Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar: da ƙasa, flag, gashi na makamai, da tarihi

Byelorussian - a Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar, daya daga cikin 16 da tsohon jamhuriyoyin da Tarayyar Soviet. Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet, da Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar zama BSSR Belarus. A babban birnin kasar shi ne birnin Minsk, wanda shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma da kuma mafi densely lugar birane a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a cikin BSSR shi wajibi ne don zaɓar yankuna 6, 117 a yankunan karkara, 98 garuruwa da birane ƙauyuka 111.

Na dogon lokaci wanzu cikin Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar. The flag da aka gabatar da daban-daban zabin a cikin tarihi. Wadannan zabin aka gabatar a cikin labarin.

Abin sha'awa, a lokacin da akwai da Byelorussian Soviet Socialist ta Tsakiya, da gashi na makamai da aka kusan canzawa.

Tarihi na ilimi

Tsakanin wannan kasashe kamar Poland, da Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, da RSFSR, da Ukrainian SSR, da Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar aka kafa bayan juyin juya hali. A ƙasa da shi da kimanin 207 600 km ^2. Asalinsu mallakar RSFSR da Byelorussian SSR zama mai zaman kanta jamhuriyar a cikin shekaru biyu. Nan da nan bayan rabuwa na Byelorussian SSR sõyayya da Lithuanian Soviet Jamhuriyar da aka kafa Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar, ko, kamar yadda shi ne ake kira, SSR LitBel, amma kawai wani shekara da rabi. Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar a 1919 a gaskiya wani ɓangare na wani ya fi girma kasa. Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar kunshi biyu. Moscow-Litovsk yarjejeniyar, wanda aka sanya hannu a kan Yuli 12, 1920, an Shu'umcinku na rushewar Tarayyar Soviet LitBel. Kuma a kan Yuli 31, Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar ne gaba daya karya up. Saboda haka, Byelorussian SSR aka halitta a shekara ta 1919, sa'an nan ya zama wani ɓangare na wani ya fi girma kungiyar, bayan, daga 1920 zuwa 1991, shi wanzu a baya matsayi da kuma ya zama wani zaman kanta a jihar.

tattalin arziki da halaye

A 1980, 4.3 biliyan rubles domin ci gaban masana'antu, noma, da kayayyakin more rayuwa da aka kashe a cikin Byelorussian SSR. A mafi ɓullo da rassan masana'antu na jihar za a iya kira da sinadaran, petrochemical da abinci masana'antu. Rapid ci gaban tattalin arziki (1940 zuwa 1980) da aka za'ayi a kudi na nauyi zuba jari da kuma aiki na Belarushiyanci mutane. Mutane da suka rayu a kasar bayan yaki, sāke gina birnin, da yawa daga wanda za a iya ce an gina daga karce, tsara samar da hakar ma'adanai. A gwargwadon 29-Musulunci karuwa a cikin juz'i na samarwa a cikin adalci shekaru 40. Fuel BSSR da Jamhuriyar Belarus ya bayar da tabbacin da ta m reserves na iskar gas, da man fetur, da kwal da kuma peat. Rich adibas na ma'adanai sun kuma an ci gaba da kuma sanye take da Soviet taimako da zuba jari. A tsawon Railways a BSSR ya kamar yadda 5513 km zuwa 1982, kuma ga hanya motocin - 36 700 km.

yawan

Byelorussian SSR kasance daya daga cikin mafi densely lugar sassa na Tarayyar Soviet, a shekarar 1984 da yawan yawa da aka 47.6 mutane da 1 km ^2. Uniform shiri na jamhuriyar ne saboda mun gwada daidai yanayi cikin karkararta. Duk da haka, mafi populated cibiyar na kasar shi ne, wuri za a iya dangana a nan manyan birane, ciki har da Minsk. A lokacin daga 1950 zuwa 1970, da birane yawan mutane, an girma da sauri fiye da talakawan ga Tarayyar Soviet.

Byelorussian Nature

Jamhuriyar ne a kan Gabas Turai Bayyana, mamaye tsakiyar Dnieper tasa da kuma yammacin Dvina da kuma Neman a sama ya kai. M irin lebur surface. Duk da haka, yankin ne halin da sãɓãwar tuddai da filayen kwarinta, wanda sanya yawa swamped, a Bugu da kari, babban adadin tabkuna located a kan ƙasa da BSSR. Quaternary glaciation sa wannan alama na taimako. A wajen arewa maso yammacin ɓangare na jihar ne cikkaken tsarin na m moraine ridges. A arewa-maso-gabas suna tuddai.

taimako

A cikin shugabanci daga yamma zuwa gabas a cikin tsohon Belorussian lullube Belarushiyanci kunya, kunsha na raba sassa, elevations kafa a Moscow glaciation. Layi daya daga shi ne periglacial filayen. Belarushiyanci Polesie, located a kudancin jihar, da ake kira musamman idan akwai fili. Hills da ridges kuma yi aiki a kudu, kusa da Belarushiyanci Polesie.

