Saratov hydroelectric iko tashar a kan Volga

Saratov HPP yana daga cikin goma most maras makaman nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke a Rasha da kuma Turai. Yana da wani ɓangare na Volga-Kama cascade samar da wutar lantarki tashoshin. 24 na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa naúrar shigar a tashar, da damar samar da shekara har zuwa 6 biliyan kWh. A talakawan shekara-shekara kudi a kan wannan ƙarnin amounted zuwa 5.4 biliyan kWh.

"Green" makamashi

Rasha hydroelectric iko taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wanda bai yankẽwa samar da wutar lantarki na cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje masu amfani. Sararin ƙasa da ƙasa, wanda yake malala cikin mafi girma a kogin a Turai da kuma duniya, shi ne fraught tare da Unlimited m "kore" da makamashi bisa sabunta kafofin - ruwa, iska, rana, geothermal makamashi, tidal ikon ya kaɗa da sauran.

A yi 102 RF hydroelectric sama 100 MW. Saratov HPP (1378 MW) daukan a cikin Refayawa jerin 9th wuri la'akari da ake kammala. A farkon shekarar 2015 da shigar total lantarki damar shuka zai zama 47 MW 712,39 - wanda shi ne fiye da 20% na dukkan makamashin da ake samarwa a Rasha.

Yana da muhimmanci cewa ya ke - mafi mobile tsarin. Wannan irin ikon da damar a cikin minti don ƙara ko rage samar da makamashi, wanda shi ne wuce yarda da muhimmanci ga warware matsalar da ganiya lodi a duniya iko. Don kwatanta, domin ya kara da tasiri na thermal ikon tashar, yana daukan sa'o'i da dama, da kuma adadi domin nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke da kuma a duk daidai kwanaki da dama. Ba mamaki, da gina hydroelectric ci gaba.

Description na Saratov HPP

Hydroelectric iko ne na bakwai a cikin Volga-Kama cascade, kuma aka located a birnin Balakovo, Saratov yankin a cikin arewa. 24 hydroelectric iko 1378 MW a 2014 a yarda a kasar da su 5504,6 kWh da wutar lantarki (m wadata). A yankin na spillway - 1.280.000 km² da wani talakawan ruwa amfani da 7.959 m³ / s.

The abu ya na da muhimmanci sufuri cibiya a yankin - a kan ta dam ne hanyoyi da kuma jiragen kasa, haxe da biyu bankuna na ƙarfafan Volga. Akwai kuma wani related aiki HPS hada da tabbatar da wanda bai yankẽwa manyan sikelin-kewayawa, ban ruwa, samar da ruwa.

labarin

Ulla sha'anin "Saratov HPP", wanda photo ne m grand Tsarin girma, ya fara gina wani Yuni 5, 1956 - Wannan shi ne aikin hukuma kwanan watan farawa da All-Union Komsomol yi a Balakovo. A 'yan shekarun baya m gari da aka haifi, zama wata babbar promtsentr kasar. Fiye da 20,000 mutane daga duk yankuna dauki bangare a cikin shiri na musamman shiri, da yawa daga cikin magina dangantawa da Balakovo su ƙaddara.

Hydroelectric iko ya zahiri zama dandamali ga gwaje-gwajen, rungumi sabuwar advancements da asali ra'ayoyi a gina manyan hydroelectric iko tashar, ba abin mamaki wasu daga cikin halaye na gine-gine ne na musamman. Disamba 27, 1967, da ƙaddamar da farko biyu na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa raka'a, kuma a cikin Janairu 1968, da Saratov HPP an haɗa zuwa kowa ikon Grid na kasar. The tsara damar da shuka da aka saki a karshen shekarun 1970, tun sa'an nan uninterruptedly samar da masu amfani da tsabta makamashi.

Saratov ne wani ɓangare na wani juna na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa hadaddun na Turai na Rasha. Sauran manyan hydroelectric iko shuka a kan Volga kuma Kama: Rybinsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Cheboksary, Kama, Votkinsk, Nizhnekamsk, Zhiguli, da Volga, da sauransu.

ban sha'awa facts

• Tun lokacin da na fara lokacin tashar samar bisa 250 biliyan kilowatt-sa'o'i na wutar lantarki.
• Saratov ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a hydroelectric iko tashar, wani photo da za ka iya gani a kafofin watsa labarai, kundayen, kimiyya takardunku, internet albarkatu.
• A yi na daban-daban wadanda ba misali layout - rashin catchment platinum.
• The inji dakin ne mafi tsawo a Rasha, a lokaci guda sanye take da wani collapsible rufin.
• 24 na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa naúrar da 3 daban-daban masu girma dabam - wasu daga wanda su ne babbar a Rasha.
• Hydroelectric wuraren sanya 1st sa solidity, sun hada da: da embankment Dam, maginin Dam, wani babban jiki kasa catchments, shipping kulle, rybopriemnik, rarraba na'urorin 35, 220 da kuma 500 KV.
• A Dam yana da tsawon 1260 m, mafi girma tsawo na 42 m, domin dam namytye miliyan 6.6 cubic mita gona. Ya ƙunshi wani tushe (a fadin 360 m) da kuma tashar shafukan.
• A total tsawon na dikes Rasha manyan samar da wutar lantarki - fiye da 13 km. A tsawo a tsororuwar - 23 m.
• Babban jiki na tashar-type - cewa shi ne, daukan kan ruwa matsa lamba, aka located a cikin zuciya na dam.
• Machine HPP mafi tsawo zauren a Rasha Federation -. 990 m na'ura mai juyi diamita na turbines ne ma mai rikodin - 10,3 m.

