Project 971 - jerin Multi-manufa nukiliya submarines: Bayani dalla-dalla

Submarines sun dade da babban mai daukan hankali da karfi da mu jiragen ruwa da kuma wajen} alubalantar m maƙiyi. Dalilin shi ne mai sauki: tare da jirgin sama dako, kasar mu ta tarihi ba dabarun, amma sai da roka kora daga karkashin ruwa, suna tabbas zai buga wani batu a duniya. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa ko da a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a haɗe mai da muhimmanci ga ci gaba da kuma samar da sabon iri submarines. A lokacin, da real nasara shi ne 971 aikin, a karkashin abin da ya halitta Multi-manufa low-amo motocin.

New "Pike"

A shekarar 1976 an yanke shawarar tsara da kuma gina sabon submarines. The aiki da aka neme su da sananne kamfanin "Malachite", wanda ya ko da yaushe kidaya a kan kasar ta nukiliya jiragen ruwa. Feature na sabon zane ne cewa a lokacin da ta ci gaba da aka cikakken amfani aiki lokaci na "Barracuda", amma saboda mataki na na ra'ayi zane da kuma da yawa lissafin an shige, wanda rage muhimmanci farashin aikin kanta da kuma kara da gudana aiki a cikin ta tsarin.

Ya bambanta da "kakanninmu" na iyali 945, 971 aikin, a cikin shawara na injiniyoyi daga Komsomolsk-on-Amur, ba za a yi amfani a samar da titanium housings. Wannan shi ne saboda ba kawai ga babban kudin da nakasa daga wannan karfe, amma da gagarumin haduwar aiki tare da shi. Ainihin ja da irin wannan aikin iya kawai "Sevmash", wanda ikon da haka aka cikakken ɗora Kwatancen. A hannun jari sun riga sun aika da farko sa ... kamar m aka bai bayanai game da sabon Amurka submarine type "Los Angeles." Saboda wannan aikin 971 aka garzaya zuwa ƙarshe.

Tuni a cikin shekara ta 1980, da aka kammala. Wata sifa ta wannan sabon "Pike" shi ne cewa mafi yawan aiki a kan su zane da kuma halittar da aka gudanar a Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Kafin Pacific Shipyards sun kasance a cikin wuri na "matalauta aboki" da kuma bauta ne kawai da bawa aiki.

Sauran fasali na aikin

'Yan mutane san game da wannan tarihi gaskiya, amma a farkon 80s kasar mu saya daga Japan Toshiba kayayyakin - musamman madaidaici inji kayayyakin aiki, don karfe aiki, wanda a yarda don yin sabon sukurori, samar a kalla amo. Ma'amala da kanta da aka kai asiri, amma Amurka, a wancan lokacin kusan "karkashin mulkin mallakar" Japan koya game da shi kusan nan da nan. A sakamakon haka, kamfanin "Toshiba" ko da suka zo a karkashin takunkumin tattalin arziki.

Godiya ga sukurori da kuma wasu sauran fasali na zane, da aikin 971 ne da mãmãki shiru iyo. A mutunta mutane da yawa da shi ne a abin yabo Krylov, wanda shekaru da yawa don yi aiki a kan ragewan amo submarines, kasancewa mafi shiga a cikin halittar "Barracudas". Kokarin Karĩmi Academician da kuma dukan tawagar na Research Institute karkashin jagorancin shi ba ba tare da lada: jirage da ayyukan 971 "Pike-B" m sau da yawa kasa da latest Amurka "Los Angeles."

Nada sabon submarines

New submarines sun iya mayalwaci hadu da wani abokin gaba, kamar yadda su buga da makamai da kuma ta bambancin mamakin ko gogaggun moremanov. The abu ne cewa, "Pike-B" da ya halaka surface jirgi da submarines, to kai da halitta na mahakar, gudanar da bincike da kuma commando hare-hare su shiga a musamman yadda ake gudanar ... A takaice, yi duk abin da ya baratar da bayanin "Multi-manufa submarine na aikin 971" Schuka- B "".

M mafita da kuma ra'ayoyin

Kamar yadda muka ce, asalin zane na submarines na irin wannan ya daidaita muhimmanci. The kawai rauni aya na mu submarines a kwatanta su American takwarorinsu shi ne rashin hadaddun dijital amo tacewa. Amma a general, sabon fama halaye "Pike" har yanzu suna dauke da outnumbered. Alal misali, a kan su makamai suka "rumman," latest anti-jirgin makamai masu linzami da yarda idan ya cancanta don bakin ciki fitar da yawa wani sama-ruwa na sojan ruwa ra'ayoyi.

