Santa Fe "Aurora" - wani jirgin, da aka sani daya-shot. Main halaye, tarihi jirgin ruwa na soja

Santa Fe "Aurora" shi ne daya daga cikin mafi recognizable alamu na Oktoba juyin juya halin. Amma tarihin jirgin ya hada da mutane da yawa more events da kuma soja kamfen ba tare da ra'ayin da tarihi hanyar da jirgin ruwa na soja zai zama bai cika ba.

jirgin ruwa na soja aikin

Construction na jirgin ruwa na soja "Aurora" (cikin jirgin na "Diana") ya fara ne a 1896. A cewar tsohon Shipbuilding shirin, wannan aikin da aka ba a cikin tsare-tsaren na rundunar motoci. Duk da haka, a karshen cikin XIX karni kasashen waje da manufofin lamarin ya deteriorated markedly. Yana fara makamai tseren tare da Jamus. Da wannan bango, da gwamnatin da ake bukata irin sabon jiragen ruwa a matsayin "Aurora".

The jirgin shi ne na uku a cikin Cruisers a cikin aji (na farko guda biyu sun "Diana" da "Pallada"). A jirgin da aka shar'anta a cikin New Admiralty. Ya aiki ne marubucin sojan ruwa zane injiniya Xavier warrior. Daftarin da aka amince a Sojan Ruwa kwamitin, sa'an nan ya fara shirye-shirye domin gina.

A cikin bazara na 1897 da Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II miƙa 12 ra'ayoyin ga sunan nan gaba jirgin ruwa. Sarki ya zaɓi da "Aurora" - wani sunan dauka a kan daga zamanin d Roman aljanna alfijiri. Bikin aza aka gudanar a ranar Yuni 4th. Yana da aka samu halartar Admiral Janar rundunar Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich. A wasu biyu Cruisers aka kammala kafin akwai "Aurora". A jirgin da aka sanya belatedly saboda gaskiyar cewa Executive Order ba su iya yarda a da isar da tururi engine. Society Franco-Russian masana'antu a farko ba ya so ya kai m zane Baltic masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa. A karshe rikicin da aka zaunar, da kwangila da aka sanya hannu (Yuli 20).

Fara na sabis

Mayu 24, 1900 da jirgin "Aurora" da aka kaddamar. A bikin da ya faru a gaban Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II, matarsa Alexandra da mahaifiyarsa Maria Feodorovna. Shi ne m cewa, a lokacin saukarsa a kan jirgin ya da wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa, baya aiki a kan wannan jirgin ruwa mai filafilai "Aurora", ya dauki bangare a cikin tsaro na Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky a lokacin Crimean War. Shigarwa na kayan da karin kayan aiki ya fara gobe.

Babban fasaha halaye na jirgin ruwa su ne: tsawon - 126 mita, nisa - 16 mita, daftarin - 6 mita. "Aurora" yana da wata gudun hijira na 6731 tons. Kamar yadda engine designers zaba ruwa tube boilers Belleville. A wani ikon game da 12 dubban horsepower hawa iya isa gudun kilomita 35 a kowace awa (19 kullin). The jirgin ƙungiya ya 550 matuƙan da kuma 20 sanda.

Wasu shekaru da jirgin aka gwada, sa'an nan a cikin 1903 ya shiga cikin detachment a karkashin umurnin Rear Admiral-Andrew Vireniusa. A kara rabo daga cikin jirgin da aka hade da biyu Pacific rundujar soja masu dawaki, halitta saboda da fashewa da Rasha-Japanese yaki. Ta tafi zuwa Port Arthur domin buše kewaye tashar jiragen ruwa. Jirãge da dogon hanya, wanda mafi yawa ana miƙa ba kasa da shekara guda.

Dogger Bank faru

Duk da yake tafiya a cikin Baltic Sea 22 ga watan Oktoba, 1904 a tsanani ya faru ya faru. rundujar soja masu dawaki jiragen ruwa halshen da harbe-harben da san ko su wanene m jirgin a cikin hazo. Sai ya juya daga cewa shi ne Birtaniya masunta ne. Biyu daga cikinsu sun mutu. "Aurora" kuma zo a karkashin m wuta saboda matalauta Ganuwar. A jirgin ya samu 5 bawo. Saboda da samu raunin mutu jim kadan bayan haka ya kasance a kan jirgin ruwa na soja m. A taron zama da aka sani da Dogger Bank faru. Saboda da rundunar jiragen kurakurai dangantakar da ke tsakanin Rasha da United Kingdom an tsanani ma'ana. Domin ya bayyana cikin yanayi na bala'i jam'iyyun sun amince da a gudanar da bincike na arbitral shari'a. Da shi shi ne na farko cikin irin wannan hali a duniya yi.

