Weldability na karfe: rarrabuwa. weldability na karfe kungiyar

Karfe - shi ne babban tsarin kasa. Yana da wani ƙarfe-carbon gami da abun ciki na daban-daban impurities. All aka gyara kunshe a abun da ke ciki, da tasiri da kaddarorin na ingot. Daya daga cikin fasaha halaye na karafa ne da ikon samar high quality-welds.

Dalilai kayyade weldability na karfe

Evaluation na weldability na karfe samar da main index darajar - carbon m C _Eq. Wannan matukar coefficient nuna mataki na rinjayar abun ciki na carbon da babban alloying abubuwa a cikin Weld halaye.

Weldability na karfe shafi cikin wadannan dalilai:

1. A carbon ciki.
2. A gaban gurɓatawa.
3. A mataki na alloying.
4. View microstructure.
5. Muhalli da yanayi.
6. karfe kauri.

A mafi m siga ne da sinadaran abun da ke ciki.

steels samara da kanana weldability

Ba duk wadannan dalilai, da weldability na karfe yana da halaye daban-daban.

Nau'in steels for weldability.

• Good (a darajar C _Eq ≥0,25%): ga low carbon karfe sassa. ne mai zaman kanta da kauri daga cikin samfurin, yanayin, da samuwan shiri aiki.
• M (0.25% ≤S _Eq ≤0,35%): akwai gazawa ga yanayi yanayi da kuma diamita daga cikin tsarin da za a welded (da yawan zafin jiki zuwa -5, a kwantar da hankula weather, kauri 20 mm).
• Tanada (0.35% ≤S _Eq ≤0,45%): ga samuwar ingancin Weld bukatar baya nuni. Yana taimaka wa "santsi" da austenitic canji, da samuwar barga Tsarin (ferrite-pearlite, bainitic).
• Poor (P _Eq ≥0,45%): samuwar mechanically barga Weld ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da baya shiri da zazzabi karfe gefuna, kazalika da m zafi magani na welded tsarin. Don samar da so microstructure, ƙarin dumama da kuma ruwa sanyaya.

weldability na karfe Groups sa shi sauki kewaya fasaha fasali na musamman brands na waldi baƙin ƙarfe-carbon gami.

zafi magani

Dangane da kungiyar m ga weldability na steels da fasaha halaye, cikin halaye na welded hadin gwiwa za a iya gyara ta hanyar m zafin jiki da tasirinsa. Ware 4 muhimman hakkokin Hanyar zafi magani: hardening, tempering, annealing da kuma maido da.

Mafi na kowa ne hardening da kuma tempering ga taurin kuma lokaci guda Weld ƙarfi, danniya ya ɗauke, hana fatattaka. tempering digiri dogara a kan abu da ake so Properties.

Zafi magani daga karfe Tsarin cikin shiri aikin ne da za'ayi:

• annealing - to taimaka gajiyan cikin karfe, da tabbatar da softness da pliability.
• baya mai tsanani a domin rage yawan zafin jiki bambanci.

Shugabanci nagari vliyaniemi zafin jiki ba ka damar:

• shirya aikin abu (cire duk ciki gajiyan ta nika hatsi);
• rage yawan zafin jiki gradients a kan sanyi karfe;
• inganta ingancin daga cikin welded abu da zafi microstructure gyara.

Littafin Rubutu Shirya kaddarorin da zazzabi canje-canje iya zama na gida, ko general. baki ne mai tsanani da gas ko wutar lantarki da kayan aiki. Don zafi da dukan bangare kuma musamman Tanderu ana amfani da santsi sanyaya.

Effect na microstructure a kan Properties

Jigon da zafi magani matakai bisa tsarin canje a cikin ingot da su effects a kan ƙarfafa karfe. Saboda haka, a lokacin da mai tsanani zuwa da zazzabi na 727 C shi ne mai gauraye hatsi austenitic tsarin. Sanyaya Hanyar kayyade hira zaɓuɓɓuka:

1. Ciki da gagarumar wuta (gudun 1s / min) - kafa pearlite tsarin da taurin game da 200 HB (Brinell taurin).
2. A iska (10 ° C / min) - sorbitol (ferritic-pearlitic hatsi) taurin 300 HB.
3. Man fetur (100 ° C / min) - troostite (ferrite-cementite microstructure), 400 HB.
4. Ruwa (1000˚S / min) - martensite: m (600 HB), amma m acicular tsarin.

