Kirghiz SSR: tarihi, da ilimi, alama, flag, photo, filin, babban birnin kasar, soja raka'a. Frunze, Kirghiz SSR

Kirghiz SSR - daya daga cikin goma sha biyar tsohon Tarayyar jamhuriyoyin. Shi ne da riga shi zuwa na zamani Kyrgyzstan. Kamar sauran kasar, wannan jiha mahaluži yana da halaye hade da tarihi, da al'adu, Gwargwadon wuri, tattalin arziki yanayi da kuma kabilanci da yawan jama'a. Bari mu gano a cikin daki-daki, abin da ya ƙunshi Kirghiz SSR, da fasali da kuma tarihi.

Gwargwadon matsayi

Da farko, bari mu gano da yanayin wuri na ƙasar. Kirghiz SSR yana cikin kudu da Tarayyar Soviet, a gabashin yankin tsakiyar Asiya na shi. A arewa shi ne kẽwayesu da da Kazakh SSR, a yamma - tare da Uzbek SSR, a kudu maso yammacin kuma kudu - tare da Tajik SSR, a gabas da shi da iyaka da kasar Sin. A duka yankin na jamhuriyar ne kusan 200,000 murabba'in mita. km.

Wannan jama'a ilimi ba da damar yin amfani da tẽku, kuma mafi yawan kasar ta ƙasa ne duwãtsu. Ko intermountain kwaruruka, kamar Issyk-Kul, Fergana da Jumgal rami, kazalika da Talas Valley, dake a tsawon akalla 500 m sama da teku matakin. Babban dutsen kewayon kasar - da Tien-Shan. The girma ganiya - ganiya Pobeda. A kudancin Kyrgyzstan - da Pamir dutsen tsarin. A da kan iyaka da kasar Tajikistan shi ne Lenin ganiya.

The most tafki na Kyrgyzstan - Issyk-Kul Lake, located a kan arewa-maso-gabas.

prehistory

A zamanin da a kan ƙasa na Kyrgyzstan sun rayu daban-daban Indo-Turai nomadic kabilu, wanda a farkon tsakiyar zamanai aka maye gurbinsu da Turkic al'ummai. A lokacin tsakiyar zamanai nan daga kudancin Siberia zo da wasu kungiyoyin Yenisei Kyrgyzstan, wanda garwaye da gida, yawan, kafa zamani kabilanci hali na kasar da kuma ba da sunan duk da mutane. Musamman tsanani wannan hijirarsa ya faru, da suka fara daga XIV karni.

Kyrgyzstan ya yi yaƙi domin 'yancin kai daga m Uzbek jihohin, musamman tare da Kokand Khanate. Its shugabanni nasara babba ƙasa na Kyrgyzstan da kuma a 1825 harsãshin sansanin soja - Pishpek (yau Bishkek). A cikin shakka daga wannan gwagwarmaya, a cikin XIX karni, wasu kabilu yarda Rasha taimako da kariya, sa'an nan dan kasa. Saboda haka, ya zama babban magoya bayan na Kyrgyzstan Rasha fadada a Asiya ta tsakiya cikin gida mutane.

A 50-60-ies na XIX karni, nan gaba arewa na Kirghiz SSR da aka ci nasarar da Rasha Empire a cikin Kokand Khanate. A farko Rasha garu Fort to, ya zama Przhevalsk (zamani Karakol). A cikin ƙasashe na arewacin Kyrgyzstan da kuma gabashin Kazakhstan a cikin Rasha Empire Semirechenskaya yankin tare da wani administrative cibiyar a birnin Verny (zamani Almaty) shi aka kafa a 1867. A yankin da aka raba biyar gundumomi, biyu daga wanda - Pishpek (Ch birni Pishpek.) Kuma Przewalski (Babi na Karakol birni.) - sun Kyrgyzstan. Da farko, da Bakwai Rivers aka subordinated Steppe Janar gwamnatin, amma a 1898 canjawa wuri zuwa Turkestan lardin (Turkestan).

A 1876, Rasha ta gaba daya ci Kokand Khanate da kuma hada a membobinsu duk da karkararta, ciki har da kudancin Kyrgyzstan. A waɗannan ƙasashe Ferghana yankin tare da administrative cibiyar a Kokand aka kafa. Ta kuma Semirechenskaya yanki wani bangare ne na Turkestan. Raba Fergana yankin 5 kananan hukumomi, daya daga wanda - Osh (administrative cibiyar - birnin Osh), ya kan Kyrgyzstan ƙasar.

