Sophia Tolstaya: hotuna da kuma biography

Ƙwarai mace ya Sofya Tolstoy, matar Lva Tolstogo. Biography shi ne a hankali alaka da rayuwa da kuma aiki na ta girma miji. The mace bayar da wani wadanda mutane al'umma, kuma da saba birni rai saboda kasancewa tare da shi. Bayan mutuwarsa ta edited gādonsa ne Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya. Biography na mace da za a tattauna a daki-daki, a cikin labarin.

L. N. Tolstoy 23 ga watan Satumba, 1862 aure. Sunan Yankan Sophia Andreyevna Tolstoy - Bers. A wannan lokacin, da yarinya da aka shekaru 18 da haihuwa, da kuma Tolstoy - 34. The biyu zauna tare domin mai dogon lokaci - 48 years. Sun rabu da mutuwar Count Tolstoy. Duk da haka, da aure ba za a iya kira cloudless farin ciki da kuma sauki. Sofya Tolstoy Tolstoy haifa 13 yara. Ta ya buga a cikin rayuwa tarin ayyukan Tolstoy, kazalika da posthumous bazawa na haruffa daga cikin manyan marubucin. Leo ne na karshe sako jawabi ga matarsa bayan an shaida, ya yarda cewa, duk da kome da kome, yana ƙaunarta, amma ya zauna tare da shi iya ba. Bayan haka, ya tafi zuwa ga karshe tafiya zuwa tashar. "Astapovo".

Ya Countess bad matarka?

Kamar yadda a cikin rayuwar mijinta, da kuma bayan Tolstoy ta mutuwa, Sofyu Andreevnu aka zargi cewa ta bai iya fahimta mijinta, ya raba ya ideas. Ta ya ake zargin ma mundane da nisa sosai daga Tolstoy ta ra'ayoyinsu na falsafa. Tolstoy da kansa zargi ta na da shi. A gaskiya, wannan shi ne babban dalilin da bambance-bambance, glooming akalla shekaru 20 na rayuwar aure. Duk da haka, ba za a iya kira a bad matarsa. Wannan ne evidenced da biography Sofi Tolstoy. Ta sadaukar da rayuwarta domin haihuwa da kuma tarbiyyar yara da tarbiyyar, da kuma bayani na matsalolin tattalin daga baƙauye, da kula da gida da kuma kiyaye m al'adunmu na mata. Domin wannan ta yi manta game da m rayuwa, da kuma riguna.

Friendship Tolstoy da Bers iyali

Count Tolstoy da gamuwa da matarsa, ya ya riga ya gudanar ya yi a pedagogical da kuma soja. Bugu da kari, ya zama wani shahararren marubuci. Tolstoy da aka matsahi na saba da iyali Behrs kafin sabis a cikin Caucasus ya faru a cikin 1850s, wata tafiya zuwa Turai. Sofia - na biyu ya na Andrew Bers, wani likita wanda ya yi aiki a cikin Moscow ofishin na gidan sarki, da Lyubovi Bers, matarsa (na farko sunan - Islavina). Duk a cikin iyali yana da mata uku da kuma 'ya'yanta maza biyu. Bercy zauna a Moscow, amma yana da wuya ziyarci Tula Islavinyh Estate, located a kauyen Ivica inda Yasnaya Polyana ya kusa sosai. Lyubov ya abokai da Maria, 'yar'uwar Leo Tolstoy. Kuma Constantine, wanta, wani aboki na Earl. Tolstoy farko ga Sophia da kuma ta 'yan'uwa mãtã sun yara. Sun shafe lokaci tare a Moscow da kuma a Yasnaya Polyana, singing, wasa da Piano, kuma ko da sau daya sa opera yi.

samuwar

Future matar Tolstoy, Sofya Bers (M), ya karbi mai kyau ilimi a gida. Tun suna yara, mahaifiyarta shuka da 'ya'yansu wani dandano ga wallafe-wallafe. Ta sa'an nan sauke karatu daga Moscow University tare da wani mataki a cikin gida malami. An sani cewa Sofya Bers rubuta gajeren labaru. Ta hada su ko da daga ƙuruciyata. Bugu da kari, Sophia kiyaye a diary, daga baya a gane a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyau misalai na Genre na memoirs.

Kamar yadda Countess Tolstoy sha'awar

Tolstoy, wanda ya koma zuwa Moscow, ya same adult m yarinya maimakon wata yarinya, wadda ya tuna Sofyu Bers. Family sake converged da ya fara zuwa daga juna. Bers lura Tolstoy ta amfani ga 'yarsa, amma ya ji cewa Tolstoy ne ya ba da shawara ga Babbansu, Elizabeth. An sani cewa a wani lokaci, ya yi shakka kansa, amma a watan Agusta 1862, bayan na gaba rana cewa Lev Tolstoy ciyar da iyali, ya sanya yanke shawara. Ta lashe shi da tsabta da kuma sauki shari'a, ta bukatunsu. Suka karya up 'yan kwanaki, sa'an nan na Count kansa tafi Ivica. Ga Bers shirya ball. Sofia rawa a kan shi sabõda haka, Tolstoy ƙaryata karshe shakka.

