The Great Patriotic War: da matakai na yaki

The Great Patriotic War, da matakai da za mu amsa a wannan talifin - shi ne daya daga cikin mafi wuya tarihi gwaji cewa sun auku a cikin Ukrainians, Russia, Belarusians da sauran al'umman da suke zaune a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Wadannan 1.418 kwana da dare har abada zama a cikin tarihi kamar yadda mafi jini da kuma m lokaci.

Babban matakai na Great Patriotic War

Periodization na yakin duniya na biyu events za a iya sanya dangane da yanayin da abubuwan dake faruwa a gaban. A daban-daban lokaci na yaki, da himma mallakar daban-daban sojojin.
Akayi yakin duniya na II, mafi masana tarihi bayani kamar haka:

• daga Yuni zuwa 22 Nuwamba 18, 1941 (Phase 1 na Great Patriotic War).
• daga 19 Nuwamba 1941 har zuwa karshen 1943 (Phase 2 na Great Patriotic War).
• daga Janairu 1944 zuwa May 1945 (3rd mataki na Great Patriotic War).

The Great Patriotic War: da lokaci

Kowace daga cikin Great Patriotic War yana da halaye, wanda lãbãri zuwa yankunan da fadan, da yin amfani da sabon iri na makamai da kuma amfanin daya daga cikin sojojin. Ina son farko magana game da matakai na Great Patriotic War a taƙaice.

• A matakin farko na fadan da aka halin da cikakken shirin na Nazi sojojin. A wannan lokaci, Hitler sojojin da aka cikakken shagaltar da Belarus, Ukraine, da kuma kusan kai Moscow. A Soviet sojojin, ba shakka, to da abinda suke iyawa kokawa, amma ko da yaushe suka tattara. Babbar nasarar da Red Army a lokacin babbar nasara ce ga Moscow. Amma a general, da Jamusanci m ci gaba. Sun kasance iya dauka da yawa daga cikin Caucasus, sun sauko kusan zuwa zamani kan iyakoki na Chechnya, Grozny amma ya gaza kai da Nazis. Muhimmanci fadace-fadace a tsakiyar 1942 ya faru a kan Crimean gaban. Stage 1 ƙare yakin Stalingrad.
• A mataki na biyu na Great Patriotic War, da Red Army kawo riba. Bayan nasara a Stalingrad, sojojin Paulus Soviet sojojin samu yanayi mai kyau domin 'yantar m. Breaking na Siege na Leningrad, yakin Kursk da janar hari a kan duk fronts a lokacin ya bayyana a fili cewa Hitler sojojin za su jima ko daga baya rasa yaki.
• A lokaci na ƙarshe da yaki da Red Army a lokacin m ci gaba. A yãƙi ya faru riga a cikin ƙasa a cikin Ukraine da kuma Belarus. Wannan lokaci da aka halin da m gaba na Red Army zuwa yamma da kuma m juriya na abokan gaba. Wannan shi ne na karshe mataki a cikin yakin duniya na biyu ya ƙare a cikin nasara a kan abokan gaba.

Sanadin yakin duniya na II data kasance periodization

Akayi na Great Patriotic War, ko kuma wajen da farko da kuma ƙarshen, alama da wasu key events, fadace-fadace, wanda ya shiga cikin tarihi na duniya. A mafi tsawo da aka farkon lokaci na yaki. A dalilai domin wannan su ne kamar haka:

• da mamaki kai hari daga abokan gaba.
• hari massed sojojin a gaban muhimmanci miƙa yankuna.
• babu mai yawa kwarewa da yaƙi a cikin Soviet sojojin.
• illa na Jamus sojojin a cikin fasaha kayan aiki.

Dakatar da gaba da makiya cikakken gudanar kawai ta karshen 1942. Babban dalilin da nasarar da Red Army a karo na biyu lokaci na yaki za a iya gani,

• da heroism na Soviet sojojin.
• da magabaci daga cikin yawan Red Army a kan abokan gaba;
• Gagarumin ci gaba Soviet sojojin a cikin fasaha sharuddan (fitowan da sabon tankuna da anti-jirgin sama shigarwa, da dai sauransu).

The uku mataki na yaki ya kuma quite dogon. Babban bambanci tsakanin 2nd da 3rd matakai na soja da na Jamus farkisanci sojojin wakilci a gaskiyar cewa a shekarar 1944, da cibiyar da tashin yada daga Rasha zuwa Ukraine da Belarus, da aka gano a gaba motsi zuwa yamma. A karshe mataki na Great Patriotic War dade fiye da shekara guda, saboda kumbon sama jannati ya 'yanto da dukan Ukraine da Belarus, kazalika da kasashen Gabashin Turai.

