Shiga aikin mika wuyansu da sallama daga Jamus. A tarihin yakin duniya na biyu

May 9, 1945 - wannan ranar ne saba wa kowane mazauni na zamani Rasha da kuma tsohon Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin ranar Babbar Nasara a kan farkisanci. Abin baƙin ciki, da tarihin asali ne ba ko da yaushe unambiguous, wannan damar da wasu masana tarihi na Yammacin Turai su karkatar da magana, events. Da sanya hannu kan yi na mika wuyansu da sallama na Jamus ya faru kadan daban fiye mun san daga cikin littattafan tarihi, amma shi ba ya canja hoto na ci gaba da kuma sakamako na jini yaki.

m

Red Army a cikin hunturu na 43-44 shekaru kori Jamusawa zuwa iyakar a kan dukkan fronts. M fadace-fadace sun gaji da makiya sojojin, amma kuma haifar da matsaloli ga Soviet sojojin. Liberation of Karelia, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, Bulgaria, {asar Yugoslavia, da ya faru a hanya na 1944, da Red Army ta kai kan iyakoki na tsokana kasar. Da sanya hannu kan yi na mika wuyansu da sallama na Jamus shi ne duk da haka ya zo, tikis kilomita na Maris da dakarun bukatar regroup ga karshe yaƙi. Shan Berlin ya zama wani al'amari na girma na kasar mu, a wannan fanni, da kuma kawayenta. Janairu 1945 ne lokacin da babu makõma ga Nazis, da yaki da aka rasa gaba daya, amma sai aka nacewa tsayayya su kan karkata daga Berlin. Halittar da yawa masu garu, gyaranta da sojojin raka'a, ƙanƙancewa na ƙungiyoyin a kan Eastern Front - Hitler daukan wadannan ayyuka domin dakatar da Soviet sojojin. A bangare shi kulawa don jinkirta da gaba a Berlin, shi ne dakatarda daga watan Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu na shekarar 1945. The aiki ne a hankali ya shirya kuma shirya, ga inganta fronts cire tare duk yiwu reserves da kuma makamai. Daga 16 ga Afrilu 17, 1945 hari kan babban birnin na Jamus zai fara da biyu fronts - na farko Belarushiyanci (Marshal Zhukov cafe Konstantinovich) da kuma na farko Ukrainian (Fasali Kwamandan Konev Ivan Stepanovich), na biyu Belarushiyanci Front (Rokossovskiy Konstantin Konstantinovich) za motsa jiki birnin yanayi da kuma hana ƙoƙarin karya ta. Kamar yadda idan akwai wadannan m shekaru hudu na yaki, da rauni ya tashi ya tafi a cikin aiki a Berlin, duk da m juriya na Nazis, share karfafa, kowa da kowa ya san cewa wannan shi ne hanya zuwa ga nasara. Kawai ta tsakar rana a kan May 2 45 da shekara da babban birnin kasar na uku Reich fadi cikin cikakken shiru, ragowar sojojin mika wuya da kuma Soviet flags maye gurbin da Swastika a saura na halakar da gine-gine.

masõya

A lokacin rani na 1944 ya fara Halan gaba na kawance sojojin a yammacin shugabanci. An yafi lalacewa ta hanyar ma m mãsu alãma daga cikin Red Army a kan dukan tsawon na gabashin gaban. Saukowa daga Norman saukowa, dabarun harin bom da babban m yankunan na uku Reich, da ayyukan soji a ƙasar Belgium, Faransa da kuma Jamus, muhimmanci wahalad da halin da ake ciki na Nazi Jamus. Zama na Ruhr yankin, kudu da Austria aka yarda ka ci gaba zurfi a cikin ƙasa na tsokana. A almara taron Soviet da kuma kawance da dakarun kan Elbe River a watan Afrilu '45 ne ainihin matakin karshe a yakin. A capitulation na Nazi Jamus, ya zama wani al'amari lokaci, musamman saboda wasu daga shi ya riga ya fara wasu daga cikin sojojin na Wehrmacht. Daga siyasa ra'ayi, da kama na Berlin da aka bukata sãshensu waliyyai a cikin wannan hanya kamar yadda Tarayyar Soviet, shi ya maimaita ambaton Eisenhower. rike wannan m ya rubuce yiwu ga alaka sassa na Burtaniya, Amirkawa da Canadians. Bayan wani m Ardennes counter-m, Jamus sojojin mãsu bãyar da bãya a kan kusan dukkan fronts ba tare da gwabza kazamin fada, kokarin jefa fama-m sadarwa zuwa gabas. Hitler a zahiri ya jũya bãya a kan masõya da Tarayyar Soviet, duk da kokarin da aika fita zuwa dakatar da Red Army. Na biyu gaban da aka motsi sosai a hankali, umurnin na hadin gwiwa na mahadi bai so nauyi asarar daga sojoji a lokacin farmaki a kan rijiya-garu Berlin da kuma makiyayarta.