Karanta Tolstoy ta diary

Satumba 16, Leo Tolstoy ya nemi da hannu Sofi Bers, aika wata wasika zuwa ga yarinya a baya, domin tabbatar da yarjejeniyar. Tolstoy, so su kasance masu gaskiya da ya nan gaba matar, ya Sofia karanta ta diary. Bears koya game da gagarumin baya Tolstoy game da giya da cãca, game da yawa litattafan, ciki har da sadarwa da Aksinya, baƙauye yarinya wanda jira a kan yaro count. Wannan gigice Tolstoy ta nan gaba matar, amma sai ta ɓoye ta ji kamar ta iya. Duk da haka, Sophia zai kawo cikin rayuwarsa ƙwaƙwalwar da wadannan ayoyin.

Bikin aure da kuma na farko da shekaru na aure

A mako bayan da baiko sun yi aure. Earl so aure da amarya maza maza. Yana da jũna a Tolstoy, daga karshe ya sami sosai guda, wanda mafarkin na tun suna yara. Leo, rasa mahaifiyarsa sau da yawa ya saurari labarai game da ita. Ya so ya nan gaba matar kamar yadda ƙauna, da aminci, hannun jari da ra'ayoyi mataimakin da mahaifiyarsa, mai sauki, kuma a lokaci guda iya kimanta da kyauta da mijinta, da kuma kyau na wallafe-wallafe. Yana da jũna a gare shi haka Sofya Bers - 18-shekara yarinya suka ƙi kyau kayayyaki, zamantakewa receptions, a birane, domin ya zama kusa da mijinta, to zaune a cikin kasar estate. Ta kasance tana kula da gona, yin saba hankali ga yankunan karkara rayuwa, don haka daban-daban daga haihuwa.

Family duniya Tolstoy

A Countess Ya halitta na musamman iyali zaman lafiya. Tolstoy da nasu hadisai. An ji mafi lokacin iyali holidays, an ji ma a Kirsimeti, Whitsun, Easter. Duk wadannan bukukuwa kaunace a Yasnaya Polyana. Wadannan pre-shirye da kuma ko da yaushe rantsuwarsu bikin. The iyali koro zuwa St. Nicholas Church a kan ibadar. Shi ne biyu kilomita kudu na gidan gona. A kowace shekara a Kirsimeti sa Kirsimeti itace, ado da ta gilded kwayoyi, sassaka Figures dabbobi sanya kwali da sauransu. Bugu da kari, a Yasnaya Polyana halshen dodo. Yana da aka samu halartar Countess, Tolstoy, da 'ya'yansu, kazalika da baƙi, baƙauye boys, yadi. Ankovsky kek da turkey kokari ne ciyar da wani abincin dare jam'iyyar.

Sophia cake girke-girke kawo daga iyalinsa. Yana wuce Farfesa Anke Bercy, likita da kuma iyali aboki. A lokacin rani na Tolstoy ta rayuwa ya zo wurin rayuwa. Shirya wanka a Kogin Nilu. Mazurari, a game da skittles, tanis, naman kaza daukana, picnics, gida wasanni, m maraice. Sau da yawa da suka dined a filin gida, a kan veranda sha shayi. Mutane da yawa baƙi consistently zo Tolstoy, da kuma dukkan su akwai wani wuri da dare. A Countess iya, kuma ku ciyar da kowa da kowa, kuma ya kyautata wa hankali. A cewar A. su ɗauko, Countess hadawa biyu muhimmanci halaye - "poetic yanayi" da "hannun-on ilhami."

A cikin iyali na Iliya L., ɗan Sophia, aka haife yar Anna a 1888. Ya na farko jikanyar Sofi Andreevny da kuma Leo Nikolayevich. Tun wannan lokacin, wani babban iyali Tolstoy ya karu a kowace shekara. Jikoki fara a Yasnaya mafi maraba.

A farko bayyanuwar yanayi

A 1863, Sophia Tolstaya Sergei ta farko yaro. Sa'an nan Tolstoy fara rubuta babbar labari "yaki da zaman lafiya". Matarsa, duk da wuya ciki Saide, ba kawai tsunduma a gidan chores, amma kuma samu lokaci da makamashi don taimaka a aikin mijinta - ta rewrote wani adalci kwafin zayyana.

Bayan haihuwar Serezhi Sofya Andreevna farko ya nuna halinsa. Ta bai iya kanta don a kawo dansa, don haka da ake bukata gubar m, ko Tolstoy aka yi tsayayya. Ya ce cewa a cikin wannan harka da yara na mace za ta kasance ba tare da madara. A cikin sauran Sofia Tolstaya bi kafa dokoki mata. Yana solves da matsaloli na manoma da suke zaune a cikin kewaye kauyuka, ya bi da su. Sophia Tolstaya duk yara kawo har da sanar da a gida. Na goma sha uku sun mutu a wani wuri shekaru biyar, da kuma mutuwa kowane daga cikinsu bar wata alama a rai na wannan mace.

fushi gina up

Kusan cloudless wuce na farko shekaru 20, amma ikirarin hankali tara. Tolstoy, a cikin shekarar 1877 ya sauke karatu daga "Anna Karenina." Ya ji rashin biyan bukata da rayuwa. Yana da matukar fushi, kuma tada matarsa. Bayan Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya hadaya kome a gare shi, kuma a mayar da martani - rashin biyan bukata da rayuwa, ta equips haka da wuya a gare shi.