Formation na Kirghiz SSR

A gaskiya, asalin dogon aiwatar da samuwar Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar za a iya daukarsa a matsayin juyin juya halin Musulunci events na 1917. Tun lokacin da juyin juya halin, to daidai lokacin da Kirghiz SSR aka kafa, shi ya dauki kusan shekaru 20.

A watan Afrilu na shekarar 1918, karkarar Turkestan, ciki har da dukan zamani jihohin na Asiya ta tsakiya da kuma kudu-maso-gabas da Kazakhstan, da Bolsheviks ya halicci babban m mahaluži - da Turkestan cin gashin kanta Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar, ko Turkestan Soviet Jamhuriyar, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na RSFSR. Kyrgyzstan ƙasar, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Semirechensk da Fergana yankin, an kuma hada a cikin wannan ilimi.

A 1924, wani m shirin da aka aiwatar kasa delimitation na Asiya ta tsakiya, a cikin abin da Authority ya samu dukan manyan al'ummai inhabiting Turkestan, ciki har da Kyrgyzstan. Semirechensk na sassa da Fergana yankin, kazalika da wani karamin yanki na Syrdarya yankin (arewa na ba Kyrgyzstan), inda da girma da yawan jama'a sun Kyrgyzstan, aka halitta da Kara-Kyrgyzstan hadin gwiwa-stock kamfanin tare da administrative cibiyar a garin Pishpek. Wannan sunan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa yayin da Kyrgyzstan ASSR aka kira zamani Kazakhstan, a matsayin Kazakh al'adar fadar sau kuskure kira kaysakov-Kirghiz. Duk da haka, a watan Mayu shekara ta 1925 da yankin Kyrgyzstan zama da aka sani da Kyrgyzstan JSC tun Kazakhstan tsiwirwirinsu sunan Kazakh ASSR, da kuma rikice da aka ci karo. Cin gashin kai tsaye ɓangare na RSFSR, kuma ba guda Soviet jamhuriyar.

A watan Fabrairu 1926 akwai wani administrative canje-canje - Kyrgyzstan JSC zama Kirgiz mai cin gashin kanta Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar cikin RSFSR, wanda ya samar da ga bayar da mafi hakkin zuwa cin gashin. A wannan shekara, Gudanarwa cibiyar na Kirghiz SSR Pishpek ya canja da sunan da zuwa birnin Frunze, bayan sanannen ja kwamandan a lokacin yakin basasa.

Bayan shekaru 10, a 1936, da Kyrgyzstan ASSR aka cire daga RSFSR, kazalika da sauran jamhuriyoyin na Asiya ta tsakiya, da kuma ya zama wani cikakken fledged batu na Tarayyar Soviet. Akwai ya kasance wani mataki na Kirghiz SSR.

Republican symbolism

Kamar yadda kowane Soviet jumhuriya, a cikin Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar shi da kansa alamomin, wanda kunshi tutar, alama da take.

Flag na Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar lokacin da aka halicce gaba daya ja flag, inda rawaya block haruffa da aka rubuta da sunan Jamhuriyar a Kyrgyzstan da kuma Rasha. A shekarar 1952, bayyanar da tutar da aka canza ma. Yanzu a tsakiyar wani jan zane da aka gudanar m blue band, wanda, bi da bi, cikin biyu daidai sassa shared fari. A saman kwanar hagu na guduma da lauje da biyar-nuna star aka nuna. All tasirin an cire. Saboda haka flag daga cikin Kirghiz SSR ya kasance har sai da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet kasar.

Waƙar na jamhuriyar ya song ga kalmomi Sydykbekova, Tokombaeva, Malikova, Tokobaev da Abayldaeva. Music rubuta Maodybaev, Vlasov da Fere.

Alama na Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar aka soma a 1937 da kuma wani kumshin image a cikin da'irar da wata ƙawa. The gashi na makamai nuna duwãtsu, da rana, da kunnuwa na alkama da kuma auduga rassan, Twisted ja kintinkiri. Gashi na makamai surmounted da wani biyar-nuna star. Ta hanyar da shi aka jefa a kan tef tare da rubutu "Ma'aikata dukan ƙasashe, gama!" A Kyrgyzstan da kuma Rasha harsuna. A kasa na gashi na makamai da rubutu da sunan Jamhuriyar a cikin kasa harshe.

administrative division

Kafin 1938, Kyrgyzstan ya kasu kashi 47 gundumomi. Ya fi girma administrative raka'a a lokacin da aka ba a cikin abun da ke ciki. A shekara ta 1938, sassan da Kirghiz SSR sõyayya a hudu kananan hukumomi: Issyk-Kul, Tian Shan, Jalal-Abad da kuma Osh. Amma wasu yankunan da aka ba biyaya ga gundumar, da kuma na jam'iyyar Republican.