Waldi fili dole isa taurin, ƙarfi, quality Manuniya na ductility, duk da haka martensitic Weld halaye ne ba m. Low carbon gami ne ferritic, ferritic-pearlitic, ferritic-austenitic tsarin. Medium-da srednelegirovannye karfe - pearlite. High-carbon da kuma high - martensitic ko troostite cewa yana da muhimmanci mu kawo su a ferritic-austenitic hankali.

Welding na carbon steels

Weldability ne m da adadin carbon steels da carbon impurities. Sun iya ƙona, juya cikin wani gaseous tsari da kuma bada low quality-Weld porosity. Sulfur da phosphorus sun mayar da hankali a gefuna da hatsi, kara fragility na tsarin. Welding daga cikin mafi Saukake, duk da haka, na bukatar wani mutum tsarin kula.

Carbon karfe saba ingancin kasu kashi uku kungiyoyin: A, B da kuma C. The waldi aiki ne da za'ayi tare da wani karfe na kungiyar B.

Weldability na karfe maki VSt1 - VSt4, bisa ga Gost 380-94, halin da rashin hani da ƙarin bukatun. Welding details diamita har zuwa 40 mm auku ba tare da dumama. Zai yiwu Manuniya kan sarki: T - high manganese ciki. kp, Zab, sp - "tafasar", "Semi-kashe," "kwantar", bi da bi.

M karfe ingancin da aka wakilta tare da alama kiwon hundredths carbon sulusi da murabba'i, na nuna mataki na deoxidation da manganese ciki (Gost 1050-88): karfe 10 (ma 10PP, 10ps, 10G), 15 (ma 15kp, 15 Zab, 15G), 20 (ma 20kp, 20ps, 20G).

Don tabbatar da ingancin kabu Weld pool dole ne gudanar da aiwatar da jikewa da carbon manganite C da mn.

Hanyoyin da waldi:

1. MMA yin amfani musamman da farko calcined lantarki diamita na 2 zuwa 5 mm. Nau'in: E38 (ga matsakaici-ƙarfi), E42, E46 (for kyau ƙarfi har zuwa 420 MPa), E42A, E46A (for high ƙarfi sifofi da su aiki a yanayi na musamman). Welding sandunansu 5 da kuma GMM UONI 13/45 yi a karkashin m halin yanzu. Aiki da wayoyin CM-7, OMA-2, CM-11 suna da za'ayi kowane halin yanzu halaye.
2. Gas waldi. More sau da yawa fiye da ba shi ne ba kyawawa, amma zai yiwu. Aka yi amfani da filler waya St-08, St-08A, 08GA-St, St-08GS. Bakin ciki karfe nizkouglerodistyj (d 8mm) welded hagu hanya, m (d 8mm) - dama. Disadvantages Weld Properties ne zai yiwu a cire ta maido ko annealing.

Waldi low carbon steels aiki ba tare da ƙarin dumama. Don cikakkun bayanai sauki form akwai wani hani. Volumetric da truss Tsarin muhimmanci ga kare daga iska. Complex abubuwa kyawawa don Weld a shuka a zazzabi kasa 5 ° C.

Saboda haka, hatimi VSt1 - VSt4 karfe 10 - karfe 20 - kyau weldability, kusan ba tare da ƙuntatawa, da misali na bukatar mutum zabin da waldi hanya, lantarki da irin da kuma na yanzu halaye.

Medium-da high-carbon tsarin karfe

Jikewa carbon gami rage ikon samar da kyau gidajen abinci. A tsari da zazzabi na baka gas harshen effects ko sulfur tara a gefuna da hatsi, abu don brittleness, phosphorus - to sanyi brittleness. Mafi sau da yawa welded kayan doped da manganese.

Wannan ya hada da na al'ada tsarin karfe ingancin VSt4, VSt5 (Gost 380-94), ingancin 25, 25G, 30, 30G, 35, 35g, 40, 45G (GOSTt 1050-88) daban-daban metallurgy.

Jigon da aiki ne don rage adadin carbon a Weld pool karfe jikewa cikinta silicon da manganese, tabbatar da mafi kyau duka fasaha. Yana da muhimmanci a hana wuce kima carbon hasarori, wanda na iya haifar da rashin jituwa a cikin inji Properties.