Amma bayan da "ƙarshe fayil" 1980 "Pike" har yanzu samu wani sa na dijital aiki "Manta 3" tsangwama, kazalika da latest shiriya tsarin da damar yin amfani da mafi m cruise makamai masu linzami. Domin da farko lokacin da ta kai da sauran aiki da kai kayan aikin da yaki da makamai iko, da aka massively aiwatar a cikin zane na musamman pop-up kwantena domin ceton dukan ma'aikatan jirgin, wanda aka samu nasarar gwada da wani "Barracuda."

Design fasali

Kazalika da dukan manyan Soviet submarine wannan aji, submarine Project 971 amfani da wani twin-kewaye ya zama wani classic. A karo na farko a cikin tarihin na "karkashin ruwa" Shipbuilding an yadu amfani da kwarewa da block hadin gwiwa submarine da wani ɓaɓɓake, barin yin mafi yawan aiki a cikin ta'aziyya daga cikin shagon. Yadu amfani da shiyyoyi kayan aiki raka'a, wanda bayan kammala shigarwa da kawai za a haɗa da Karkasa data bas.

Ta yaya ka sarrafa don rage amo matakin?

Bugu da kari ga na musamman sukurori, wanda muke ta ambata, muna amfani da musamman cushioning tsarin. Da fari dai, duk da sunadaran aka sanya a kan musamman "kafuwar". Abu na biyu, kowane sashi block yana da wani tsarin na depreciation. Irin wannan makirci ne zai yiwu ba kawai don ƙwarai rage adadin amo generated da submarine, amma kuma ya kara kare ƙungiya da submarine motocin daga effects na buga tãguwar ruwa generated da fashewar abubuwa na zurfin zargin. Saboda haka mu rundunar motoci, submarines, ga wanda kusan ko da yaushe sun kasance cikin babban yajin karfi ya m "shawara" don hana wani m maƙiyi.

Kamar dukan zamani submarines "Pike" sun ɓullo da keel da fice plumage Boole, wanda gidaje da towed eriya radar tsarin. Feature launin gashi na wadannan jirage shi ne cewa an sanya shi a matsayin wani abu guda mahaluži da ikon abubuwa na Babban jiki. Duka wannan yana yi domin rage yawan yiwu twists. A karshen iya nuna wadannan hydroacousticians maƙiyi jirgin ruwa. Wadannan matakan sun haifa 'ya'yan halal "da Pike" suna dauke da mafi inconspicuous karkashin ruwa tasoshin to date.

The girma na submarine da matukan

Surface hijirar na jirgin ne 8140 ton, karkashin ruwa - 10.5 dubu tons. Matsakaicin tsawon na ƙwanso ne 110,3 m, mai matsakaicin nisa na 13.6 m. A talakawan precipitate a kan surface kusa da goma mita.

Saboda gaskiya cewa, taro amfani da dama mafita ga hadaddun aiki da kula da shi, a cikin zane na jirgin ruwan, da ƙungiya da aka rage wa mutane 73, idan aka kwatanta da Amurka 143 ma'aikatan jirgin (a kan "Los Angeles"). Idan muka kwatanta da sabon "Pike" da baya bambance-bambancen karatu na wannan iyali, an muhimmanci inganta rayuwa da kuma yanayin aiki da ma'aikatan jirgin. By rage yawan na karshen shi ne kuma wata damar sanya mutane a biyu daga cikin mafi kare bays (na zama).

ikon shuka

A zuciya na jirgin ne a reactor da damar 190 MW. An hada hudu tururi janareto da kuma wani injin turbin, wanda sarrafa da kuma mechanization akai-akai ninninkuwa. Ikon kawota zuwa shaft ne 50 000 l. wani. Dunƙule - semilopastnoy tare da da wani sashe na ruwan wukake da kuma rage gudun juyawa. A iyakar gudu daga jirgin karkashin ruwa, idan aka fassara a cikin m "ƙasa" darajar wuce 60 km / h! Kawai sa, jirgin ruwan zai iya motsa a wani m yanayi da sauri fiye da yawa wasanni yachts, ba a ma maganar da nauyi warships. The abu ne cewa, jirgin ruwan ƙwanso tsara ta a "bataliya" na malamai, da yawa ayyukansu a fagen hydrodynamics.