JSC "RusHydro"

Saratov HPP a Janairu 2008 shiga cikin rukuni na JSC "RusHydro" - a Rasha ta most sa kamfanin da kuma na biyu a duniya cikin sharuddan shigar damar samar da wutar lantarki (a kan 25 GW). A wannan mataki, "RusHydro", kawo tare 64 data kasance da 7 a karkashin gini dalilai, 23 aiki da kuma 7 HPS, 3 Geothermal Power Plant, a tidal ES, cibiyoyin bincike, tallace-tallace da kamfanoni da zane kungiyoyi. Daga cikin dukan wannan bambancin da Saratov daga cikin goma most kaya na wutar lantarki ga duk iri tashoshin. Hada da wani shugaban a "kore" (sabunta) makamashi.

Most Zuba Jari Projects

A yi na hydroelectric iko shuke-shuke da ya ci gaba, duk da haka, da kuma a kan kyautata na haihuwa ya kamata ba za a manta, kamar yadda evidenced da ban tausayi hadari a Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Ganin bakin ciki kwarewa na kamfaninsa "RusHydro" gudanar da wani phased inganci tsofaffin kayan aiki.

A lokacin (da kuma har 2030) Saratov HPP phased zamani tare da shigarwa na mafi m kayan aiki. A musamman, "RusHydro" cimma yarjejeniya tare da Austria kamfanin Voith Hydro maye gurbin 21 hydro turbines kuma hydroelectric №24 tare da isar da abubuwa da karshen 2025 "turnkey". Yanzu Zuba Jari Projects, wanda darajar zai wuce biliyan 1 Tarayyar Turai, ya unprecedented ga Saratov HPP da kuma most ga yankin. Ana sa ran cewa da injin turbin za su samar da Rasha-Austria hadin gwiwa.

na zamani da turbines

Ma'anar kalmar sake gini na HPP ya shafi shigarwa na ruwa turbines na sabon ƙarni. Pre-bincike aikin ya shafi wani m canji na impeller kayayyaki, wanda zai biya S-type ruwan wukake da kuma wani servo mota, located a kasa. Wannan ya jadadda mallaka «Voith Hydro» tsarin sa da injin turbin "kifi ladders» (Fish m). A zane ne aka yi nufi ga maimaitawa rage rauni da kuma mace-mace na kifi wucewa ta cikin injin turbin, wanda shi ne mai babbar matsala a cikin duk Volga-Kama cascade. Har ila yau inganta muhalli aminci da guje wa lamba tare da injin turbin man a cikin ruwa.

na zamani da ikon raka'a

A cikin Saratov hydroelectric iko tashar ta karshen 2013. Energy maye gurbin duk biyar raka'a. Kerata da commissioning na kayan aiki ne mafi zamani, abin dogara, mai lafiya da kuma tattali ikon raka'a iya tafi ba tare da overhaul ga fiye da shekaru 30.

Tare da kyautata ikon raka'a sa a cikin aiki hydroelectric № № 13 da kuma 14 - da karshen daga tsaye aggregates tashoshin a wanda wani zamani atomatik kula da tsarin (ACS). Saboda haka, kammala wasan karshe mataki na shekaru biyar-biyar aikin gyara duk ACS tsaye na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa raka'a.

Dace da kuma tasiri

Hadakar modernization shirin unshi da inganci hydroelectric la'akari expediency, tattalin arziki yadda ya dace da kuma amfani da sabuwar fasaha aukuwa. Wajibi ne a tabbatar da kadan downtime da kuma rage samar da wutar lantarki tsara, maza maza da aiwatar da ayyukan raya ayyukan.

Lokacin da ake aiwatar da m modernization shirin da aka shirya a da cikakken m shafe abokin ciniki, wakilan cibiyoyin bincike da kuma kayan aiki masana'antun. A karo na farko kafin aiwatar da shirin ne da za'ayi pre-aikin dubawa na duk fasaha hadaddun samar da wutar lantarki tare da m ci gaban da aikin na zamani na ta hadaddun tare da sa hannu na janar zanen na Saratov HPP. An bayar da "rayuwa" bayan-tallace-tallace da sabis na maye gurbin raka'a masana'antun.

sadaka

Don bayar da kuɗaɗen sadaka shirye-shirye miliyoyin kudi kasaftawa duk shekara. A musamman, shi ne shugaban makaranta DYUSTSH taimako "girma" a cikin Balakovo, inda yara suna tsunduma a jannatin ruwa da kuma fuskantarwa, "Yara Hospital № 1" da sauran kungiyoyi. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na ilimi hydroelectric ayyukan ta taimaka wajen ba da dakin gwaje-gwaje "Balakovo Polytechnic". A bisa ga al'ada ne matpomosch Tsohon soji a kan Hauwa'u na da Nasara Day.

binciken

Watakila ba mafi m ayyukan fiye da HPS. Photos of wadannan kankare Refayawa ban mamaki girma da kuma raka'a da kuma fasahar amfani da gani da latest masana'antu iya aiki da kuma kimiyya da tunani.

Samar da wutar lantarki taka wata rawa wajen samar da wutar lantarki ga jama'a da masana'antu. The kwarewa tsiwirwirinsu a kan yi da kuma aiki na samar da wutar lantarki, da babbar m na Rasha koguna, da tsabtace muhalli mai lafiya da kuma hanyoyin samar da makamashi da damar domin kara karfin gina sabon shuke-shuke da kuma zamanintar da maida su ba kome. Saratov HPP shekarun da suka gabata na aiki flawlessly, mai daukan hankali tabbatarwa.