The White Sea: Sea matsalolin muhalli

The halitta iyaka da Rasha Federation daga arewa - shi ne Arctic Ocean. Da zarar an kira Jelly Sea ko Arctic tasa. Yau a Ocean tasa hada da shida daga cikin tekuna, wanda a hukumance ake kira Barents, White, Kara, Laptev, Gabas Siberian, Chukchi. Abin baƙin ciki, duk lokacin da wannan halitta yanki tasowa tsanani muhalli halin da ake ciki. Mun dauki kusa look at White Sea. Matsalolin muhalli da ake yi har na wani yawan abubuwan. Ciki har da sauyin yanayi, da siyasa, da rashin tabbas, farauta.

Sea maida hankali ne akan wani yanki na kan 90 murabba'in kilomita kuma ya kai zurfin 350 m. A nan ne masu Solovki, Morzhovets, Mudyugsky tsibiran, wanda ake inextricably nasaba da tarihin kasarmu. A farko a cikin wannan jerin ne sanannen Solovetsky sufi.

Sarrafawa na White Sea

Ko da yake shi nasa ne da Arctic Ocean, da teku ne dake a cikin babban yankin, a arewacin tekun na Rasha. Gwargwado kai 35%. A cikin hunturu shi freezes. Ta hanyar sassa makogwaro, kazalika da mazurari haɗa ta Barents Sea. Tare da taimakon da White Sea-Baltic Canal jiragen ruwa za su iya shiga cikin Baltic Sea, Azov, Caspian, Black. Wannan hanya da aka saka suna na Volga-Baltic. Kawai notional mike line, koyi iyakar rarrabe Barents kuma White Sea. Sea matsaloli bukatar nan da nan mafita.

Da fari dai, massively zasu kare dabbobi, ciki har da marine, nazarin halittu albarkatun suna bace. Wasu wakilan da fauna da suka rayu a cikin nisa arewa, kawai bace.

Na biyu, shi ne canza jihar na kasar gona, wanda ya zama defrosted Jihar permafrost. Wannan shi ne duniya cataclysm Warming, sakamakon narkewa glaciers. Abu na uku, shi ne a cikin ta Arewa a yawan Amurka tana gudanar da makaman nukiliya gwaje-gwaje. Irin ayyuka suna da za'ayi a karkashin lakabi na matsananci halin asiri, don haka masana kimiyya da wuya a gane gaskiya har na lalacewa da kuma gurbatawa a sakamakon nukiliya effects. Wadannan su ne a yau da babban matsala na White Sea. A takaice daga cikin jerin da aka sani a duniya, amma kadan ne da ake yi don magance su.

A matsayi na Rasha da kuma sauran kasashe

A farko matsala - halakar dabbobi - aka dauka a karkashin jihar iko a karshen karni na karshe, a lokacin da akwai wani moratorium a kan kamawa dabbobi, da tsuntsaye da kifaye. Wannan ƙwarai inganta da yanayin yankin. A lokaci guda a kan duniya matsala na dab kankara, kazalika da makaman nukiliya gurbatawa shafi daya jiha ne quite wuya. Daga wadannan dalilai shafi jihar bakin teku yankin da kuma duk na White Sea. Sea matsala a nan gaba zai yi girma saboda da shirya da kuma man gas samarwa a kan ƙasa da teku. Wannan zai kai ga karin gurbatawa na teku ruwa.

Gaskiyar cewa yankin na Arctic Ocean har yanzu ba ya kamãta da kõwa. A yawan kasashen tsunduma a cikin sassaƙa-up yankunan. Saboda haka, don warware tasowa al'amurran da suka shafi ne da wuya. A matakin kasa da kasa, sa biyu tambayoyi: tattalin arziki da yin amfani da Arctic albarkatun ma'adinai da kuma muhalli jihar na Arctic Ocean. Haka kuma, ci gaban da adibas nefteuglerodnyh rashin alheri a fifiko. Muddin jihar tare da so raba nahiyar shelves, yanayi ne da fuskantar mafi kuma mafi matsaloli, biobalance keta. Kuma lokacin da al'ummomin kasa da kasa zai fara tafiyar da tara matsaloli, ya ba tukuna aka tsĩrar.

Rasha dubi a jihar da muhalli halin da ake ciki na Arewa Basin a matsayin idan daga waje. Our kasar ta damu kawai da bakinta arewa da kuma fadar White Sea. Matsalolin muhalli ba zai iya zama a kan wannan shafi - shi ne wani batu da ya kamata a kusata a duniya.

Mene ne fifiko?

A ci gaban da filayen man fetur mutanen suna taimaka wa ci gaba da kara muhalli. Kada ka daina wani da zurfi, kuma bã su da lambar ba, kuma ba da gaskiya cewa yankin za a iya dangana ga muhalli hadura. Yana iya zaci cewa mai mahakar a manyan yawa za a gina a lokaci guda. Rijiyoyin za a located a takaice nisa daga juna da kuma ta haka ne zuwa kasashe daban-daban.

A sakamakon nukiliya gwaji za a iya kauce masa, kuma da gaske yana bukatar a yi, amma a Arewa domin su gudanar da tsarkakewa matakai ne quite tsada saboda yanayi na permafrost. Bugu da kari, yayin da ga kasashe ba kafa doka alhakin wadannan yankunan. muhalli damuwa na White Sea aka karatu mafi kyau. A takaice sun yi kokarin gabatar da kwamitin da Rasha Ma'aikatar gaggawa yanayi, to hango ko hasashen da manyan trends.

impermanent permafrost

Iyakar na Siberian permafrost a yammacin ɓangare na kullum canjawa saboda dumamar yanayi. Saboda haka, bisa ga Gaggawa ma'aikatar, a 2030 za ta motsa har zuwa 80 km. Yau da girma na tutur icing an rage zuwa 4 cm a kowace shekara.