Jamus

Hitler jira har sai ƙarshen tsaga daga cikin kawance da kuma canje-canje a gaban line. Ya kasance m cewa taron zai haifar da wani sabon kawance yaki da Tarayyar Soviet. Lokacin da ya yi zato ba hadu, ya yanke shawarar yin zaman lafiya tare da Amurka da kuma Birtaniya, wanda zai ba da dama don rufe wani biyu gaban. A tattaunawar da aka thwarted saboda dace samu bisa ga Soviet m. Wannan hujja ƙwarai kara da gaba da Red Army da kuma hana yiwuwar kammala wani raba zaman lafiya. Masõya da emphatically nace a kan yarda da duk na Yalta da yarjejeniyar, wanda nufi sanya hannu na aikin mika wuyansu da sallama daga Jamus. "Wuce" Berlin, Hitler ya shirye su Anglo-American dakarun yi haka ya ba su yi nasara ba saboda Soviet umurninSa. M da kuma hadari da babban birnin kasar na uku Reich fara for mu sojojin girmama. Nazis fanatically kare, da babu inda koma baya, da hanyoyin da zama birnin iko garu yankunan.

A Yalta Conference

M m a kan gabashin da kuma yammacin gaban bayyana shi ga Nazis da cewa suna kusa da total capitulation na Jamus. 1945 (ya farkon) Hitler bai bar wata damar lashe da kuma yiwuwar dogon lokacin da yaki a kan duka fronts. A anti-Hitler kawance gane muhimmancin amince da warware yankin da kuma siyasa canji a liberated Turai. A wakilan matakin qarshe na uku m iko a watan Fabrairu 1945 taru a Yalta. Stalin, Roosevelt da kuma Churchill domin sanin nan gaba ba kawai na Jamus, Poland, Italiya da Faransa, sun halitta sabon Turai bipolar na'urar cewa lura kan gaba shekaru 40. Hakika, a cikin wadannan yanayi, babu wani daga cikin kasashen iya ba shibtar da sharuddan, don haka sakamakon wannan tarihi taro partially bayyana bukatun da shugabannin. Amma babban batun da aka halakar da farkisanci da kuma kishin kasa, da hatsarin da irin gwamnatocin da aka gane dukkan mahalarta.

shirya daftarin aiki

Da sanya hannu kan yi na mika wuyansu da sallama na Jamus ya a shekarar 1945, amma har yanzu a cikin 1943 daftarin da wannan daftarin aiki da aka amince da duk kasashe na anti-Hitler hadaka. A Mafarin halittarsa kasance da Roosevelt, da daftarin aiki kanta da aka harhada da taimako na wani shawarwari kwamitin ya kunshi Turai masana. rubutu na daftarin da aka quite m, kuma yana da wata karin shawarwari a cikin yanayi, don haka a gaskiya da Jamusanci capitulation aka sanya hannu bayan da shiri na wani gaba ɗaya daban-daban daftarin aiki. American dogaran Haikali suka je wa sabon ci gaba daga soja, zalla hadin gefe. The maki shida daga cikin daftarin aiki dauke da takamaiman bukatun, wasu kwanakin da kuma hanyoyin cikin hali na take hakkin wani labarin, wanda suka tarihi.

m sallama

Da dama manyan soja raka'a na Wehrmacht mika wuya ga Allied dakarun kafin yarjejeniyar da aka sa hannu a kan cikakken sallama fascists. Jamus kungiyoyin da sojojin kokarin karya, ta hanyar zuwa yamma, ba don ya yi yaƙi da Rasha. Su umurni na sane da cewa yaki ne a kan, da kuma tsara su iya samun, kawai surrendering kãmamme Amirkawa da kuma Birtaniya. Musamman na kungiyar SS sojoji, shahara ga kisan-kiyashi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, suka gudu daga hanzari inganta Rasha. A farko idan na sallama da aka rubuta Afrilu 29, 1945 a Italiya. Mayu Soviet sojojin na 2nd sallamãwa sojojin Berlin, Jamus ta sojan ruwa sojojin ranar May 4 a Denmark, da Netherlands suka mika wuya zuwa ga Burtaniya, 5 May, Army Group "G" sallamãwa, kafin kai Amirkawa daga Austria.

A farko daftarin aiki

May 8, 1945 - wannan rana a Turai yana dauke su Rãnar Nasara a kan Fin Karfi. Ta aka ba zaba kwatsam, a gaskiya wakilan sabuwar gwamnatin na Jamus hannu da sallama a kan May 7, ya kuma shiga da karfi a kan daftarin aiki Na wadannan rana. Admiral Friedeburg matsayin wani ɓangare na Jamus tawagar zo a cikin Rhine, wanda aka tushen hedkwatar Eisenhower shawarwari capitulation May 5, 1945. The Nazis fara ciniki tare da kawayenta a karkashin sharuddan da daftarin aiki, kokarin in saya lokacin da ya kawo kamar yadda da yawa sojoji da kuma farar hula, yawan na yammacin gaban line, yayin taba ceasing yunkurin hana Soviet sojojin a gabashin shugabanci. Eisenhower gaba daya ya ƙi dukan da muhawara na Jamus, da nacewa a kan wani cikakken da kuma mika wuyansu da sallama daga Jamus da kuma sanya hannu kan daftarin aiki da duk jam'iyyun da rikici. May 6 a Rhine fary ta wakilan duk kawance sojojin. A Soviet tarihin litattafan ba gani suka sanya hannu a yi na capitulation na Jamus a farkon embodiment, amma sunayen wadannan mutane tsira daga Tarayyar Soviet - Janar Susloparov, daga hada sojojin na masõya - Janar Smith, daga Jamus - Janar Jodl, Admiral Friedeburg.