sauyin yanayi

BSSR yana cikin temperate zone, daga wanda ya bi cewa sauyin yanayi ne temperate. Janairu zazzabi - game -4 ° C, amma saboda da mun gwada manyan tsawon daga arewa zuwa kudu, wannan darajar iya bambanta. A talakawan Yuli zazzabi - game da 17 ° C, amma ga wannan dalili, da darajar iya zama daidai ga cikakken duk yankuna na kasar. A sauyin yanayi ne da nahiyar, wanda ke nufin cewa ruwan sama ne kadan - 550-700 mm.

kogi

A Byelorussian SSR wani babban yawan koguna duka, ƙanana da manyan a nisan miloli. A total tsawon aka dauke da darajar da 90 600 km. Su duk kasance a cikin Atlantic tasa, wato Black kuma Baltic Tekuna. Wasu koguna suna amfani ga harkokin sufuri. BSSR da arziki ƙwarai a cikin gandun daji, wanda zauna 1/3 na ƙasa, ciyayi, swamps kuma shrubs located a kan ƙasa na 1/10.

Belorussian yankin ƙasar ya ba a gefen gabas Turai farantin, ya kuma inganta seismological aiki ba zai iya zama da karfi, mafi iko da girgizar kasa ne kasa da 5 da maki.

Na halitta albarkatun BSSR

A mafi muhimmanci ma'adanai, wanda yanzu located a kan ƙasa na Belarus a cikin manyan yawa, za a iya kira a gas, da man fetur, da kwal da kuma daban-daban salts.

Man fetur da kuma iskar gas sosai arziki yankin arewa na Pripyat ƙullunku. A rarrabe da mai adibas - shi ne m, da kuma wurin da yadudduka. Halitta gas ne ba halin yanzu a cikin manyan yawa, sabili da haka samar lokaci guda.

Brown kwal da kuma shale

Har ila yau babbar reserves na ruwan kasa da kwal da aka gano a cikin ƙasa na Byelorussian SSR. Peat ne wakilta 39 jinsunan. Shi ne daya daga cikin babban habaka a Belarus. Kamar yadda masu yawa kamar yadda 7,000 kwal, wanda jimlar yanki ne kamar miliyan 2.5 kadada, kawai ba za a iya amfani da su. Total peat - 1.1 biliyan tons, shi ne da gaske m reserves.

Bugu da kari, da BSSR fara cire man shale, wanda aka shirya a matsayin geologists ce, a zurfin 600 m. The babbar reserves na shale kamar yadda yadu amfani da man fetur.

salts

Potassium da dutse gishiri ne hako ma'adinai da kuma sinadaran feedstock. Ikon ƙasansu akwai waɗansu inuwõwi -. 1-40 m Su faruwa a karkashin carbonate-lãka kankara. Hannun jari potash mldr yana da game da 7.8 m. Su da aka fitar a fannoni daban daban, kamar Starobinsk da Petrikovsk. Stone gishiri wakilta mldr 20 m, da suka karya a zurfin har zuwa 750 mita. Cire su a fannonin Davydov da Mozyr. Bugu da kari, da BSSR shi mawadaci ne a phosphorite.

yi rawa

A ƙasar Belarus kuma yana da arziki na yi kuma ta dutse reserves, alli, da yumɓun, da ginin yashi. Hannun jari gina da dutse - game da 457 miliyan cubic mita ^3, ta - game da miliyan 4.6 cubic mita ^3. Mafi ne mai arziki a gina da dutse kudancin yankunan na Belarus. Dolomites, a daya hannun, zo da surface a arewa. Su reserves - game 437,8 ton miliyan na BSSR yana da arziki, da kuma chalky kankara, da reserves of wanda a yau asusun for game da 3,679 ya kai tan biliyan iri-iri na clays ake wakilta a kan ƙasa na Belarus a reserves na 587 da miliyan m ^3, suke located, yafi a Minsk, Grodno .. , Gomel da Vitebsk yankuna.

Development of albarkatun ma'adinai

A cikin ƙasa na Byelorussian SSR, kamar yadda aka ce, muna rayayye mined albarkatun ma'adinai. Su ci gaba fara wani 30 000 da suka wuce a lokacin da marigayi Paleolithic. A wancan lokaci, mutanen da suke zaune a wannan ƙasa, mined duwatsu daga ƙasa. Game da 4.5 shekaru miliyan da suka wuce, an riga an raya kremnedobyvayuschy kama kifi. Mun samu babban yawan ma'adinan da aka yi amfani da baya a Cretaceous lokaci. Su zurfin ne ba fiye da 6 mita, amma ba lokacin da ya faru, shi za a iya zaci cewa samar da duwatsu da aka sosai raya tsakanin mazauna wadannan yankunan. Akwai ma da dama sets na shafts, da alaka da mi} a mulki, yawanci har zuwa 5.

ci gaba na samar da

A zamanin d mahakar needles da aka samu, wanda aka yi nufi ga dinki bags zama dole su safarar da mined ma'adinai. Sarrafa kayan kusa da mafita. Flint aka yi amfani ga yi na gatura. Tuni a cikin na biyar karni BC fara hako ma'adinai na karafa, wadda mutane da suka rayu a kan ƙasa na Belarus, samar da abubuwa na rayuwa da kuma makamai. Bugu da kari, da yumɓun aka sanya jita-jita don daban-daban bukatun. Tuni a cikin 16th karni fara bayyana glassware, kuma a cikin 18th bayyana farko a yankin na yi.

hakar peat

Peat hakar a Byelorussian SSR zama wani m reshe na masana'antu. Kundin yi haƙuri ya karu saboda da ya karu amfani. Yana bayyana peat kamfanonin da leveraged kansu. Amma a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, kusan dukkan su kasance halakakku. Kawai ta 1949 da girma na cirewa peat kai baya dabi'u.

hakar salts

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da potash da dutse gishiri a kan ƙasa na Belarus ne a cikin manyan lambobi. Amma kawai a 1961, shi ya fara su aiki na sarrafa karafa. Used karkashin kasa Hanyar hakar ma'adinai na adibas. Arziki na su - Starobin. A mechanization na mafi yawan hakar sa a wani juz'i karuwa da salts da 60% a shekarar 1965, shekara da kuma 98% a 1980.

subsoil kariya

A Byelorussian SSR rayayye mined ma'adanai, shi ne mai sauki tsammani cewa shi ne karfi da tasiri da yanayi. Sararin yankunan da aka buga wuya. Saboda haka, wasanni da ayyukan da aka gudanar da nufin enrichment na albarkatun ma'adinai da kuma maido da albarkatun, kamar gona taki, da kuma dasa itatuwa.

Ilimi kwararru masana'antu kansu

Belorussian Polytechnic Institute, kafa da baya a Byelorussian SSR, shirya ma'aikatan aiki a karafa masana'antu. Yana da aka kafa a Minsk a 1933. Tuni a cikin shekara ta 1969, akwai da yawa kamar yadda 12 sassan. Akwai kuma sauran makarantu. Fasaha makarantu yanzu samar da ilimi a kan ci gaban peat adibas, karkashin kasa aiki na ores da ba na ƙarfe ba ma'adanai da sauran masana'antu.

Arena adawa

A 1920, da Byelorussian SSR, daya zai ce, ita ce cibiyar 'yan adawa ga bourgeois Turai da kuma Tarayyar Soviet. Last jam'iyyar zai riƙe da iko a Poland, Tarayyar Soviet ta moriyar wakilta wata tawagar da RSFSR. An yi shawarar ba a cikin ni'imar da Byelorussian SSR. Regulation ba ya bayar da yiwuwar fadada Belarus a kudi na Poland.

Byelorussian Socialists sun m da wuri na iyakoki tare da makwabta, wato tare da RSFSR da kuma Poland. Sun yi imani da cewa ba shi yiwuwa a kafa iyaka a kan ethnographic Lines. Unity ya ba a kan ƙasa da matsaloli.

Great Patriotic War

A lokacin barkewar BSSR da kuma Tarayyar Soviet sha wahala fiye da sauran sassa na Tarayyar Soviet. A Byelorussian SSR, inda suka kashe fiye da miliyan 2 mutane, da kuma kasar da ya fitar dashi game da 380 da dubu. Yawan mutane da suka rayu kafin yakin, aka kawai samu ta 1971. A Nazi invaders halakar 209 birane da garuruwa, da yawa na da da za a sāke gina, kawai miliyan 2.8 murabba'in mita gidaje sun tsira daga kusan 10.8.

Da 'yancin kai da kuma ban sha'awa facts

A shekarar 1990 ya sanya hannu a kan jawabi na Jihar mulkin da Byelorussian SSR, wanda nufi ta sananne rabuwa. Satumba 19, 1991 ta zama hukuma da aka sani da Jamhuriyar Belarus. A cikin wannan shekara da aka halitta da kuma sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya a kan halittar CIS. A jam'iyya hada da Rasha Federation, Ukraine da Belarus. An ban sha'awa al'amari a tarihin wannan jiha za a iya kira da cewa kamar yadda mutane da yawa kamar shekaru 46 na wannan jamhuriyar, kazalika da Ukrainian Soviet Socialist ta Tsakiya, ya kasance daya daga cikin membobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (MDD), ko da yake da shi ya kasance dogara da jihar - Byelorussian. A 1920-1930 shekaru na ci gaba da constitutionalism aka faruwa a kasar.