Duk abin da ya faru, da rundujar soja masu dawaki ci gaba da tafiya. Abin da ya halin da ake ciki a kan jirgin ruwa na soja "Aurora"? A jirgin da sauri patched, da kuma lalacewar da aka ba sa a koma zuwa ga mahaifarsa. A tsibirin Madagascar a lokacin parking matuƙan koya cewa Port Arthur ya auku, da kuma na farko rundujar soja masu dawaki Tihookenskaya mutu.

yakin Tsushima

14 ko May 27, 1905, sabon salon jirgin "Aurora", ya dauki bangare a cikin shahararrun Battle of Tsushima. Domin da Rasha jiragen ruwa ne mai hukunci yaki da kuma na karshe bege domin ceton dukan soja yaƙin neman zaɓe. Biyu Pacific rundujar soja masu dawaki sha kaye. "Aurora" ya yi sa'a - jirgin da aka lalace, amma ba sallamãwa, kuma bai sunk da bambanci ga mafi sauran m kotu.

Bayan yakin da jirgin ruwa na soja samu 18 hits. Anga sarkar da aka yanka, kuma fairlead incapacitated. Sauran ramuka da aka lalace. Mayu 21, tare da jirgin kusata da Amirkawa a tashar jiragen ruwa na Manila, Philippines. A jirgin da aka interned. The tawagar ya ba da aka rubuta da ba sa hannu a cikin m fama da Japan. "Aurora" zauna docked a Manila har ta sayi da zaman lafiya na Portsmouth, da ta kawo karshen yakin. A jirgin ruwa na soja koma gida Fabrairu 19, 1906. Anga a Libau aka jefa bayan 458 kwanaki bayan da jirgin sa ze tashi a kan wani balaguro a matsayin wani ɓangare na biyu Pacific rundujar soja masu dawaki.

A yakin duniya na farko

Nan da nan bayan yakin duniya na farko da jirgin-jirgin ruwa na soja "Aurora" ya zo Revel tashar jiragen ruwa jiran sabon umarni. Agusta 26, 1914 gudu aground "Magdeburg" a cikin ruwaye na Gulf of Finland. "Aurora" ya tafi sakonnin da Jamusanci jirgin ruwa. Rasha matuƙan gudanar ya kama da jirgin. Daga baya, sai aka dismantled ga ya da.

Wannan ya biyo ta wani dogon tsaya a tashar jiragen ruwa na Helsingfors. A 1916, da "Aurora" ya shigar da Gulf of Riga da kuma taimaka ƙasa sojojin ta amfani da nauyi manyan bindigogi wuta. A kaka da jirgin ya shiga jirgin ruwa zuwa Kronstadt ga gyare-gyare.

Fabrairu juyin juya halin

A lokacin zaman a Kronstadt kyaftin Mihail Nikolsky ya yi kokarin tsayayya da siyasa neman sauyi agitation, wanda ta wadãta a gida factory, wanda gyara jirgin. A Enterprises daga buga fara. ma'aikata 'bukatunsu sun daban-daban. Wani so don rage aiki rana, wasu sun saɓa wa hukumomi. A wannan halin da ake ciki, shugaban gaskiya tsoron ga morale na da mutanensa.

Fabrairu 27th aka karfafa makamai matsara mãsu tsarẽwa ga jirgin ruwa na soja "Aurora". Tarihi na jirgin sun riga sun hada da m teku fadace-fadace, amma idan tawaye fara a kan jirgin, da dogaran nan na count ba kawai abin da. Bugu da ƙari, tsẽgumi aka yada jita-jita, da cewa daga "Aurora" zai sa kurkuku jirgin.

A kan Hauwa'u na da Fabrairu juyin juya halin, da jirgin ana tarzoma. A matuƙan sun daina yin biyayya da umurnin Nikolsky, sa'an nan da jami'an bude wuta a kan su. Mutane uku da suka ji rauni, daya daga baya ya mutu daga rikitarwa. A halin yanzu, a St. Petersburg riga ya faru taro rare da zanga-zanga, kuma gwamnati a babban birnin kasar ya kusan shanyayyu.

28 a gaban "Aurora" ya fara wata zanga-zanga. Ma'aikata flooded jirgin. A lõkacin da suka koya cewa ranar kafin jirgin ya harbi, haushinka ya tashi. M tare da tsare kyaftin Nikolsky da wani Ogranovicha jami'in. Tare da su aka tsãge ta madauri. Mutanen biyu sun kasance ga mutuwa ta wata zanga-zanga a cikin girma hargitsi zanga-zanga. Nikolsky aka harbe ƙi zuwa Tauride Palace tare da ja zane a hannun ta. Jami'an kasa kare jirgin daga tsẽgumi.

M 1917 th

A 1917, tsarin jirgin "Aurora" har yanzu yaƙi-cancanta da kuma gwada da zamani. Santa Fe, duk da dukan halin kaka na yaki da kuma juyin juya halin da za a iya amfani da manufar da aka nufa. Bayan abubuwan da suka faru na Fabrairu da kuma kifar da daular mulkinsu matuƙan sun kafa wani jirgi a kwamitin. Akwai da yawa daga wakilan bar-reshe jam'iyyun, amma ba guda Bolshevik.

