Sculptor Donatello: biography, ayyukansu, photos

Donatello - shi ne wani Italian sculptor, wani wakilin na zamanin na farkon Renaissance, da Florentine makaranta. Game da rayuwarsa da kuma aiki da za a tattauna a wannan labarin. Biography of marubucin ba a sani a daki-daki, saboda haka yana yiwuwa a gabatar kawai a takaice.

Brief sada bayanai game da sculptor Donatello

A nan gaba sculptor Donatello aka haife shi a Florence a 1386, dan Nikollo Di Betto Bardi - arziki ulu carder. Ya yi karatu a cikin shekaru 1403-1407 a cikin bitar da wani mutum mai suna Lorenzo Ghiberti. Akwai ya koya, musamman, da dabara na tagulla da simintin. A kan aikin na sculptor aka sosai rinjayi saba da sauran babban mutum - Filippo Brunelleschi. Ghiberti da Brunelleschi zauna lifelong mafi kusa abokai maye.

Dzhordzho Vazari ce cewa sculptor Donatello kuwa mai karimci mutum, sosai m, bi da abokai sosai, ba ba dora muhimmanci kan kudi. Almajiransa da kuma abokai da aka karɓa daga gare shi kamar yadda suka bukata.

A farkon lokaci na kerawa

The aiki na wannan sculptor a farkon lokaci, a cikin 1410s, an hade tare da na birni umarni, wanda ya bayar da su yi ado daban-daban jama'a gine-gine a Florence. Domin gine-gine Ko San Michele (facade) ya aikata wani Donatello mutum-mutumi na St. George (lokacin daga 1415 har zuwa 1417) da kuma St. Mark (1411 zuwa 1413). A 1415, ya kammala da mutum-mutumi na St. Ioanna Evangelista, ado Florence Cathedral.

Yi Commission a cikin wannan shekara domin ado na Campanile wa'azi da shi ga aiwatar da mutum-mutumi da Donatello annabawa. A kan su halittar mayen ya yi aiki domin kusan biyu da suka gabata (daga 1416 a 1435). Biyar Figures ne a cikin Cathedral Museum. "David" mutum-mutumi da annabawa (game 1430-1432 shekaru) har yanzu sun fi mayar da dangantaka da nan marigayi Gothic hadisin. Karkacewar ado kari ƙarƙashin adadi, daidai gaba ɗaya bi da fuska da jiki rufe da nauyi tufafi. Amma har a cikin wadannan halittun ya ke kokarin kai wani sabon manufa da shekaru - da jaruntakar mutum hali - Donatello. Sculptor ayyukan halitta da dama batutuwa, a cikin abin da bayyana wannan manufa. Wannan shi ne musamman m cikin siffar sadarwa. Mark (1412), St. George (1415), kazalika da Habakkuk da Irmiya (shekaru na halitta - 1423-1426). A hankali siffofin tã bayYanã, zama na game kundin, hoto maye gurbin da hankula fuska, da kuma folds na rigunan sa jiki da sauƙi, ta biyu motsi da kuma lankwasawa.

Yahaya XXIII Kabarin

Sculptor Donatello halitta tare da Michelozzo kabarin Yahaya XXIII a cikin lokaci daga 1425 zuwa 1427. Shi ya zama classic misali na da aka yi amfani da daga baya kaburbura na da Renaissance. Dogon lokacin da hadin gwiwa tsakanin biyu sculptors fara da wannan aiki.

Fitar Figures a tagulla

Donatello a farkon 1420 ta, tana nufin zaben 'yan wasa na tagulla Figures. A wannan abu, ya fara aiki - wani mutum-mutumi na Louis na Toulouse, wanda ya yi umurni da shi a 1422 zuwa ado da alkuki a Ko San Michele. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi ƙwarai Monuments, wanda ke yin tunãni wani fahimtar da halattar da sirri feat, rinjaye a cikin Renaissance.

Statue of David

Ganiya da kerawa da wannan master a cikin art na tagulla ne mutum-mutumi na David, halitta a kusa 1430-1432 shekaru. An tsara, da bambanci ga na da sassaka a kan tafiya da dawowa. Wani bidi'a shi ne taken da nudity, to wanda jawabi Donatello. Sculptor David Zagayawar tsirara, ba a riguna, kamar yadda shi ne al'ada da, a karon farko tun tsakiyar zamanai kamar yadda realistically kuma a cikin irin wannan manyan sikelin.

Sauran ayyukan da Donatello, shafi cikin 1410-th - farkon 1420 ta - adadi na zaki ya sassaka daga sandstone - da alama na Florence, wani katako crucifix ga coci na Santa Croce, da tagulla reliquary ga Ognissanti coci, da tagulla mutum-mutumi, dake a cikin National Museum of Florence a karkashin kira "Amorin Attis," wanda shi ne, a fili, da image na zamanin d abũbuwan bautãwa na haihuwa Priapus.

The ayyuka a cikin dabara na taimako

A gwaje-gwajen a cikin dabara na taimako a Donatello shi ma juyin juya halin Musulunci. A nema a gare idon basira image sculptor illusionary sarari take kaiwa zuwa halittar mĩƙe topography, cikinsa da ra'ayi zurfin aka yi amfani da kundin na gradation. Kara habaka da na sarari mafarki na yin amfani da hanyoyin kai tsaye hangen zaman gaba. "Zane" kurfi, sculptor kwatanta da marubuci na artist ta zane-zane. Ya kamata a lura a nan irin ayyukan da suna "The Battle of George da kuma Dragon", "Pazzi Madonna", "idin Hirudus", "Hawan Yesu zuwa sama Maryama," da sauransu. Gine-gine da bango a cikin picturesque wuri mai faɗi da maye da aka nuna, ta amfani da dokoki na kai tsaye a harkokinta. Ya ya iya yin dama na sarari zones a cikin abin da haruffan ne.