A 1939, duk gundumomi sun samu matsayi na yankunan, da kuma yankunan da ba su kasance a cikin gundumar mika wuya sõyayya a Frunze yankin tare da cibiyar a birnin Frunze. Kirghiz SSR ya zuwa yanzu kunshi biyar yankunan.

A shekarar 1944 ya aka kasaftawa Talas yankin, amma a 1956 an narkar. Wasu yankunan na Kyrgyzstan SSR, fãce Osh, aka soke daga shekarar 1959 zuwa 1962. Saboda haka, jamhuriyar kunshi guda yankin, da kuma yankunan da aka ba kunshe a shi, suka kai tsaye ƙarƙashin Jamhuriyar.

A m shekaru, yankin da aka mayar, sabuwar soke. A lokacin da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, Kyrgyzstan da aka hada da shida yankuna: Chui (da Frunze), Osh, Naryn (tsohon Tien Shan), Talas, Issyk-Kul, kuma Jalal-Abad.

management

Da ainihin management na Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar har Oktoba 1990 a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Kyrgyzstan, wanda, bi da bi, ku yi ɗã'a ga jam'iyyar kwaminis. The m jiki na kungiyar ya kwamitin tsakiya. Za mu iya cewa da farko Sakataren kwamitin tsakiya shi ne a zahiri shine shugaban na Kyrgyzstan, ko da yake ƙa'ida shi ba haka ba.

The m majalisu ma'aikata na Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar a lokacin da aka majalisar jiki - Majalisar Koli, wanda kunshi guda jam'iyya. Ya aka faruwa ga 'yan kwanaki a shekara, a matsayin tsaye jiki na Presidium ya.

A shekarar 1990, ofishin shugaban kasar da aka gabatar a KirSSR, wanda zaben ya faru da kai tsaye zaben. Shugaban kasar daga wannan lokacin ya zama wani aikin hukuma da kuma a zahiri shine shugaban Kyrgyzstan.

babban birnin kasar

Frunze City - babban birnin na Kirghiz SSR. Don haka shi ne a ko'ina cikin wanzuwar Soviet Republic.

Frunze, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, aka kafa a 1825 a matsayin outpost na Khanate na Kokand, kuma yana da asali sunan Pishpek. A yaki da Khanate na castle aka halaka su da sojojin Rasha, amma bayan wani lokaci ya bayyana wani sabon shiri. Tun 1878, birnin ne administrative cibiyar Pishpek County.

Tun 1924, lokacin da akwai wani kasa delimitation na Central Asia da al'ummai, Pishpek alternately kasance babban birni na Kara-Kyrgyzstan mai cin gashin kanta JSC Kyrgyzstan da kuma Kyrgyzstan ASSR.

A 1926, birnin samu wani sabon sunan - Frunze. Kirghiz SSR cikin ta zama daga 1936 zuwa 1991 ya kasance da babban birnin kasar da aka karkashin wannan sunan. Pishpek aka sake masa suna a cikin girmamawa daga cikin shahararrun kwamandan Mikhail Frunze Red Army, wanda, ko da yake shi ne mai Harshen Maldavian kabila amma aka haife shi a wannan tsakiyar Asiya birni.

Kamar yadda na ambata a sama, tun 1936 Frunze - babban birnin na Kirghiz SSR. A lokacin da masana'antu a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a can ana gina manyan masana'antu da kuma kasuwanci. A birni ne kullum ana inganta. More kuma mafi kyau ta zama Frunze. Kirghiz SSR iya zama alfahari da irin wannan babban birnin kasar. By farkon 90 ta yawan Frunze gabatowa 620 dubu. Man.

A watan Fabrairu na shekarar 1991, Mai tanƙwasãwa Soviet na Kirghiz SSR yanke shawarar sake sunan birnin Bishkek, wanda corresponded zuwa kasa nau'i na tarihi sunan.

Kyrgyzstan birni

Babbar garuruwa na Kyrgyzstan SSR, bayan Frunze - Osh, Jalal-Abad, Karakol (zamani Karakol). Amma wani dukan-ƙungiyar nagartacce, yawan mazaunan wadannan matsugunai ba haka ba ne mai girma. Yawan mazauna a cikin mafi girma daga cikin biranen - Osh, bai isa har zuwa 220 dubu, yayin da wasu biyu suka ko da kasa da dubu 100.