Wajen ganewa na maƙiyi jiragen ruwa

The real haskaka daga cikin sabon "Pike" shi ne wani hadadden MGK-540 "Skat-3". Ya iya ba kawai tace fitar da tsangwama, amma kuma da kansa gano qazanta amo daga propellers na wani jirgin. Bugu da ƙari, "Gangara" za a iya amfani da a matsayin al'ada Sonar lokacin da wucewa ba a sani ba fairways. A ganewa kewayon maƙiyi submarines ya tripled idan aka kwatanta da zamanin da na submarines. Bugu da kari, da "Gangara" da yawa sauri kayyade halaye manufofin nemi da jimloli forecast lokaci na lamba.

A musamman alama na wani submarine na Project 971 ne a kafa, kyale su gano wani surface jirgin barin su, a kan farkawa. A kayan aiki calculates haskakawa daga gare shi, a cikin taguwar ruwa, ko da 'yan sa'o'i bayan da nassi na wani jirgin ruwa a cikin wannan square, wanda ya sa ya yiwu ga jirgin ta stealth tracking maƙiyi kungiyoyin a cikin hadari kau na su.

halaye na makamai

Babban daukan hankali da karfi ne hudu makami mai linzami-torpedo 533 mm zamo na'ura. Amma fiye da ban sha'awa look ko hudu saituna zamo 650 mm TA. Total a kan jirgin da submarine iya zama har zuwa 40 da makamai masu linzami da kuma / ko torpedoes. "Pike" iya wuta jifa "Granat", da kuma "squalls" ne daidai da tasiri a cikin karkashin ruwa da kuma sama da ruwa. Hakika, yana yiwuwa ya harba torpedoes da kuma na al'ada da kayan daga torpedo shambura atomatik mahakar cewa ana sa kanka a cikin harbe-harben matsayi.

Bugu da kari, ta hanyar amfani da wannan submarine za a iya kafa da kuma saba minefields. Saboda haka cikin kewayon makamai ne sosai m. Lokacin da ƙaddamar cruise makamai masu linzami, da shiriya da taimakon faru a cikin wani cikakken atomatik yanayin, ba distracting hankalin ƙungiya daga yin wasu manufa. Alas, a shekarar 1989, bayan da musamman unfavorable ga kasar mu yarjejeniyar tare da Amirkawa, submarines na Project 971 suna located a kan soja wajibi ba tare da "rumman" da "guguwa", kamar yadda wadannan nufin halaka iya gudanar da wani makaman nukiliya warhead.

Muhimmancin "Pike" ga m Shipbuilding

Kamar yadda muka ce, wadannan submarines kasance na farko da m aikin da Far East shipyards, wanda da farko samu a jihar domin irin mawuyaci da muhimmanci. Marine C-284, wadda ta zama kan gaba, daga cikin jerin, da aka kafa a 1980 da kuma shekara hudu baya ya shiga sojan ruwa sabis. A lokacin shiri a cikin zane yi sauri kananan gyaran gaba daya da aka nominally amfani da su haifar da dukan m submarines.

Riga lokacin farko da gwaje-gwaje na matuƙan da kuma mambobi na ma'aikatar tsaron kasar da aka yarda da yadda low amo juya a kira su da wani submarine. Wadannan sakamakon su ne don haka da kyau cewa sun yarda in yi magana da amincewa a game da mafita daga cikin Soviet Shipbuilding zuwa wani sabon matakin. Tare da wannan ya juya daga quite bisa ga Western soja mashawarci, suka gane da "Pike" wani sabon aji na makamai da kuma sanya musu wani cipher Akula.

Saboda da halaye na submarines na Project 971 na iya tafiya a cikin zurfin antisubmarine tsaro sanye take da misali wajen Ft Irfan ganewa. Ganin makamai masun karfi, da submarine iya da kyau tsaya up for kansu, ko da idan su da ganewa.

Ko da a cikin yankin na mulkin maƙiyi submarines ne shiru da kuma inconspicuous zane 971 na iya sa babba hasarori ga maqiyansu, har sai da dakarun dake gabar teku manufofin nukiliya, halakarwa. "Schukam" quite a kafada surface jirgi da submarines, kazalika da lalata yana kokarin muhimmanci umurnin cibiyoyin, ko da idan located nisa daga jihar bakin teku sashi.

