiya ga m tarihi da kuma archaeological binciken, za mu iya koya a kalla babban wuraren da rayuwar m mutane a alfijir na wayewar dan adam.

Mene ne Paleolithic?

Mafi dadewar tarihin 'yan adam - shi ne zamanin da Paleolithic, mafi tsawo lokaci na Stone Age, wanda ya fara fiye da miliyan 2.5 da suka wuce. Its main alama - shi ne juyin halittar mutane daga dabbobi zuwa ga m da zamantakewa tsarin. Yana da matukar muhimmanci da kuma ma'ana bayyanar da magana ci gaba. A Paleolithic ne zuwa kashi uku, saukarwa: farkon, na tsakiya da kuma marigayi.

farkon Paleolithic

Wannan shi ne na farko kuma mafi tsawo mataki. Fara Paleolithic hade da gabatarwar da farko gwaggwon biri-mutumin - archanthropines. Ba su da wani babban ci gaban da (1.5 - 1.8 m) yana da halayyar da jinsin girare da kuma matafã ba Chin. Kamar yadda tufafi amfani da dabba konkoma karãtunsa fãtun, da suke zaune a kogwanni, da kuma a cikin ra'ayi na masana kimiyya da dama, rayayye aikata cin naman mutane. Babban siffa daga cikin farkon Paleolithic ne farkon na yin amfani da kai-sanya dutse kayan aikin. Suka yi ta yankan daga dutse daya ga sauran duk suka wuce haddi domin ya samar da wata sabon abu ko chipping. A hankali Manufacturing fasahar inganta, kuma akwai chisels da ake kira rawar soja - kayan aikin da abin da dug sama Tushen ko sassari itatuwa. Wani gagarumin juyin mataki farkon Paleolithic ne yin amfani da wuta. Traces of tsoho hearths shekaru miliyan 1.5. Years aka samu a terrritorii Afrika da Asiya. Amma a wannan mataki na zamanin d mutumin iya kawai ci gaba da wuta, shi kadai shi ne ba tukuna mined.

Middle Palaeolithic

A wannan lokacin, da rinjaye view shi ne har yanzu Homo erectus da kuma ta ci gaba ya ci gaba. . A Afirka, game 200-300 shekara dubu da suka wuce, wani sabon nau'in, wanda shi ne na kwakwalwa girma ya kusa zamani mutum - a Nearnderthal. Suka bambanta da ci gaban tattalin arzikin da kuma karfi sosai daga tuhumar zargin, wanda ya ba su babba jiki ƙarfi. Middle Palaeolithic - wannan shi ne zamanin da rayuwa, a matsayin kwatanta rayu, watakila, a cikin mafi tsananin yanayin damina - a cikin Ice Age.

Ya taimaka wa tsira da cewa mutane sun koya aikatãwa nasu wuta, ta punching. Yana da aka bude, mafi m da hatsari a yi na wani kaifi dutse kayan aikin. A daidai wannan lokaci, akwai na farko māsu da wuƙaƙen aske itace, arrowheads da scrapers for sarrafa dabba boyewa. Suka ci gaba ginin zamantakewa, mutane suna rayuwa a cikin manyan kungiyoyin, domin ta kula da tsofaffi. Kunno kai art a cikin nau'i na kogo zane-zane da suke nuna farauta ko sau da yawa sosai mata, wanda za a iya daukarsa matriarchal yanayi.

marigayi Paleolithic

Wannan ne lokacin da akwai wani mutum mai kama da zamani - cro-magnon, mai suna shi a cikin girmamawa ga mutumin cro-magnon kogo, wanda na tarar da ya rage. Cro-magnon phenotype kama zamani mutane: high goshi, pronounced Chin, karami, tsokoki, motor ci gaban hannuwa cewa ya taimaka wajen samar da ci-gaba da makamai saboda farauta da kuma rayuwar yau da kullum. Babban abu shi ne har yanzu - dutse. A lokacin da Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic (Early) ya bayyana da farko semblance jiragen. Wannan aka riga da farko manufacturer na rafts ko rajistan ayyukan bushe sanduna. Sanya daga ƙasusuwan da allura, da progenitor na zamani, ya yi amfani da su domin tufafi, saka kwanduna daga Willow twigs. Rayayye ɓullo da m art: adadi na giwa da ƙashi na daga Santa, kogon zane-zane. Paleolithic ga marigayi mataki alama farkon domestication na dabbobin daji, da farko, kamar yadda muka sani, da karnuka sun zama. Cro-Magnons lokaci aka ƙaddara da hasken rana da kuma Lunar kalandarku. M jama'a ne a hankali maye gurbinsu a matriarchal kabila al'umma. Production na farko lãka Figures characterizes paleolith. A Neolithic ne alama ta bayyanar da farko kumar kasko.

Mesolithic

Wannan epoch kara daga karshen na karshe kankara shekaru. Wannan sashe na masana kimiyya da kuma tarihi yana da wani m yanayi. An bayyana mafi karfi a arewa na ba-rana Turai. A wannan lokacin ta ci gaba da inganta makami rukũ'i, kuma kibiya ya bayyana. Mutane kiwo a gida dabbobin daji, bauna, da dawakai, da shanu. Society gwamnatin da akwai na farko dokoki na gudanarwa dokoki. Mesolithic ne halin da kara ci gaba da magana.

Neolithic

Idan Paleolithic - wani lokaci na aiki farauta, kama kifi da kuma taro, daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka faru na Neolithic - miƙa mulki ga wata samar da tattalin arzikin: noma da kuma dabbobi husbandry. Mutane sun zama mafi haɗe zuwa wuri guda, suka fara bayyana da farko, gidãjensu ne, bukkoki da ko da birane. Clay aka yi amfani ga yi na glassware da art.

Neolithic kazalika Paleolithic ne zuwa kashi farkon, na tsakiya da kuma marigayi lokaci. Kuma kowanne daga cikinsu tafi unevenly ko a daya kuma lokaci guda, daban-daban al'adu zo a cikin kowane mataki a daban-daban sau. Ko sa'an nan, babban ci gaban zai iya gadara da, misali, karkarar China na zamani.

Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic - shi ne mai milestone a juyin halittar mutum a matsayin jinsin. Ga dubban shekaru da ya lashe daga yanayi ta wurin karkashin rana. Daya nau'in maye gurbinsu da wasu, da ingantattun kayan aiki, da bambance bambancen tsarin na herding, wanda shi ne halayyar da dabbobi, da m al'ummomi da aka ɗauki cikinsa art.