A general, da Kirghiz SSR ya kasance daya daga cikin kalla urbanized jamhuriyoyin da Tarayyar Soviet, saboda haka yankunan karkara yawan rinjaye a nan a kan yawan birane mazauna. Wannan halin da ake ciki ta ci gaba a yau.

A tattalin arzikin na Kirghiz SSR

Haka kuma, da rabo daga cikin yawan rarraba, da tattalin arziki na Kyrgyzstan SSR sa agro-masana'antu hali.

Kafuwar noma ya dabba husbandry. A musamman, mafi ɓullo da suka tumaki. A wani babban matakin da aka ci gaban doki kiwo da kuma shanu kiwo.

Amfanin gona samar ma bautar wani abu matsayi a cikin kasa da tattalin arziki. Taba growers, hatsi, fodder, da muhimmanci-mai amfanin gona, dankali da kuma auduga musamman shahara Kirghiz SSR. Photo auduga girbi a daya daga cikin gonaki na jamhuriyar ne ayi a kasa.

Industrial kwatance da aka gabatar yafi Mining (kwal, man fetur, da gas), inji aikin injiniya, haske da masakun.

soja raka'a

A Soviet sau, soja raka'a a Kirghiz SSR aka located fairly m raga. Wannan shi ne saboda sparsely lugar yankuna, kazalika da muhimmanci geopolitical wuri na ƙasar. A daya hannun, Kyrgyzstan ya kusa Afghanistan da kuma wasu kasashen a gabas ta tsakiya, inda Tarayyar Soviet da da bukatunta. A daya hannun, kasar da aka kẽwayesu da kasar Sin, tare da wanda Tarayyar Soviet a cikin waɗannan kwanaki sun kyawawan siga dangantakar, da kuma wani lokacin har ya wuce a cikin m adawa, ko da yake bai zo domin ya bude yaki. Saboda haka, da kan iyaka da kasar Sin ne kullum m ya karu gaban Soviet sojojin.

Abin lura shi ne, amma wani sananne Ukrainian dambe Vitali Klitschko da kuma siyasa haifa a cikin ƙasa na Kyrgyzstan SSR a Belovodskoe kauyen a lokacin da mahaifinsa, wanda yake kwararren soja, aka gudanar a can sabis.

Idan ka shiga cikin labarin har ma da kara, za mu iya ganin cewa, a lokacin da Mai girma Patriotic War a 1941 a kan ƙasa na Kyrgyzstan SSR uku sojan doki ƙungiyoyin aka kafa.

Da kawar da Kyrgyzstan SSR

A marigayi 80-ies a cikin Tarayyar Soviet shi ne lokacin canji, wanda ya dauki sunan perestroika. Mutanen Tarayyar Soviet samu wani gagarumin easing a siyasa sharuddan, wanda, bi da bi, ba kawai ya kawo tsarin dimokuradiyya na al'umma, amma kuma kaddamar da wani centrifugal nufi. Kada ka zauna a gefe da kuma Kyrgyzstan.

Shugaba - A watan Oktoba 1990, sabon hukuma post da aka gabatar a kasar. Kuma shugaban na Kyrgyzstan Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar zabe ta kai tsaye zaben. Zaben nasara lashe ba Farko Sakataren Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Kyrgyzstan Absamat Masaliev, da kuma wani wakilin garambawul motsi, Askar Akayev. Wannan shi ne wani nuni da cewa mutane suna m canji. Ba kalla rawa a cikin wannan da aka buga da abin da ake kira "Osh kisan kiyashin" - wani mummunan rikici da ya faru a lokacin rani na shekara ta 1990 a birnin Osh tsakanin Kyrgyzstan da kuma Uzbeks. Wannan shi ne wani babban har gurgunta matsayin kwaminis Elite.

Disamba 15, 1990 soma da jawabi a jihar mulkin Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar, wanda ya yi kira da daukaka na dokokin kasa kan dukan-ƙungiyar.

Fabrairu 5, 1991, Majalisar Koli na Kyrgyzstan soma wani ƙuduri sake sunan da Kyrgyzstan SSR a Jamhuriyar Kyrgyzstan. Bayan abubuwan da suka faru na Agusta juyin mulki Askar Akayev bayyane Allah wadai da yunkurin juyin mulki mambobi ne na gaggawa na kwamitin, kuma a kan Agusta 31, Kyrgyzstan ta sanar da janyewa daga Tarayyar Soviet.

Kamar wancan ƙare labarin da Kirghiz SSR, da kuma fara da tarihin sabon kasa - da Jamhuriyar Kyrgyzstan.