Ma'ana "Pike-B" aikin for kasar mu

Zuwan nukiliya submarine na aikin 971 ya rikita batun duk da katunan Amirkawa. Kafin cewa, su gaskiya ĩmãni ta m surface tilasta karfi a duniya, da kuma Soviet jiragen ruwa, wanda yana da muhimmanci karami surface jirãge, su masana ranked kyawawan low. "Pike" kuma tafi dukan sabon matakin na play. Za su iya yin aiki a cikin zaman lafiya ko a cikin zurfin bayan maƙiyi Lines, za a baya da layin sawa. A cikin hali na cikakken sikelin yaki da makaman nukiliya kai hari daga ruwa ne mai lafiya, babu umurnin cibiyar, kuma kawai wani cikakken sikelin sabon teku hanyoyi da kuma muna ba da magana.

Duk wani m m, maƙiyi a wadannan yanayi tuba a cikin wani analog dancing a kan wani fili mai bom, da kuma kawai za ka iya manta game da mamaki kai hari. Amurka jagorancin "Pike" (musamman kyautata) ne karfi da damuwa. Tuni a cikin shekara ta 2000, sun maimaitawa yunkurin warware kwangila dokar da karfi hani a kan su yi amfani da, amma Rasha ta moriyar to irin wannan "lashe-lashe" yarjejeniyar ba.

Gyara da kuma kara ci gaba da wannan aiki

Daga bisani, "Pike" (Project 971) akai-akai inganta, musamman cikin sharuddan Sonar stealth. Musamman daban-daban daga wasu jiragen ruwa, "boar" da "Dragon", gina a kan wani mutum aikin 971U. Su ne nan da nan m kan modified ƙwanso Lines. A karshen da aka zarar mika ta hudu mita, kyale nominally saukar da na'urorin haɗi na shugabanci binciken da ake ji sabon kayayyaki da nufin rage amo matakin. Fiye da daya da rabi da ton na ƙara kawar da a farfajiya da kuma karkashin ruwa.

An canza muhimmanci da kuma ikon shuka, wanda ciyarwa da reactor model OK-650B3. A canje-canje sun haka a bayyane yake cewa sabon nukiliya hari submarines a waje kafofin watsa labarai da aka nan da nan christened inganta Akula. Bisa ga wannan aikin, mun kasance a gina hudu submarines, amma a karshen da shipyards aka kafa, kuma Ya halitta biyu kawai daga gare su. A farko daga cikin wadannan, da K-335 "rabbi" da aka kullum gina a kan musamman ayyukan 971M, wanda hannu da yin amfani da latest nasarori a cikin zane na lantarki masana'antu.

Wannan jirgin ruwan ya zama janar na yammacin matuƙan da aka sani da Akula II, tun da shi ya bambanta daga tushe na aikin da aka dũkan. Na biyu ba a kare ba submarine, ta K-152 "Nerpa", kuma Ya halitta ta musamman aikin 971I, asali nufin ga haya na Indian Navy. M, "Seal" ne daban-daban daga "yan'uwa" mafi Saukake lantarki cika, a cikin abin da akwai wani asiri sassa.

A kan mayẽwa, daga ƙarnõni,

Da farko, duk jiragen wannan jerin yana da kawai index, ba nuna a fakaice da ta dace sunayen. Amma a shekarar 1990, da K-317 da aka mai suna "damisa." Yana da aka bai girmama na submarine ne har yanzu da Rasha Empire, wanda ya bude na farko yaƙi ta. A nan gaba, "birthday yarinya" ya zama wani submarine "Tiger" aikin 971. Ba da da ewa, duk submarines wannan iyali kuma samu sunayen nasu, a kowa da jiragen ruwa zane-zane da, tsohon matsayin wani ɓangare na mallaka da kuma Soviet Navy. The kawai togiya ne Project 971, "Kuzbass". A baya can, wannan jirgin da aka kira "The dabbar walrus". A farko an mai suna a cikin girmamawa daya daga cikin na farko submarines na Empire, amma daga baya biya haraji ga Soviet seamen.

Amma shi ya zama mafi muhimmanci submarine bayar a Sevmash. Su dukan jerin aka code-mai suna "Damisa." Domin wannan aikin da muka samu duk submarines a yamma da sunan barkwanci "cat."