Battle 1941

A 1941, matsayin da Tarayyar Soviet, kamar yadda riga ya nanata, shi ne musamman wuya. A harin farko da dakaru da kuma motorized sassa Nazi sojojin sha wahala Belarus da kuma Lithuania. Yuni 22 ya fara da tsaro na Brest sansanin soja. The Nazis fatan wuce wannan outpost ne da yawa fiye da suka yi nasara. Kwanaki da dama na gwabza kazamin fada, da kuma karshe sallama da Brest dauki kawai 20 Yuli 1941. Har ila yau, a cikin waɗannan kwanaki da Jamus da aka inganta a cikin shugabanci na Siauliai da Grodno. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Yuni 23-25, Tarayyar Soviet sojojin koma a cikin wadannan kwatance ga m.

A farko, saukarwa mai girma Patriotic War a 1941 ya nuna cewa da yawa tare da abokan gaba ba tare da tafiyarsu Red Army iya ba. Saboda haka mai girma shi ne mãsu alãma daga cikin Nazis! Yadda aka yi ritaya a cikin watannin farko na yaki? Yana shige da ta faɗa. Har ila yau, sojojin tawagar da 'yan gurguzun, to kara sa rai wuya ga maƙiyi ga rushe gine da wuraren da cewa ba za a iya kwashe su lafiya wurare. Strong Army juriya da aka hade tare da bukatar fitad da a raya ne mai muhimmanci domin samar da kasar.

Daga cikin mafi girma da fadace-fadace a 1941 shi ne ya kamata a lura da Kiev tsaron gida aiki, wanda dade daga Yuli 7 zuwa 26 ga watan Satumba, da kuma yakin ga Moscow (30 Satumba 1941 - Afrilu 1942). Har ila yau, wani muhimmin rawa a cikin tarihin yakin duniya na II sanya tsaro na Odessa da heroism na Soviet matuƙan.

1942 a yakin duniya na II tarihi

A can farko na Great Patriotic War nuna Hitler cewa Soviet sojojin kayar da shi kawai za su ci nasara ba. Ba aiwatuwa a rayuwar ta dabarun haƙiƙa kama Moscow kafin hunturu 1941. Kafin May 1942 suka tafi a kan general m na Soviet sojojin, wanda ya fara da Disamba 1941 kusa da Moscow. Amma wannan harin da aka tsaya da Nazis a Kharkov bridgehead, inda wani babban rukuni na sojojin da aka kewaye da rasa da yaƙi.

Bayan haka, Jamus sojojin suka kaddamar da wani farmakin, don haka baya ga Soviet sojojin ya tuna da tsaron gida ayyuka. Hitler san cewa zai zama da wuya ya kama da Moscow, don haka ya fi shafa na birnin aika wani m sunan Stalingrad.

Har ila yau, aiki m fascists sun faru a kan Crimean bridgehead. Tsaro na Sevastopol dade har Yuli 4, 1942. Daga watan Yuli zuwa Nuwamba da aiki tsaron gida ayyuka jagoranci Red Army a Stalingrad da Caucasus. Tsaro na Stalingrad shiga tarihin tarihi a matsayin misali na heroism da invincibility na Soviet sojojin. da aka lalatar da gaba daya da kansa, tsira da 'yan gidaje, amma Nazis kasance bã su iya kai shi. 1 mataki na Great Patriotic War aka lashe ta SC a Stalingrad da farkon na Soviet m. Ko da yake wasu sassa har yanzu faruwa a kan tsaro, amma sauyi a yaki riga nan.

A mataki na biyu na Great Patriotic War

Wannan lokaci tsawon kusan shekara guda. Hakika, ma, akwai mutane da yawa matsaloli a 1943, amma a cikin general gaba na mu sojojin ba su iya dakatar. Lokaci-lokaci, da Nazis koma cikin hari a wasu yankunan, amma Great Patriotic War, da matakai, da yaƙi da muke tattaunawa, koma zuwa jihar a lokacin da ya bayyana a fili cewa Jamus za ƙarshe rasa yaki.

