Tempering karfe. Hanyar daga tsufa zuwa yanzu

The jiki Properties, musamman, taurin da wani abu ba kawai ya dogara a kan ta sinadaran abun da ke ciki, amma kuma a kan girma daga cikin kwayoyin tsarin. A daukan hankali misali ne lu'u-lu'u, kunsha na wannan carbon atoms a matsayin al'ada fensir gubar. Iron ma iya zama softer ko wuya, dangane da yadda aka kafa crystal raga. Wannan dukiyar da aka sani zuwa ga mutane na dogon lokaci, da kuma yadda yakan faru, da farko ya zama tartsatsi a cikin makamai da fasaha.

Tempering karfe aikata tun zamanin da a yi na takuba da sabers. gunsmith A abin zamba ya ya halicci ruwa da cewa ba zai karya a cikin yaƙin zai zama dai zai yiwu su kula da sharpness. Sword jarumi, takobi Saracen, kladenets Rasha jarumi ko samurai Katana hadu wadannan bukatu da samar da fasaha, an kawo su ga matakin na high art.

karfe Tempering samar da dumama da shi zuwa da zazzabi kira m. Its darajar yayi dace da jihar ta littattafai da karuwa a entropy auku, abu don crystalline canje-canje. Don gyara wannan halin da ake ciki, batun bukatar da za a sanyaya sauri. Hakika, wannan bayanin irin tsari ne musamman simplistic, a gaskiya, fasahar ne yawanci fiye da wuya. Duk da haka, shi ne, a wannan hanyar sanya daga karfe hardening a cikin gida a lokuta inda sayi kayan aiki kamar gatari, kuma da sauri blunts. Ya kamata a tuna da cewa zuwa maimaita wannan hanya sau da yawa ba zai iya zama in ba haka ba "gaji" karfe, ta ciki kwayoyin shaidu raunana, da kuma fãce remelting shi ga kome sãmi.

Kamar yadda a wani yanayin, ba za ka iya dogara da manufa na "da more, da mafi alhẽri." Don cimma da ake so Properties daga cikin abu, shi ya kamata mai tsanani da ake so zazzabi. Ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, da rashin alheri, ba za a iya amfani da su. Hanyar da suke amfani ga yawan zafin jiki kula, kuma sosai tsoho. A zafin jiki ne m da luminescence launi, da kuma lokacin da aka kai, da karfe quenching Saide na gaba lokaci - da sanyaya, wanda amfani da ruwa ko man fetur.

Fahimta masana kimiyya shigar da sakamako, ya bude wani sabon shafi na a metalworking fasahar. An gano cewa zurfin mai tsanani Layer dogara a kan halin yanzu mita.

A cikin zane, da kibiyoyi nuna cikakken bayani game da dumama yankin da kuma wucewa da-kori-kura Lines.

Sai ya zama zai yiwu surface hardening na karfe. Don incandescence abu ba gyara ta hanyar yin baftisma cikin harshen hearth yadda yake a tsakiyar shekaru daban-daban, amma saboda resistive dumama igiyoyin jawo nada ciwon ba kai tsaye lamba tare da shi. Wannan fasahar samar da wani musamman da kuma alama da sabanin Properties: waje da labarin iya zama m, amma a ciki da roba. Surface shigar da hardening da ake amfani a lokuta inda ake bukata ƙarfi da fragility ne unacceptable.

Marubucin na msar tambayar tushe da m hanyoyin da aikace-aikace na wannan fasahar ta fara a 1936, mu takwararta - wani farfesa VP Vologdin. Bugu da kari a jiki abũbuwan amfãni, wannan ci gaba ne da amfani da kuma tattalin arziki, saboda da dumama da workpiece ne kusan duk radiated makamashi na inductor.