Features waldi steels da matsakaici da kuma high carbon ciki:

1. Kyautata nuni 100-200˚S gefuna da nisa to 150 mm. Kawai iri VSt4 da karfe 25 welded ba tare da ƙarin dumama. Domin na matsakaici da m weldability, kafin a fara aiki, don samar da cikakken daidaita. Don high carbon dole shiri annealing.
2. Arc waldi aka kwashe calcined mai rufi wayoyin jere a size daga 3 zuwa 6 mm (TAU-2, UONI-13/55, ELN-7) a karkashin wani m halin yanzu. zai yiwu aiki a wani matsakaici juyi ko m gas (CO _2, argon).
3. Gas waldi yi carburizing harshen bar hanya zuwa baya mai tsanani zuwa 200 ° C zazzabi a wani uniform low samar da wutar lantarki acetylene.
4. A kayyade zafi magani daga sassa: quenching da tempering ko raba haya don rage girman ciki gajiyan hana fatattaka, softening na martensite da kuma zafin troostite Tsarin.
5. Resistance tabo waldi ne da za'ayi ba tare da hane-hane.

Saboda haka, matsakaici- zuwa high-carbon tsarin steels an welded tare da kusan babu hane-hane, a wani waje da yawan zafin jiki na ba ƙananan fiye da 5 ° C. A ƙananan yanayin zafi da ake bukata dumama da kuma fara wani high quality-zafi magani.

Waldi low gami steels

Alloyed karfe - karfe ne cewa a lokacin da narkewa tare da cikakken daban-daban karafa domin ya sami ake so Properties. Kusan dukkan su suna da kyau sakamako a kan taurin da kuma ƙarfi. Chromium da nickel na kunshe a cikin zafi resistant da kuma bakin gami. Vanadium da silicon goya elasticity, da kayan amfani ga yi na marẽmari. Molybdenum, manganese, titanium, inganta lalacewa juriya, tungsten - ja daga bãyan wancan. A daidai wannan lokaci, wani m sakamako a kan kaddarorin da sassa, suka kaskantar da weldability na karfe. Bugu da kari, kara mataki na hardening da kuma samuwar martensitic Tsarin, ciki gajiyan da hadarin fasa a cikin seams.

Weldability gami steels kamar yadda aka ayyana ta da sinadaran abun da ke ciki.

Low carbon, low-alloyed 2GS, 14G2, 15G, 20G (Gost 4543-71), 15HSND, 16G2AF (Gost 19281-89) ne da za a welded. A karkashin tuta yanayi ba ya bukatar ƙarin dumama da kuma zafi magani a kan kammala tsari. A wannan yanayin, da yake akwai wasu hani:

• Kunkuntar kewayon m thermal halaye.
• Aikin da za'ayi a zazzabi ba m -10˚S (a karkashin yanayi na low yanayi da yawan zafin jiki, amma ba kasa -25˚S tambaya preheating zuwa 200 ° C).

Zai yiwu hanyoyi:

• Arc waldi tare da wani DC ikon 40 zuwa 50 A, da wayoyin E55, E50A, E44A.
• Atomatik waldi baka kura idon amfani filler waya 08GA-St, St-10 ha.

Weldability 09G2S 10G2S1 kuma mai kyau, da bukatun da kuma hanyoyin da yin wannan a matsayin cewa ga gami 12GS, 14G2, 15G, 20G, 15HSND, 16G2AF. An muhimmanci halayyar 09G2S gami 10G2S1 ne babu bukatar baki shirye-shiryen da abubuwa zuwa 4 cm a diamita.

