Damped oscillation

Oscillatory matakai kewaye da mutum a ko'ina. Wannan sabon abu ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, da farko, a cikin yanayi, akwai mutane da yawa muhallin (jiki, sinadaran, Organic, da dai sauransu), a cikin abin da vibrations faruwa, ciki har da damped oscillations. Abu na biyu, a gaskiya kewaye da mu akwai wata babbar dama oscillating tsarin wanda sosai zama yana da nasaba da oscillatory tafiyar matakai. Wadannan matakai suna kewaye da mu, suka faye hali da ya kwarara daga yanzu a cikin wayoyi, haske mamaki, kalaman yaduwa, da kuma more. A karshen, da mutum da kansa, ko kuma wajen da jikin mutum, shi ne wani oscillating tsarin, wanda rayuwarsa bayar da daban-daban na hawa da sauka - bugun zuciya, da numfashi, da jini wurare dabam dabam, reshe motsi.

Saboda haka, suna binciken daban-daban sciences, ciki har da ha] in gwiwar. A mafi sauki da kuma asali a cikin wannan binciken ne free vibrations. Suna halin da ci da vibrational makamashi na bugun jini, don haka suka karshe tsaya kuma saboda irin hawa da sauka suna ƙaddara da manufar damped oscillations.

A oscillatory tsarin da ma'ana auku makamashi hasara tsari (a inji tsarin - saboda gogayya a lantarki - saboda gaban na lantarki juriya). Wannan ne ya sa irin wannan damped oscillations ba za a iya classified a matsayin masu jituwa. Ganin wannan na farko sanarwa, za mu iya bayyana shifran samu, misali, da makanikai da damped oscillations dabara bayyana a matsayin: F = - RV = -R DX / dt. A wannan dabara, r juriya coefficient, wani m darajar. Bisa ga dabara, muna iya cewa, darajar da gudu (V) ga tsarin a gwargwado ga juriya darajar. Amma gaban alamar "-" yana nufin cewa da karfi vector (F) da kuma gudun ne na bambancin yanayi.

Da ake ji lissafi na biyu Newton Law, da kuma shan la'akari rinjayar juriya sojojin, da lissafi characterizes damped oscillation motsi aiwatar daukan wadannan nau'i: a gaban juriya da karfi yana da siffar: d ^ 2x / dt2 + 2β dt / dt + ω2 x = 0. A wannan dabara β - damping coefficient, wanda ya nuna da kudi na wannan lokaci na oscillatory tsari.

Quite kama lissafi za a iya samu ga wani lantarki kewaye, shan la'akari da damping da kuma kara zuwa gefen hagu na ƙarfin lantarki drop fadin resistor UR. Kawai a cikin wannan harka, da bambanci lissafi ba da aka rubuta domin lokaci biya diyya (t), da kuma cajin capacitor q (t). gogayya coefficient r an maye gurbinsu da lantarki kewaye juriya R; 2 cikinsa β = R / L, inda K - kewaye juriya, L - tsawon na sarkar.

Idan a kan tushen da wadannan dabarbari gina m jadawalai, za ka iya ganin cewa jadawali na damped oscillations ne sosai kama da graphics masu jituwa oscillations, amma mawadãta daga cikin oscillations hankali rage-rage dabam dabam.

Ganin cewa a oscillations za a iya yi da daban-daban oscillatory tsarin da faruwa a cikin wani iri-iri na mahalli, wajibi ne a shardanta cewa, abin da irin tsarin da muke la'akari da a kowane hali. Daga wannan yanayin dogara ba kawai a kan musamman fasali na oscillatory matakai, amma akwai da kishiyar sakamako - yanayi ne na oscillations ne m da tsarin kanta da kuma nau'ukanta wuri. Mun, a wannan yanayin, ya dauki daya da kaddarorin da tsarin zama canzawa a lokacin binciken oscillatory tsari. Alal misali, muna zaton cewa tsarin bai canza elasticity na bazara, da karfi na nauyi aiki a kan kaya, da kuma lantarki da tsarin zama guda dangane da juriya na gudun ko hanzari na oscillating dabi'u. Irin wannan oscillatory tsarin da ake kira a matsayin mikakke.