Technocracy - shi zãlunci kaso ra'ayi ko mummunar hanyar al'amura?

Hikimar Technology da ke sa duk da karin girmamawa a kan rawar da fasaha kawo dukkan ne a cikin model na duniya ta yau. Ko da a cikin tsakiyar karni na karshe, rare daga kwararru domin manufar technocracy, wanda ya zama kamar wani sakamako na ban mamaki ci gaba a kimiyya.

Thorstein Veblen da aikinsa

Mene ne technocracy? A takaice dai maanar wannan ra'ayi yakan haifar da ikon injiniyoyi, ya bayyana da kuma ci gaba a cikin aikin na Thorstein Veblen. Don mafi girma har al'amari ya shafi zaman jama'a Utopia na marubucin ya kira "Engineers da farashin tsarin", da aka buga a 1921. A ta art da kuma kimiyya da kwararru aiki a cikin sabis na ci gaba a tattalin arziki da kuma jama'a, suna a cikin wata rahama daga financiers da kuma maye gurbin mafi girma da'ira na al'umma zuwa ga kowa kyau. Bisa ga ideas na Veblen, a cikin karni na ashirin, shi ne lokacin da za a kawo tare kwararru a fasaha da kuma samuwar babban wurare a cikin m iko da jama'a. A wancan lokaci, wanda zai iya ce cewa technocracy - wani ra'ayi cewa yana da nasara, jawabin Veblen samu wani musamman martani daga Burl, Frisch da sauransu.

Fitowan kwarraru motsi

A cikin uku shekaru goma na karni na ashirin a Amurka, a lokacin da jama'a da aka jurewa da wani tattalin arziki da rikicin, akwai wani motsi, kamar yadda wani technocracy. A definition na shirin da kuma ka'idojin da aka dogara ne a kan ra'ayin wani cikakken zaman inji cewa shi ne gaba daya daidai da ra'ayoyi da Veblen. Mabiya technocracy sanar da zuwan sabuwar shekara, al'ummar da duk bukatun su gamsu, al'ummar da injiniyoyi, da masu gyara zauna manyan mukamai. Sun kuma bayar da tsari na tattalin arziki Sphere, ba tare da crises, da ta dace kasafi na albarkatun da kuma sauran batutuwa.

The motsi tsiwirwirinsu lokacinta kwarraru. Akwai fiye da ɗari uku kungiyoyi da cewa mafarkin na juyin juya halin masana'antu da kimiyya shiryawa, zartar da dukan ƙasar.

Technocracy a cikin rubuce-rubucen na Bernheim da Galbraith

A 1941, Dzheyms Bernhaym, a sociologist daga America, ta buga wani littafi "The kociya juyin juya halin." A da shi ya bayar da hujjar cewa technocracy - a real siyasa layi a kasashe da dama. Ya lura da cewa technocratic juyin juya halin haka rinjayar jama'a, ba gurguzanci zo domin maye gurbin tsarin jari-hujja da kuma "al'umma na iko". Control hade da dukiya, da in babu wani sauran. Mallakar da kuma iko da jiha da kuma manyan hukumomi rabu. Bernheim yi imani da cewa dukiyar kamata ya kasance a cikin juya, watau manajoji.

A 60-70-ies na da ra'ayin technocracy aka ci gaba a cikin ayyukan Dzhona Kenneta Galbraith ta "Tattalin ka'idar da raga na jama'a" da kuma "The New Industrial Jihar". A Galbraith ta ra'ayi dangane da manufar "technostructure", a social matsayi na kwararru a cikin fasaha filin, shi ne "mai bãyar da haza} da kuma mafita."

A rayayye tasowa masana'antu al'umma, da "technostructure" yana zama ƙara muhimmanci ba kawai a cikin tattalin arziki da al'amura, amma kuma a cikin jama'a gwamnati. Yana da wannan dalilin cewa siyasa ikon da ya kamata a mayar da hankali a gyara wanda nema da ilmi da kimiyya don sarrafa al'umma.

Technocracy - ne kafuwar ka'idar "technotronic jama'a" da Zbigniew Bzhezhinskogo da kuma "post-masana'antu al'umma" Deniela Bella.

Technocrat Daniel Bell

Daniel Bell - a sociologist da kuma farfesa a Harvard, wanda shi ne technocratic Trend in falsafa. A cikin 60s ya gabatar da ka'idar post-masana'antu al'umma. Yana Bell bayyana wahayi na jari hujja canje-canje sakamakon da tasiri na ci gaba a kimiyya da kuma fasaha, ta hira cikin sabon tsarin, wanda zai zama daban-daban daga m jama'a da za a sake daga ta paradoxes.

Criticism technocratic ka'idodin

kwarraru kintace gaskiya na dogon lokaci da aka taba a cikin shakka. A cikin rabi na biyu na karni na ashirin, shi ne lokacin da za a mamaki binciken, da kara yawan aiki da kuma inganta rayuwar a kasashen da dama. Tare da m matakai, fasaha ci gaba ya kai ga tsanani ga tabbatarwa da yawa korau mamaki da sa rayuwar mutum a hadarin. Criticism na technocracy, idealized al'amurra bayyana a cikin selection na ayyukan art, wanda ya hada da kuma dystopia: "Utopia 14" Karl Vonnegut, "Fahrenheit 451," Ray Bradbury "," Brave New World "ta Aldous Huxley," 1984 "da George Orwell sauransu. Wadannan ayyuka ne mai barazana ga bil'adama, ka hukunta totalitarian jama'a kwarraru, a cikin abin da gnoblenie 'yanci da kuma individuality sosai raya kimiyya da fasaha.

Don-kwanan dubi technocracy

Yau masana falsafa dauke technocracy matsala kamar yadda daya daga cikin mafi gaggawa. Lalle ne waɗanda suka hukunta technocratic ka'idojin da tabbaci yi imani da cewa falsafar, dauke da makamai da'a, falsafa da kuma shari'a, sociological da muhimman hakkokin manufofin zai tabbatar da jama'a cewa technocracy - wawa hanyar ci gaba.