Wannan zai iya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a kan ƙasa na Rasha a shekara goma sha biyar da gidaje stock na arewa za a iya halaka su da 25%. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da gina gidaje a can ya auku via tuki tara a permafrost Layer. Idan talakawan zafin jiki yakan ma da 'yan digiri, da hali damar kafuwar an rage da rabi. Hatsarori kuma fallasa karkashin kasa ajiya na man fetur da sauran masana'antu da wuraren. Hanyoyi da filayen jiragen sama, ma, za su iya sha.

Lokacin da narkewa glaciers , akwai wani hadari hade tare da karuwa a arewacin koguna. A 'yan shekaru da suka wuce da aka zaci cewa su girma a cikin bazara na shekarar 2015 za ta kara da 90%, haddasa ambaliyar ruwa. Ambaliyar ruwa sa halakar ga ~ ar teku, da kuma akwai hadarin lokacin da tuki a kan karauka. A cikin ƙasa na arewa, inda fadar White Sea, wannan matsaloli kamar yadda a Siberia.

zurfin hira

Ga yanayi ne ma m methane gas saki daga ƙasa a lokacin da narkewa na glaciers zurfi. Methane qara yawan zafin jiki na ƙananan yanayi. Bugu da kari, da gas yana da mummunan tasiri a kan mutum kiwon lafiya na mazauna yankin.

A cikin Arctic a cikin past 35 shekaru, da adadin kankara ragu daga miliyan 7.2 zuwa 4.3 murabba'in kilomita miliyan. Wannan yana nufin wani raguwa a permafrost yanki da kusan 40%. A kauri daga cikin kankara ya rage da kusan rabi. Duk da haka, akwai m al'amurran. A Kudu iyakacin duniya dab kankara sa girgizar kasa saboda da intermittent yanayin da narke. A Arewa, wannan tsari ne sauka a hankali, da kuma halin da ake ciki shi ne mafi faɗi. Don tabbatar da tsaron lafiyar mazauna arewacin yankunan Moe jagoranci yanke shawarar ba biyu expeditions zuwa Novaya Zemlya, da New Siberian Islands da kuma teku rairayin bakin teku.

A hatsari sabon shiri

A kan muhalli halin da ake ciki ƙwarai rinjayar da gina na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa Tsarin, kamar ikon shuke-shuke. Su yi nufin da manyan sikelin-tasiri a kan muhalli.

A cikin ƙasa na White Sea ne Mezenskaya PES - tidal ikon - rinjayar da biyu da ruwa da kuma a kan Gwargwadon da muhalli yanayi na ƙasar. Gina TPP kaiwa farko don canje-canje a cikin halitta ruwa wurare dabam dabam. A lokacin da gina madatsar ruwan da tafki da aka canza kama zuwa sifar lake da daban-daban swings da kuma a kan.

Wanne muhalli tsõron?

Hakika, a kan aiwatar da zayyana hadaddun, injiniyoyi sun iya hango ko hasashen da tasiri a kan na gida biosystem, fadar White Sea. Sea matsala, duk da haka, shi ne mafi kusantar su zamanto kawai a lokacin da wani ciniki aiki, da kuma aikin injiniya safiyo an aiki a kan gabar teku yanki na qasa.

Lokacin da PES ne aiki, rage kalaman da makamashi, da kuma tasiri a kan gantali na kankara filayen, canza kwarara tsarin mulki. Duk wannan zai haifar da wani canji a cikin tsarin sediments a kan seabed da jihar bakin teku sashi. Ya kamata a lura da cewa labarin kasa na mai taka muhimmiyar rawa a biocenosis tsarin. A lokacin shiri na ikon shuka onshore adibas za a canjawa wuri zuwa ga zurfin da taro a cikin wani nau'i na dakatar, kuma zai sha wahala duka White Sea. Matsalolin muhalli zai zama tougher kamar da bakin tekun na arewacin tekuna ba tsabtace muhalli, don haka lokacin da ka buga bakin tekun a zurfin ƙasa Yanã sakandare gurbatawa.

Matsalar - kamar yadda idan wani cokali na gishiri a cikin tẽku

A binciken da ta kunsa a Arctic yau ne key to wani hadari jihar yanayi a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Tare da wani ɓangare na tekun na Arctic Ocean ya batun da yawa na koyo to waɗannan wurare sun hada da, misali, fadar White Sea. Laptev Sea matsala ta ba tukuna, an yi karatu. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa kwanan nan aka sanye take da karamin balaguro.

Masana kimiyya ta dauki nauyin mai kamfanin "Rosneft". The balaguro saita kashe ma'aikata Murmansk Marine Halittu Cibiyar. Arba'in masana kimiyya sun sanya ƙungiya daga jirgin "Far Zelentsy". Dalilin da manufa ta sanar da shugaba Dmitry Ishkulov. A cewar Ishkulov, da fifiko da aka yi nazarin yanayin kasa na links, da samun bayanai game da muhalli da kuma nazarin halittu yanayin teku.

An sani cewa a kan ƙasa da Laptev Sea rayuwa kamar yadda kananan kifi da kaji, kazalika da manyan dabbobi kamar na iyakacin duniya bear, Whale. An zaci cewa a cikin kwari na arewa da tafki ne na almara Sannikov Land.

Kamar yadda shirya na yakin neman zabe, kamar aiki tare da irin wannan tsanani adadin ba da za'ayi a baya a cikin Arctic fiye da da.