A tafiya zuwa Roma, na biyu Florentine lokaci

Sculptor Donatello a cikin lokaci daga Agusta 1432 zuwa May 1433rd located a Roma. Ga shi kuma Brunelleschi obmeryaet Monuments na birnin, binciko tsoho sassaka. Mazauna wurin, bisa ga labari, dauke biyu abokai da dayansu. Roman kwaikwayo da aka nuna a cikin irin ayyukan da shrine kaga ga Capella del Sacramento izini Eugene IV (Paparoma), "Gaske Shelar" (in ba haka ba - bagaden Cavalcanti, duba hotuna a kasa.) Singing grandstand na wani Florentine majalisarku da m sashe, sanya don Cathedral a Prato (lokaci na halitta - 1434-1438 shekaru).

Donatello cinma gaske classicism a taimako na "Biki na Hirudus", halitta a kan dawowarsa daga wata tafiya zuwa Roma.

Around 1440 da sculptor halitta tagulla ƙõfõfi, kuma ta takwas medallions for Florence Old Sacristy na San Lorenzo (lokacin daga 1435 har zuwa 1443). A kera stucco reliefs na hudu da aka samu mai ban mamaki da 'yanci a cikin hoton ciki, gine-gine da kuma mutane Figures.

PADUA lokaci

Donatello aka aiko a 1443 a PADUA. Ga fara na gaba lokaci na aikinsa. Shi aikin wani wasannin mutum-mutumi na Erasmo de Narni (Gattamelata mutum-mutumi). Donatello jefa ta a 1447, da kuma kafa da aikin yi kadan daga baya - a 1453-m. Hanyar aiki a matsayin wani abin tunawa ga Marcus Aurelius. Amfani da diagonal wanda ya samar da wani takobi da sanda Gattamelata (Erasmo sunan barkwanci), da kuma a hannun matsayi united Figures doki da mahayi a silhouette yanki sculptor Donatello. Sculptures halitta a cikin wannan lokaci, da gaske mai girma. Bayan sama shi aikin sadarwa chancel. Antoniya Paduanskogo, kazalika da hudu taimako depicting scenes daga ransa, wanda suna dauke da pinnacle na kerawa da wannan master a cikin picturesque ƙasa.

Ko lokacin da ba motsi Donatello nuna yadda biyu mutummutumai sadarwa. Ioanna Krestitelya a Florence (a casa Martelli na V Fiorentina), shi yana da iyaka ga mafi ra'ayin mazan jiya. A lokuta biyu ɗaurinSa. John wakilci a guje, da kuma kowane karshe kafana ne da hannu a cikin wannan motsi. Nature an dauka fitar da sabon asiri.

A rarrabe Donatello ta fasaha kunshi a gaskiya cewa sculptor Zagayawar da wannan fasaha da kuma samar da makamashi, irin ƙarfi, mai kyau kamannuna da alheri. Saboda haka, misali, sassaka a 1434 Bas-taimako marmara baranda na babban coci birnin Prato siffanta rabin tsiraici yan baiwa kuma yara wanda wasa kida da rawa tare da tutocin furanni na furanni. Musamman da rai da motsi, m da bambance bambancen. A wannan za a iya lura da wasu Bas-reliefs a marmara, sanya Florence Cathedral.

Donatello a 'yan shekarun nan, gano a PADUA kadan aiki. A fili, ya kasance tsanani da rashin lafiya. Sculptor baya a 1453 a Florence da kuma ci gaba da rayuwa a can har mutuwar (a 1466), sai domin wani gajeren tafiya a 1457 zuwa Siena.

Late Florentine lokaci

Yana kiwata da yawa tambayoyi daga baya aiki da Donatello. Sculptor a cikin marigayi ayyukan halitta ba sosai ban sha'awa aiki. Wani lokacin magana game da rasuwar ya fasaha, da kuma dawowar wasu gothic dabaru. Sassaka da Donatello a cikin lokaci daga 1450 ta zuwa farkon 1460 ta wakilta wani mutum-mutumi Marii Magdaliny (1455, photo cm. Ƙasa), aka yi da itace, da wani rukuni na "Judith da Halofanesa", wani mutum-mutumi na Ioanna Krestitelya, reliefs a kan jigo na ¡iyãma, kuma da Passion Almasihu kujeru biyu a cikin coci na San Lorenzo. A cikin wadannan ayyuka, mamaye da ban tausayi theme da cewa tasowa Donatello. Sculptor gudanar da naturalism, na da iyaka a kan m fashe. A yawan qagaggun an kammala bayan mutuwar uban gidansa dalibai - Bertoldo da Bellagio.

Sculptor mutu a 1466. Aka binne shi a cikin coci na San Lorenzo, wanda aka yi wa ado da aikinsa, tare da babban karrama. Kamar haka ƙarasa da aiki Donatello. Sculptor, Biography kuma waɗanda ayyukansu aka gabatar a wannan labarin, ya taka shahararren rawa a duniya gine. Ka lura da abin da ta kasance.

Tamanin da ayyukan wannan master

Donatello wani key adadi a cikin tarihi na Renaissance sassaka. Shi ne ya yi ya kasance na farko a tsare nazarin inji na jikin mutum motsi, ya bayyana wani hadadden taro mataki fara fassara tufafi saboda da roba jiki da kuma motsi, saita ɗawainiyar don bayyana wani mutum hoto a sassaka, kusantar da hankali ga shafi tunanin mutum da rai daga cikin haruffa daukar kwayar cutar. Ya kyautata tagulla da simintin da kuma ƙarfafa up marmara. Trehplanny taimako, ya ci gaba, da kara raya sassaka da zane.