Stalin

Ivan Alekseevich Susloparov ya memba na Soviet manufa a hedkwatar ƙungiyõyin kãfirai, don haka kafin ka sa hannu a kan wani tarihi daftarin aiki, haƙĩƙa, sun shige da bayanai zuwa Moscow. Amsar zo marigayi, amma ta hudu wuri nufi da yiwuwar gyara wadanda asali version, kuma wannan ya dauki Stalin. Ya nace a kan sake sanya hannu takardar shaidar, kamar yadda muhawara don wadannan dalilai da aka ba:

1. Nazis bayan rattaba hannu kan sallama ci gaba da aiki tsaron gida ayyukan soji a gabashin gaban.
2. Ya dora muhimmanci ga Stalin, kuma zuwa inda Jamus capitulation aka sanya hannu. Don wannan karshen, a cikin ra'ayi, shi ne dace kawai babban birnin kasar na ci jihar.
3. Susloparov da wani dalĩli shiga wannan daftarin aiki.

Masõyan amince da ya ra'ayi, duk da fiye da haka, a gaskiya ma shi ne mai maimaitawa na hanya, wanda ba ya canza ta ainihi.

A capitulation na Jamus

Kwanan wata na ratification na baya kwangilar da aka kafa domin May 8, 1945. A 22 hours 43 da minti na lokaci a kan Turai hanya na shiga cikin sallama da aka kammala a birnin Moscow ya riga gobe. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa safe na May 9 a kan ƙasa da Tarayyar Soviet da aka ayyana karshen yaki da kuma cikakken shan kashi na Nazi Jamus. A gaskiya ma, cikin daftarin aiki da aka sa hannu ba tare da gagarumin canje-canje daga Soviet umurnin shi hannu Marshal Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich, da kawance sojojin - Marshal Arthur Tedder, daga Jamus - babban kwamandan na Wehrmacht Wilhelm Keitel, Kanar-Janar Stumpf Luftwaffe, Navy Adm Friedeburg. Kamar yadda shaidu suka Janar Lattre de Tassigny (France), Janar Spaatz (USA).

tashin

Mutane da yawa farkisanci kungiyoyin ba a gane capitulation da kuma ci gaba da tsayayya Soviet sojojin (a cikin ƙasa na Austria kuma Czechoslovakia), suna begen karya ta zuwa yamma da kuma mika wuya zuwa ga majiɓinta. Irin wannan yunkurin da aka dakatar da su daga halakar maƙiyi sojojin, don haka da ainihin ayyukan soji da aka za'ayi a kan Eastern Front har May 19, 1945. Aƙalla miliyan 1.5 Jamus sojoji da 100 generals mika wuya ga Soviet sojojin bayan da May 8th. Number of guda karo ya gagarumin, warwatse maƙiyi karfi sau da yawa tsayayya mu dakarun, don haka cikin jerin wadanda aka kashe a cikin wannan mummunan yakin da aka ba iyakance zuwa ranar 9 ga watan Mayu. A ƙarshe na zaman lafiya tsakanin manyan jam'iyyun da rikici ya ba ya faru a lokacin da sanya hannu na "capitulation na Jamus." A ranar da za su sa a kawo karshen soja adawa, zai zo ne kawai a watan Yuni 1945. A wancan lokaci, za a kõma sama da kuma sanya hannu kan daftarin aiki, wanda dogara ne a kan post-yaki kasar iko manufa.

nasara

Levitan sanar ƙarshen Great Patriotic War, May 9, 1945. Wannan rana ne wani bikin na manyan Soviet mutane nasara a kan Nazi Jamus. Kuma a sa'an nan, kuma a yanzu ba kome abin da lambar shi aka sanya hannu da capitulation, 7 ko 8, babban abu ne gaskiya daga shiga cikin daftarin aiki. Al'ummai da yawa sun sha wahala a cikin wannan yaki, amma Rasha za su zama ko da yaushe yin alfahari da cewa akwai karye kuma 'yanci da kasa da kuma na Turai. A nasara ya wuya, kudin da yawa miliyoyin rayuka, kuma bãbu abin da kowane zamani da mutum - su hana komawa irin wannan bala'i. Da sanya hannu kan yi na mika wuyansu da sallama na Jamus ya faru sau biyu, amma muhimmancin wannan daftarin aiki ne na musamman.