Srednelegirovannoj waldi steels

Srednelegirovannye karfe 20HGSA, 25HGSA, 35HGSA (Gost 4543-71) zõ da wani fi juriya da samuwar unstrained seams. Sun kasance a wani rukuni da m weldability. Bukatar pre-dumama zuwa yanayin zafi 150-200˚S, da multilayered seams, quenching da tempering a karshen waldi. Embodiments:

• A halin yanzu ƙarfi da diamita na lantarki idan waldi baka tsananin zabi dangane da karfe kauri, shan la'akari da cewa thinner baki karfi hõre quenching a lokacin aikin. Saboda haka, a lokacin da samfurin na 2-3 mm diamita darajar da yanzu ya zama a cikin 50-90 A. Lokacin da kauri daga gefuna 7-10 mm DC ikon gaban polarity halin yanzu an ya karu zuwa 200 A amfani 4-6mm wayoyin. Used sanduna da cellulose ko alli Kamfanin Fluor-m coatings (18HGSA-St, St-18HMA).
• A aiki, da tsare gas CO ₂ wajibi ne a yi amfani da St-08G2S waya Sv-10G2, 10GSMT-St, St-08H3G2SM diamita har zuwa 2 mm.

Sau da yawa wadannan kayan ana amfani ga TIG waldi Hanyar ko kura idon.

Heat-resistant da kuma high-ƙarfi steels

Waldi da thermostable baƙin ƙarfe-carbon gami 12MH, 12H1M1F, 25H2M1F, 15H5VF dole ne a da za'ayi tare da preheating ga yanayin zafi 300-450˚S da karshe ice da kuma zafin.

• Arc waldi Hanyar cascade yarda multilayer kabu amfani calcined mai rufi wayoyin UONII 13 / 45MH, CCR-3, 30-63-CL, CL-39.
• Gas samar da acetylene waldi da 100 DM ³ / mm amfani filler kayan Sv-08HMFA, St-18HMA. Bututu dangane da aka yi tare da baya gas dumama a duk hadin gwiwa.

Lokacin da waldi high-ƙarfi kayan srednelegirovannoj 14H2GM, 14H2GMRB muhimmanci da za a shiryar da wannan dokoki a matsayin ga zafi-resistant steels, shan la'akari wasu daga cikin nuances:

• Tsaftace gefuna da kuma yin amfani da tukunyar kambun.
• A high zazzabi calcination lantarki (up 450˚S).
• Preheating zuwa 150˚S domin cikakkun bayanai kauri fi 2 cm.
• Slow sanyaya kabu.

high-gami karfe

A amfani da musamman fasahar wajibi ne a lokacin da waldi high-gami steels. Wadannan sun hada da wata babbar kewayon bakin karfe, zafi-resistant da zafi-resistant gami, wasu daga cikinsu: 09H16N4B, 15H12VNMF, 10H13SYU, 08H17N5MZ, 08H18G8N2T, 03H16N15MZB, 15H17G14A9. Weldability na karfe (Gost 5632-72) nasa ne da 4th kungiyar.

weldability na karfe high-carbon high-Feature:

1. Wajibi ne a rage talakawan halin yanzu by 10-20% saboda su low thermal watsin.
2. Welding dole ne a da za'ayi tare da wani rata, da wayoyin har zuwa 2 mm.
3. Akan rage phosphorus, gubar, sulfur, antimony, kara girma daga gaban molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten mai rufi ta yin amfani da musamman sanduna.
4. Da bukatar samar da Weld gauraye microstructure (ferrite + austenite). Wannan na samar da ductility na ajiye karfe da minimizing ciki gajiyan.
5. Ake bukata dumama gefuna Hauwa'u waldi. A zafin jiki ne aka zaba a cikin kewayon daga 100 zuwa 300s, dangane da kayayyaki na microstructure.
6. Selection mai rufi wayoyin a baka waldi aka bayyana ta da irin hatsi, da kaddarorin da kuma aiki da yanayi na sassa: for austenitic karfe 12H18N9: UONII 13 / VAW, RLA-7 RLA-14 mai rufi-06H19N9T St, St-02H19N9. domin martensitic karfe 20H17N2: UONII 10H17T, AN-B-10 St-08H17T shafi. domin austenitic-ferritic karfe 12H21N5T: CL-33 St-08H11V2MF shafi.
7. Lokacin da acetylene gas waldi feed kamata ta dace da darajar 70-75 ^dm3 / mm amfani filler waya - 02H19N9T-St, St-08H19N10B.
8. Zai yiwu aiki kura idon amfani VAW-8.

Karfe Weldability - zumunta siga. Ya dogara da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na karfe, ta microstructure kuma jiki Properties. Kamar wancan ne da ikon samar da high quality dangane za a iya gyara via m fasaha m, musamman kayan aiki da kuma aikin yi yanayi.