Belarushiyanci jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar: shela da tarihin

Belarushiyanci jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar shi ne na farko ƙoƙari haifar da nasu jihar na mutanen gabas Slavic reshe - Belarusians. Kamar yadda ya zuwa yanzu a matsayin kwarewa ta yi nasara, da kuma cewa shi ne dalilin da fragility na wanzuwar wannan ilimin? Bari mu bi abin da ya faru na matakai na ci gaba da kuma mutuwa na Belarushiyanci jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar.

Fage a kan BPR

Bayan da kifar da autocracy a Rasha Empire a watan Fabrairu 1917, da gwagwarmayar siyasa da ya escalated muhimmanci, ba kawai a cikin babban birnin kasar - Petrograd - amma kuma a kan karkata iko, wanda farka da kasa tsaro. Ba kare wannan rabo da Belarushiyanci lardin, da halin da ake ciki a wadda wuya da kusanci na Rasha-German gaban. Bayan Bolshevik juyin juya halin a watan Oktoba na wannan shekara, halin da ake ciki rincabewa ko fiye.

Tuni a watan Nuwamba, da most birnin a Belarus - Minsk - a majalisa na Ma'aikata 'da Sojoji' wakilai. A lokaci guda da aka gudanar da wani taro na Belarushiyanci kungiyoyin kasarsu, wanda ya kafa burin na ilimi ga mulkin kai a cikin Rasha jihar. A daidai wannan lokaci mai girma Belarushiyanci majalisar da aka kafa. A watan Disamba, 1917, da farko All-Belarushiyanci Congress aka gudanar a karkashin laimar wannan kungiyar. Amma da Bolsheviks ba kawai ya dauki kashi a cikinsa, amma kuma ta karfi m up taron.

A halin da ake ciki canja da cika fuska bayan rattaba hannu a cikin watan Maris na shekarar 1918 wata yarjejeniya a Brest tsakanin Soviet Rasha da kuma Jamus Empire. Wannan yarjejeniya unshi da zama na fi na Belarushiyanci ƙasashe ta Jamus sojojin. Wannan taron tattalin shela na Belarushiyanci jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar.

A shela da BNR

Tuni a Maris 9 ya shela na jihar Belarushiyanci jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar. Wannan ya yi ta kwamitin zartarwa na All-Belarushiyanci Congress. An kuma nuna cewa, BNR gudamawar ta Mulki a dukan tarihi Belarushiyanci asashe da kuma yankuna sanaki kabilanci Belarusians. Amma daidai iyakoki na ƙasa da'awar da Belarushiyanci jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar, kuma ba a kayyade. Kuma shi aka ƙaddara matsayi na sabon mahaluži - mai cikakken zaman kanta a jihar, ko cin gashin cikin Rasha.

A wannan rana ya kuma an zabe shugaban na Presidium na Great Belarushiyanci majalisar. Yana bayyana ga zama wakilin Belarushiyanci Socialist Majalisar Janka Sereda.

Maris 25 da aka saita da karshe ma'ana, don kammala mataki na jama'a shela da Belarushiyanci jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar. Tabbatas da matsayi na shi aka fili ya bayyana. Charters na Belarushiyanci Rada BNR shelar wani zaman kanta a jihar. A lokaci guda sun kafa iyakoki na ƙasa a kan abin da da'awar da aka matasa jamhuriyar.

BNR - jihar ba tare da statehood

Amma saboda wasu dalilai da Belarushiyanci jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar (1918) da kuma ba zai iya samun wata real statehood. Ba na karshe rawar da aka buga da ambivalent hali na Jamus hukumomi, sa'an nan a zahiri iko da kasar. A daya hannun, sun bai haramta ayyukan BPR, amma a kan sauran - ya hukumance ki gane jumhuriya, tun da shi zai zama saba wa Brest-Litovsk yarjejeniyar da Soviet Rasha. Wasu ƙasashe ne ma ba cikin sauri tare da amincewa da matasa jihar.