"Zobe" aiki da aka kammala a kan Fabrairu 2, 1943. Army of General Paulus aka kewaye. Janairu 18 a wannan shekara, ya iya karshe karya, ta hanyar kawancen na Leningrad. Wadannan kwanaki, da Red Army kaddamar da wani farmakin a cikin shugabanci na Voronezh da Kaluga. Voronezh aka retaken daga abokan gaba a ranar 25 ga watan Janairu. A m ci gaba a. A watan Fabrairu 1943, ya gudanar da Voroshilovgrad m. A hankali, da Red Army ke da 'yanci na Ukraine, ko da yake ba duka na birni da aka mayar da da Nazis. Maris 1943 saki tuna Vyazma da sojojin counter-m na Hitler a cikin Donbas. Our sojojin ƙarshe sun jimre da wannan hari, amma Nazis gudanar da ɗan tsare da gaba na Soviet sojojin zurfi a cikin Ukraine. Fada a kan wannan bridgehead dade fiye da wata daya. Bayan da cewa, babban mayar da hankali na fada da aka canjawa wuri zuwa Kuban saboda ga nasara gabatarwa a kan West bukatar da za a warware daga makiya yankin Krasnodar, da Stavropol yankuna. Active fadace-fadace a cikin wannan yanki sun kasance game da watanni uku. The m aka wuya da kusanci da duwãtsu, kuma mataki da makiya jirgin sama.

The biyu da rabi na 1943

A tarihin yakin duniya na biyu a cikin watan Yuli 1943 tsaye. A wannan lokacin, akwai 2 da muhimmanci sosai events. Jamus m za a iya ji game da yadawa babbar m na Soviet sojojin. Amma shi kuwa bai sanu ba daidai inda shi za su kai farmaki. Hakika, da Soviet m soja da jami'an san cewa Jamus 'yan leƙen asirin aiki a dama kumbon sama jannati Tsarin (kazalika Soviet a Jamus), don haka matsakaicin yarda a cikin shakka daga misinformation. Yuli 5 a yakin Kursk. The Nazis fatan cewa ta lashe wannan yaƙi, za su sake tafi a kan m. Eh, za su iya kawai motsa, amma a general, yaƙi ba lashe, don haka a cikin kwanaki 20 na Yuli 1943 da mataki na biyu na Great Patriotic War kai da ganiya quality. Kuma abin da ta biyu da gagarumin taron? Kada ka manta da wani yaƙi a Prokhorovka? A cikin filin kusa wannan kauye shi bakuncin mafi girma a taba a lokacin tank yaƙi da kuma bar wa Tarayyar Soviet.

An fara daga Agusta 1943 har hunturu na 1943/1944 ta. The Red Army ta 'yanta yafi Ukrainian birnin. Shi kuwa yana da wuya su kayar da abokin gaba a cikin Kharkov yankin, amma da safe watan Agusta 23, 1943 Soviet sojojin gudanar ya shiga cikin birni. Kuma a sa'an nan na tafi zuwa jerin exemptions Ukrainian birane. A cikin watan Satumba 1943, da kumbon sama jannati shiga Donetsk, Poltava, Kremenchug, Sumy. A watan Oktoba mu dakarun 'yanci Dnipropetrovsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Melitopol da kuma sauran garuruwa.

Battle ga Kyiv

Kiev ya kasance daya daga cikin da dama yana kokarin muhimmanci birane da Tarayyar Soviet. A birni ta yawan kafin yaki ya zo miliyan 1. Man. A lokacin da shekaru na yakin duniya na biyu, shi ya rage da sau biyar. Amma yanzu babban abu. Red Army lokaci mai tsawo shirya domin kama na Kiev, saboda wannan birni ya kuma musamman muhimmanci ga Nazis. Domin kama Kiev ya haye Dnieper. Battle ga kogin, shi ne wata alama ce da Ukraine, shi ya fara a ranar 22 ga watan Satumba. Tilastawa kafa sosai nauyi, da yawa daga cikin sojojin ya mutu. A watan Oktoba, umurnin shirya don kokarin daukar Kiev. A mafi yawan dace domin wannan ya Bukrinsky bridgehead. Amma wadannan tsare-tsaren ya zama sananne ga Jamus, don haka suka jẽfa wani babba karfi a nan. Kiev dauki Bukrin bridgehead ya zama ba zai yiwu ba. Muna da hankali ya karbi aiki a sami wani wuri don kai farmaki makiya. An juya ta zama mafi kyau duka Lyutezhsky dugaduganmu, amma jefa dakarun kasance a zahiri da wuya sosai. Saboda Kiev ya dauki kafin na gaba tunawa da Nuwamba 7, umurnin Battle of Kiev ya yanke shawarar ya jefa dakarunta daga Bukrin a kan Lyutezhsky bridgehead. A gaskiya wannan shirin, haƙĩƙa, bai yi imani da wani abu saboda ina da unbeknownst ga makiya, a karkashin murfin na dare, biyu haye Dnieper da kuma fitar da nisa a kan ƙasar. Hakika, da yawa daga asarar sha wahala kumbon sama jannati, amma a cikin wani daban-daban hanya dauki Kiev ya gagara. Wannan hanya na Soviet soja shugabannin ci. Red Army gudanar a samu to Kiev da safe Nuwamba 6, 1943. Kuma da yãƙi a cikin Dnieper a cikin wasu sassa na gaban dade kusan har ƙarshen shekara. Tare KA nasara a wannan yaki na mataki na farko na Great Patriotic War.

The yaki a 1944- 1945 biennium.

A karshe mataki na Great Patriotic War fara tare da Kirovograd m. Janairu 8 Kirovograd birni da aka 'yanci. Har ila yau, a watan Janairu, da Soviet sojojin nasarar gudanar da yaki a cikin Korsun-Shevchenko gundumar (Cherkasy yankin na Ukraine), kazalika da kusan gaba daya liberated Kiev da Zhitomir yankin.

A karshe mataki na yakin duniya na II ya yiwu ne kawai godiya ga heroism na mu sojoji. A farkon rabin shekarar 1944 da aka saki kusan duk Dama-Bank Ukraine da kuma Crimea. A karshe mataki na yakin duniya na II aka alama ta daya daga cikin mafi girma a duk shekaru da na fada da farko na Red Army. Muna magana ne game Proskurov-Bukovina da Uman-Botosani m, wanda wuni a karshen watan Afrilu 1944. Kusan dukan ƙasar Ukraine da cikar wadannan ayyukan da aka saki, da sabuntawa na Jamhuriyar bayan da m yãƙi.

Red Army a cikin fadace-fadace ga kan iyakoki na Tarayyar Soviet

The Great Patriotic War, da matakai da za mu duba yiwuwar yau, yana zuwa ta ma'ana ƙarshe. Tun Afrilu 1944, Soviet sojojin sannu a hankali fara kau da Nazis a cikin ƙasa na cewa a farkon na yaki sun ga masõyansu, (misali Romania). Har ila yau, aiki tashin ya faru a kan Yaren mutanen Poland ƙasa. A shekarar 1944, al'amura masu yawa kasance a kan na biyu gaban. Lokacin da Jamus ta sha kashi zama makawa, da yaki mafi kuzari masõya da Tarayyar Soviet anti-Hitler hadaka. Fada a kasar Girka, Sicily, kusa da Mariana Islands, a Asia - Sai duk aka mayar da hankali a kan lashe anti-Hitler kawance a yaki da farkisanci.

3 matakai na Great Patriotic War ƙare May 9, 1945. Cewa wannan rana, dukan al'ummai na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet tasbĩhi game da babban biki - Nasara Day.

Sakamakon na Great Patriotic War

The Great Patriotic War, wanda da matakai na fada sun cikakken ma'ana, ya ƙare kusan 4 shekaru bayan fara. Ta kasance yafi m kuma na jini fiye da yakin duniya na farko, wanda ya ƙare a 1918.

A sakamakon za a iya raba 3 kungiyoyin: tattalin arziki, siyasa da kuma ethnographic. A yankuna da aka shagaltar, halaka mai yawa kamfanonin. Part na shuke-shuke da masana'antu da aka kwashe da kuma duk ya zo. A cikin sharuddan siyasa a zahiri canza dukan tsarin rayuwa a duniya, shi aka kafa sabuwar yanci. A hankali gina wani sabon tsaro tsarin a Turai da kuma duniya. New MDD ya zama Wakili na tsaro. A lokacin yakin, da yawa daga mutane sun mutu, don haka ya zama dole ya mayar da yawan jama'a.

Babban matakai na Great Patriotic War, kuma akwai uku, ya nuna cewa ya lashe irin wannan babban kasa kamar Tarayyar Soviet, ba shi yiwuwa. A jihar ne a hankali kunno kai daga rikicin, domin sake gina. A fannoni da dama, saurin dawo da tattalin arziki da Tarayyar Soviet saboda da jaruntakar kokarin da mutane.