"Poluboevaya 'aiki

A lokacin da NATO ta'adi da Serbia a shekarar 1996, K-461 "Wolf" da aka dauke a kan fama wajibi a Bahar Rum. American hydroacoustics sun iya gano ta wuri a lokacin da nassi daga mashigar na Gibraltar, amma mu iri iri sun iya samun kai daga gare su. Sake gano "Wolf" ya yiwu ne kawai kai tsaye daga tekun na {asar Yugoslavia. A wannan yaki sintiri submarine rufe m jirgin sama m "Admiral Kuznetsov" daga m ayyukan ta'adi "Yammacin abokan". A lokaci guda, "Wolf" gudanar da gefen tracking shida NATO submarines, ciki har da daya jirgin ruwan da aka "gasar" Type "Los Angeles."

A wannan shekara, wani "Pike-B", wanda ya kasance a karkashin umurnin AV Burilicheva, za'ayi a kan fama wajibi a Atlantic ruwaye. Akwai SSBN ƙungiya samu Amurka Navy, sa'an nan a asirce bi jirgin cikin ta fama wajibi. Idan sun kasance a lokacin yaki, da American submarine zai tafi zuwa kasa. Umurnin duk san sarai, amma saboda Burilichev nan da nan bayan da "manufa" aka bayar da suna Hero na Rasha Federation. Wannan shi ne ƙarin shaidun da babban fama halaye da kuma wani jirgin ruwan stealth aikin 971.

A lokuta da appendicitis a cikin tẽku ...

A karshen Fabrairu na wannan a 1996 da kuma gaba daya ya dauki magana,. Sa'an nan kawai da aka gudanar manyan sikelin-sojan ruwa darussan na NATO. Warrant antisubmarine jiragen ruwa kawai yana da lokaci don samun a touch tare da umurninSa, kuma bayar da rahoton babu wani m maƙiyi submarines a cikin kudi na maimaitawa na ayarin ... A 'yan mintuna daga English jiragen ruwa tuntubi shugaban Rasha submarine. Kuma jim kadan kafin crazed Birtaniya matuƙan surfaced kanta "gwarzo na lokaci."

The ƙungiya ruwaito cewa daya daga cikin jirgin da ke cikin tsanani yanayin saboda da bursting na appendicitis. A cikin yanayi na submarine aiki ta samu nasara ba a tabbace, don haka da shugaban ya ɗauki mataki mai yanke shawara na lambobi da waje abokan aiki. A haƙuri da sauri ɗora Kwatancen cikin Turanci da kuma aika wani mai saukar ungulu zuwa asibiti. Sai suka ji a wannan lokaci Birtaniya matuƙan sun kawai ya ruwaito a cikin rashi na maƙiyi submarines, yana da wuya a kwatanta. Abin da ma ya fi ban sha'awa, ba su kasance sunã iya gane idan jirgin ruwan aikin 971 haihuwa jerin! Tun daga nan, da "Shark" aikin 971 tana da babban daraja a cikin Royal Navy.

yanzu matsayi

A halin yanzu, duk submarines wannan jerin ne a cikin sahu, bauta a cikin Pacific da kuma Northern fleets. A muka ambata a sama "Seal" shi ne a cikin sabis a India Navy, da kuma, a karkashin kwangila, zai zauna a can har shekara ta 2018. Yana yiwuwa cewa bayan da Indians fi son mika kwangila, tun suna da fadan halaye na Rasha submarine mai daraja sosai.

By hanyar magana, India Navy "Seal" kira Chakra. Abin sha'awa, a farkon ainihin wannan sunan jirgin ruwan ya na 670 "Scat", wanda shi ne ma a cikin yanayi na yin haya ya yi aiki India a cikin tazara daga shekarar 1988 zuwa 1992. Dukan mutanen da suka yi aiki a can sun zama gaskiya kwararru, da kuma wasu jami'an daga farko "Chakras" riga ciyar da su admiral. Duk abin da ya, amma Rasha "Pike" da aka rayayye yi amfani da wuya aiki na fama wajibi, kuma ku bauta a matsayin lamuni na jihar mulkin kasar mu.

Yau, a lokacin da jiragen ruwa da aka fara warke daga cikin 90s, riga akwai magana cewa nukiliya submarines na biyar ƙarni na jirgin ruwan dole ne a tushen daidai a kan ci gaban da aikin 971, a matsayin fitina daga cikin jerin gudanar da akai-akai tabbatar da al'amurra. Kansu "Pike" daidaita a kan sigogi na huɗu-tsara submarines. An kai tsaye ba tabbatarwa da wannan shi ne cewa su akai-akai ta rũɗe SOSUS Sonar ganewa tsarin, wanda a lokacin halitta da matsaloli da yawa ga Soviet seamen.