A gaskiya, da Belarushiyanci National Jamhuriyar bai sarrafa ƙasa, wanda da'awar, kamar yadda ta kasance a karkashin Jamus sana'a, yana da kasafin kudi kida a cikin nau'i na da ikon da tattara haraji, ba su da 'yan sanda a naúrar, bai gudanar ya dauko wani tsarin mulki. Mafi yawa daga cikin umarni da yanke shawara na BNR gwamnatin kasance daga zalla declaratory yanayi. Saboda haka, da official language gane Belarus da kuma babban birnin kasar - birnin Minsk.

A lokaci guda, BNR da wani yawan jihar halaye. Akwai nasu hatimi da tarihi gashi na makamai na Grand Duchy na Lithuania - "bi", wani flag, a ja-da-fari biyu launuka, yana da kabila daga cikin cibiyoyin, da majalisu da kuma zartarwa. Ko shi ya faru wani yunkurin samar da da kansa sojoji, duk da haka, m.

A fall na BNR

Matsaloli a yi da kansa jihar sa a tsaga a cikin manyan jam'iyyar na BNR - Belarushiyanci Socialist Majalisar. Amma da farkon karshen kuma sun ba da lokaci da nunawa kafin karshen jamhuriyar za a iya dauke da sallama na Jamus sojoji a yakin duniya na kuma janyewar sojojinta daga kasar a daidai da yarjejeniyar da Versailles. Bayan haka, da rabo daga cikin BNR aka shãfe haske, don haka gwamnatin yanke shawarar komawa daga Minsk zuwa Grodno.

A cikin ƙasa na Smolensk yankin a watan Janairu 1919 , Soviet Rasha ya halicci wani yar tsana jihar - Socialist Soviet Jamhuriyar Byelorussia, wanda aka gane ta Bolsheviks kawai istinbadi. Tare da taimakon da Red Army, shi zai iya hanzari yada da tasiri a kan duk Belarushiyanci asashe, ban da birnin Grodno, suka kama Dogayen sanda.

Duk da haka, tare da taimakon da Dogayen sanda, wanda ya dauki Minsk a lokacin da Yaren mutanen Poland-Soviet yaki, a watan Agusta 1919, gwamnatin BPR iya komawa zuwa ga babban birnin kasar, amma Red Army a watan Disamba ya iya mayar da ikon da Bolsheviks a Belarushiyanci asashe.

The Belarushiyanci majalisar karshe an tilasta su yi hijira daga kasar, na farko a Poland sa'an nan Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, Jamus, USA.

A m rabo

Kada kuma gwamnatin BNR bai kõma ba, zuwa karkarar Belarus. Bugu da ƙari, ko da a cikin zaman talala, da kungiyar da aka hõre yawa tsãgewar ƙwãyar saboda bamban ra'ayoyi na shugabanninta. Saboda haka, wani sashi daga cikin Belarushiyanci majalisar dokoki a shekara ta 1925 ko da sanya wani canja wuri da ikonsu na Belarushiyanci Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar. Duk da haka, kashi na biyu da ya yi Allah wadai ta ga shi.

BNR gwamnatin gudun hijira har yanzu wanzu a yau, kuma shi ba ya gane da amincewar da sakamakon post-Soviet Jamhuriyar Belarus, ko da yake da farko, kuma yana da irin wannan niyyar. Amma bayan zuwan masu iko a Belarus shugaba Alexander Lukashenko Rada ƙi daga ainihin shirin.

Halayen BNR har yanzu alamu na Belarushiyanci 'yan adawa.

A dalilan rushewar da BPR

Me ya sa yake cewa ba a matsayin jihar Belarushiyanci jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar? Aukuwa da rabo daga short-rayu samuwar ne sosai kama da tarihi na sauran irin wannan jamhuriyoyin cewa fito daga kango na Rasha Empire. Manyan dalilan rushewar da Belarushiyanci statehood kasance, a wannan lokaci:

• raba a kasa motsi.
• rauni support cikin gida yawan.
• ba-amincewa da BNR sauran kasashe.
• Bolshevik baki.

A hade da wadannan dalilai predetermine da rabo daga cikin Belarushiyanci jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar.