A farko saukowa mutum a kan wata. Kwanan wata, tarihi, sunayen

Space ya kasance kullum da sarari, wanda janyo hankalin tare da da kusanci da inaccessibility. Mutane da yanayi explorers da son sani - shi ne ci gaba da wayewa a matsayin fasaha ra'ayi, kuma a fadada sani. A farko saukowa mutum a kan watã ƙarfafa imani da cewa mu ne iya interplanetary jirgin.

duniya tauraron dan adam

Rasha sunan "Luna" cosmic jiki, fassara daga Proto-Slavic nufin "wani haske." Shi ne halitta da tauraron dan adam na duniya tamu da ta kusa wani sarari suKe jiki. A ikon gani da hasken rana a kan ƙasa ta surface sa na biyu abu na watã a cikin sama haske. A asalin cosmic jiki , akwai biyu ra'ayin: na farko jihohin da lokaci daya da ya faru da su a duniya, na biyu ya ce da watã kafa da sauran wurare, amma daga baya aka kama da terrestrial nauyi.

tauraron dan adam zama tsokani bayyanar musamman effects duniyar ta mu. Alal misali, da ikon ya janye Luna iya sarrafa stretches na ruwa (tides). Saboda da size, kwakwalwa gaba da kashi harin meteoroid fiye da wasu har kare duniya.

na farko da karatu

A farko saukowa mutum a kan wata - shi ne sakamakon wani American son sani da kuma kasar da niyyar cimma Tarayyar Soviet a halin yanzu batun na sarari ilmi. Domin da yawa millennia mutãne yana zuwa duba wannan wani sarari suKe jiki. Da sabuwar dabara a 1609 na nesa kusa da Galileo da tauraron dan adam sanya gani Hanyar koyon mafi m, kuma m. Tun lokacin da na gudanar da fiye da shekara ɗari daya, har da mutanen da suka yanke shawarar aika zuwa matsanancin jiki na farko unmanned. Kuma shi ne daya daga cikin na farko Rasha ya nan. Satumba 13, 1959 a farfajiya na watã saukowa sarari robotic na'ura, mai suna bayan da tauraron dan adam.

Shekara na farko mutum saukowa a kan wata - 1969. Daidai shekaru 10 baya, American 'yan saman jannati sun bude sabon sãsanni domin ci gaba da wayewa. Saboda mafi cikakken nazarin, mun bude har ban sha'awa facts haihuwa da kuma tsarin da tauraron dan adam. Wannan, bi da bi, sanya shi yiwuwa a canja bayyanar da jarrabawa na Duniya da kanta.

American balaguro

Kumbon sama jannati "Apollo-11" ta fara gudu a ranar 16 ga watan Yuli. The ƙungiya kunshi uku 'yan saman jannati. Manufar na balaguro ne na farko saukowa mutum a kan wata. Don da tauraron dan adam abin hawa ya tashi don kwanaki hudu. Kuma riga Yuli 20 module kauyuka a Tekun natsuwarSa. A kudu maso yammacin ɓangare na kungiyar zauna a wani lokaci lokaci: fiye da 20 hours. A mere gaban mutane a kan surface 2 chasa dade 31 minutes. Yuli 24 da matukan jirgin koma duniya, inda ya aka sa a rigakafi ga 'yan kwanaki: Lunar' yan saman jannati kwayoyin ba a samu ba.

A farko a kan Lunar ƙasa tako Neil Armstrong (kwamandan), 'yan mintoci bar Edvin Oldrin (matukin jirgin). Maykl Kollinz (daya more direba) ya jira abokansa a falaki. 'Yan saman jannati ya kafa wani American flag da kuma kayan kimiyya kayan aiki. Saboda haka, kayyade kowane biyu, na farko saukowa daga mutane a kan Moon da aka samar. Saki a hukumance shiga a cikin logbook da kuma a cikin tarihi tarihin duniya: shi ne sananne Yuni 21, 1969.

Neil Armstrong

Don tarihin ci na wata ya cika, dole ne ka familiarize kanka tare da gajeren tarihin rayuwa ta farko explorers. fara da babban jarumi na wannan labarin - Neil Armstrong. Ya yi wani babban iyali: m iyaye, ƙaramin 'yar'uwa, da ɗan'uwansa. Mahaifinsa aiki a matsayin binciken: dukkan yan gidan tafiya tare da shi a cikin birnin jihar. suka zauna har abada kawai a Wapakoneta (Ohio). Yaron ya lafiya, ya mai Boy Scout daraja mafi girma.

Da farko sana'a Armstrong - Air Force gwajin matukin jirgi, ya halarci yaki da Korea. A shekarar 1958 ya shiga a cikin ƙungiyar sarari matukan jirgi. A matsayin kwamandan, ya sanya ta farko jirgin a kan jirgin "Gemini 8" a shekarar 1966. Spacewalks, fãce ga saukowa a kan watã, ya yi ba. A shekarar 1970 ya yi tafiya zuwa Rasha a matsayin wani ɓangare na NASA tawagar. Daga 1971 zuwa 1979 ya yi aiki a matsayin malami. Ya mutu bayan wani gaza kewaye tiyata a shekara ta 2012.

Edwin Aldrin

Yana yana Scottish asalin. Mahaifinsa bauta wa a US Army a cikin sahu na jami'in. Dan bi a cikin zambiyõyin, da kuma ta wurin ƙin mafi girma ilimi, ya shiga makarantar aikin soja. A ƙaramin 'yar'uwa aka bayar ga Edwin Buzz sunan barkwanci, domin ba su da cikakken zargi da kalmar "wa".

Aldrin sauke karatu daga karatu a daraja na leftana, kuma aka aiko zuwa ga Korean War. Sa'an nan ya sheƙa da gudu fama da jirgin sama. A dawowarsa daga gaban ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban makaranta na Academy na Air Force, sa'an nan fassara zuwa sabis, a tsakiyar sarari flights.

A shekarar 1988 shekara (a wani matukin jirgi) ya aiko zuwa ga jirgin a kan okoloorbitny "Jen-12." A wannan balaguro Aldrin sanya farko spacewalk. The "Apollo 11" recaps tafo tare da abin da ake kira watã manufa. A surface na tauraron dan adam taku 20 minutes bayan umurnin da kuma gudanar da tarihi harbi. A shekarar 1971, ya aiki a NASA ya kan.

"Ritaya jannati" ... Ya mai girma buga for Edwin. Wasu unofficial kafofin da'awar cewa Aldrin shi ne na biyu ziyarar da tauraron dan adam wa'adi da shi. Amma shi ya kasance wani "biyu" mutum a kan moon. Wannan halin da ake ciki barnatar da shafi psyche na tsohon jannati, sa'ilin da ya fara shan kuma ya zama tawayar. Tun shekarar 1970, ya fara kokarin kansa kamar yadda wani marubuci. Shi ne marubucin littattafai da dama game da nazarin sararin samaniya da kuma ci da watã.

Maykl Kollinz

Wani muhimmin hali ne "watã" na tarihi. A farko jirgin tare da spacewalk aka aikata by Michael a shekarar 1966 a kan jirgin 'Dremin-10. " A lokacin da na biyu balaguro ya ya jiran 'yan saman jannati zuwa ga umurnin a koyaushe. A 'yan saman jannati, an umurce: a yanayin da gazawar saukar zuwa surface da kuma rikodin taron. Bugu da kari, a na bukatan ya taimaka da mambobi ne na ƙungiya, idan suka samu kansu a cikin wani rushewa. Amma ta babban aiki shi ne: duk da yanayi, to koma cikin jirgin a Duniya. A cikin sunan Michael Collins Moon bakin dutse mai suna gefe mai haske.

Ƙarshe na nazarin

An yi imani da cewa flights daga tauraron dan adam da kuma ta aiki da bincike a yau tsaya, amma shi ba. Da zarar gagarumin tarihi mataki Armstrong watã saukar da sauran "Apollo". Ba duk na balaguro sun nasara, amma quite hayayyafa ga kimiyya da fasaha. Jita-jita da shi cewa a yanzu da watã "bakuncin" by baki. Back a shekara ta 1972 a Amurka majalisar dattijai a kan taron ya ko da ya kasance wani rahoto kutse a cikin sarari da shirye-shirye na fasaha Extraterrestrial sojojin. Har yau, latsa lokaci-lokaci seep hotunan da rubuce da m fitilu a cikin duhu gefe na da watã.

Amma ba ya hana mutane daga baki gano da m jiki. A mafi plausible version na lõkacin fatara daga jiragen da watã yana dauke rashin kudade. Space nasara a 70-ies karni na karshe ya faru saboda tsẽre tare da Tarayyar Soviet. Bayan wani nasara a kan Amurka gefe na kudi da zuba jari a cikin ci gaban da jirgin plummeted. A farko mutum saukowa a kan wata, da ranar da ya zama farkon wani sabon "sarari" epoch, ya zama ajalinsa: a gaskiya, mutane sun rasa marmarin cin nasara a wani sarari suKe jiki. Its rawa a cikin ƙarshe na jirgin, da kuma taka leda a haunting jita-jita cewa Armstrong da tawagar taba zuwa da watã kuma dukan saga kawai da basira taka leda.

"Moon" mãkirci

Akwai ka'idar cewa a cikin "tseren" tare da Tarayyar Soviet, duk da takardun na saukowa aka wanda aka ƙãga da gwamnatin {asar Amirka. A farkon abin kunya ne dauke da littafin American B. casing, wanda bayyanar da wannan yiwuwar. Ko da yake bayan da fitina bayyana cewa samfurin da aka halitta da wani mayar da martani ga kugi na jita-jita a kasar.

Akwai wasu da shaida ga tallafawa ka'idar cewa saukowa daga na farko mutum a kan wata - shi ne gurbata :

• A binciken da aka gudanar a shekarar 1976, da ilimin kididdiga mutane of America.
• Video horo ayyuka 'yan saman jannati zuwa Earth-tushen, wanda shi ne wata dama kama da nadi, fim a kan tauraron dan adam.
• Modern image bincike ta amfani da photo edita, inda gano m Inuwa aukuwa.
• Amurka flag kanta. Wasu masana kimiyya na farko da shawarar cewa nama ba zai iya ci gaba a karkashin Lunar nauyi saboda rashin iska.
• A photos "daga watã" ba taurari.
• Edwin Aldrin ki rantse a kan Littafi Mai Tsarki da cewa ya zo ya tabbata daga cikin wani sarari suKe jiki.

All zargin saukowa magoya bayan sami halitta bayani. Alal misali, retouching cewa amfani a cikin m don inganta ingancin ga littafin da ba a ripple a kan flag daga iska da kuma daga spaceman mataki (damped oscillation), wanda ya kafa tutar. Original records ba su kiyaye, sa'an nan, da cewa wani mataki na farko a cikin tauraron dan adam Duniya, ya zauna, rigima.

A Rasha ya da wani m faru a cikin shekarar da farko saukowa a kan watã mutane. A Soviet gwamnati bai gani Fit sa mutane a cikin kasar a cikin fitarwa na Amirka, taron. Ko da yake Rasha Jakadan aka gayyata, a kaddamar da "Apollo 11", ya ba su nuna up. A dalilin da ake kira da tafiya a kan muhimmanci gwamnati al'amura.