Halin kirki SEARCH Tolstoy ta siffar a cikin hukunce-hukuncen a kan wanda iyalinsa sun yi rayuwa a yanzu. Count bukaci a tsakanin sauran abubuwa zuwa mere zama, to daina shan taba, barasa da nama. Ya ya saka baƙauye tufafi, ya sanya kansa takalma da kuma tufafi ga yara, da matarsa da kansa. Leo ko da ya so ya ba up da dukiya a cikin ni'imar da kyauyen. Matarsa da wahala dissuade shi daga wannan harka.

Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya ba zai iya yarda da cewa Leo ji m zuwa ga bil'adama, ban ji da shi a gaban ta. Ya ya shirye su ba duk manoman samu a tsawon shekaru. A jadawali aka jiran matarsa cewa ta gaba daya rabu biyu abu da kuma rai na ruhaniya, da ra'ayoyinsu na falsafa na Leo Tolstoy. Tolstoy, na farko tsanani jayayya tare da matarsa, bar gida. Bayan ya dawo, ya bai amince riga Sofe Andreevne ya rubuce-rubucen. Wajibi don sake rubutawa da daftarin yanzu aza a kan 'ya'ya mata da matar Lva Tolstogo, Tolstaya Sofya Andreevna, sosai kishi na su.

History of Aleksandrom Taneevym

Mutuwa Vanya, karshe yaro, haife shi a 1888, gurgu matar babban marubuci. Wannan yaron bai rayu har zuwa shekaru 7. A farko, ma'auratan kusa da juna a kowa da baƙin ciki, amma ba ga tsawo. Sassan na abyss, rashin fahimtar juna, mutunta batancinsu tura Sofyu Andreevnu sami kwanciyar rai a gefe. M fascinated music. Shi ya zama m tafiya zuwa Moscow, inda ya dauki darasi daga Aleksandra Taneeva. Babu Tolstoy kuma na Taneyev ke ba kasance wani m romantic ji na Sophia zuwa na karshe, amma dangantakar da ke tsakanin su kasance m. Duk da haka, Tolstoy, zlivshiysya, kishi matarsa ba zai gafarta wa "poluizmenu".

m jayayya

Mutual fushi da tuhuma a 'yan shekarun nan sun girma kusan maniacal kamu da wani ra'ayi. M fara karanta tsarin sautinsu da mijinta, kokarin gano a cikin su da wani abu mara kyau game da shi. Leo suka kwaɓe ta ga zama ma m. Fatal jayayya tashi tsakanin ma'aurata a daren 27 a kan Oktoba 28, 1910 Earl tsince ya abubuwa da hagu, da barin wani bankwana harafi Sofe Andreevne. Ya bayar da rahoton cewa ya na son ta, amma ba zai iya yin haka ba. Bayan karanta rubutu, kamar yadda evidenced da gida, Countess gudu zuwa nutsar. M hanyar mu'ujiza ja daga kandami.

Rashin lafiya da kuma mutuwa na Tolstoy

Bayan wani lokaci, na samu bayanai cewa Tolstoy, colds, ya mutu a tashar "Astapovo" na ciwon huhu. Da 'ya'yansa da kuma Sofia Nikolaevna, cewa ya ba ya so ya gani ko ya tafi gidansa a stationmaster. Kafin marubuci ta mutuwa shi ne na karshe da haɗuwa da maza. Leo Nikolayevich ya Nuwamba 7, 1910

Rayuwa Sofia Andreevna bayan mijinta mutuwa

Sofya Tolstoy, matar Lva Tolstogo, bayan rasuwarsa mijinta na shekaru tara. Ta ya wallafa tsarin sautinsu. Kula Tolstoy da mutuwar tsanani ya shafa ta. Ta iya ka manta da cewa ta ba su gani mijinta a hankali kafin mutuwarsa.

A karshe shekaru na Countess zauna a Yasnaya Polyana, tidying al'adunmu mata. M a cikin shekaru baya rufe littattafai da articles a cikin tukunya, da dakuna. A gida mai dakuna na da mijinta da kuma ofishin Countess bar halin da ake ciki na karshe ranar da ransa, ya ciyar a cikin wadannan dakuna a kan na farko yawon shakatawa.

Ta mutu a kan Nuwamba 4, 1919 na ciwon huhu, kafin shekaru 75 years. Ba da nisa daga dukiya, a kan Kochakovskom hurumi aka binne shi Sofya Tolstoy. Photo kaburbura na mata da kuma Tatiana Andreevna Kuzminskaya, da 'yar'uwarta, da aka gabatar a sama.