Duk da haka, a lokacin rani da halin da ake ciki canja da cika fuska. Lenin Magoya bayan hankali aiki tare da sojojin da Navy. Sai suka, ba shakka, ba zai yi watsi da irin wannan muhimmanci jirgin ruwa na soja "Aurora". Tarihi na jirgin da aka takaice sananne ga dukan mazauna babban birnin kasar. Idan Bolsheviks sun iya lallashe da umurnin jirgin ruwa a kan ta gefe, shi zai zama m nasara.

A cikin "Aurora" Ya sanya mafi kaifin tsẽgumi jam'iyyar (misali, Mikhail Kalinin), jadaddawa ta dangantaka ta musamman zuwa tsaye a kan jirgin docked. A sakamakon bai jira. By rani da kwamitin shi ya riga 42 wakilan da RSDLP (b). A matuƙan fara rayayye shiga a cikin Bolshevik titi ayyuka. Yuli 4 a lokacin wani taro zanga-zanga a Petrograd matuƙan zo karkashin na'ura-gun wuta da sojojin sauran masu biyayya ga wucin gwamnatin. repressions kan Bolsheviks zarar ya fara. Lenin suka gudu zuwa bukka a Razliv, da kuma wasu musamman himma matuƙan "Aurora" sun kasance a ƙarƙashin kama.

A Oktoba juyin juya halin

A watan Satumba, akwai wani jirgin ruwan ta sake zaben kwamitin. Yana da aka karkashin shugabancin wani Bolshevik Alexander Belyshev. Kyaftin ya Nikolai Eriksson. Tun lokacin da jirgin gyara da aka kammala, ya zarar ya shiga cikin teku. Duk da haka, a kan Oktoba 10 a wani taro na kwamitin tsakiya na Bolsheviks yanke shawarar dauke da makamai juyin juya halin a Petrograd. "Aurora" shi ne ba kawai dole kazalika-m jirgin ruwa na soja, amma kuma kamar yadda wani muhimmin alama ce.

A Bolsheviks sarrafawa ba kawai a cikin jirgi, amma Petrograd Soviet. A cewar ta yanke shawara na Oktoba 24 matuƙan bar jirgin a St. Petersburg. "Aurora" ya kawo Nicholas Bridge. City jami'an kokarin toshe mararraba domin dakatar da wani juyin mulki a babban birnin kasar, da kuma 'yan tawayen da aka ƙoƙarin hana shi.

A cikin dare na Oktoba 25, da jirgin ruwa ya shiga Neva. Erickson kyaftin farko tsayayya da yanke shawara, amma har yanzu amince. Ya ji tsoron cewa unskilled matuƙan kawai shuka da jirgin aground. Nicholas Bridge a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin Junkers. Lokacin da "Aurora" m suka gudu, da kuma magoya bayan na Bolsheviks sun iya mayar da motsi na da kogin.

bushe shot

By da safe na Oktoba 25 Lenin Smolny sarrafawa dukan sadarwa kayayyakin Petrograd - .. tangarahu, gidan waya, tashar jirgin, da dai sauransu Gwamnatin wucin shi ne har yanzu a cikin Winter Palace. A Bolsheviks aka faruwa fire shi daga sansanin soja, a taron na gazawar da ministoci da ya wuce shi.

Fiye da a cikin hari iya taimaka "Aurora"? irin jirgin da kuma ta makamai a yarda don a samar da siginar harbi. A Bolsheviks yanke shawarar ya dauki amfani da wannan damar. A rana ta 25 da jirgin ya isa Vladimir Antonov - kai na filin ma'aikatan Lenin ta mabiya. Ya yi umurni da a blank harbi, wanda aka shirya don samar bayan da sigina daga hasumiyar Bitrus da Bulus. Bugu da ƙari, Bolsheviks amfani da rediyo zuwa "Aurora" to aika da da roko na Lenin.

Blank harbi Rang fita a 21:40. Yana sanya Gunnery Yevdokim Ognev. A harbi ya sigina ga hari Winter Palace. Bugu da kari, ya sanya tsoro ministocin na wucin gwamnatin, waɗanda suka yi kunshe kansu a cikin last kagara. Masana tarihi har yanzu jayayya game da ko akwai wani fasaha yiwuwar ga Field Aurora harbi a cikin Winter Palace. Wasu masu bincike gardamar cewa wuta a kan kashi iya ba ko da saboda da wuri daga cikin jirgin wuri. Ko ta wani hanya, amma dogon zangon harbi da aka ba dole ba. A Winter Palace da ke a cikin hannun 'yan tawayen, da kuma ba tare da taimakon "Aurora".

Bi labarin

An episode cewa ya faru a lokacin juyin juya halin Oktoba, ya zama mafi shahara "Aurora" ga jirgin ruwa na soja. Tarihi na jirgin da aka nan da nan ya juya a cikin wani muhimmin image na haihuwa na Soviet tsarin mulki. Kwanaki uku bayan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin Winter Palace ya koma don gyara. Ba da da ewa "Aurora" ya sake zama wani ɓangare na aiki jiragen ruwa.

A lokacin rani na 1918 Bolshevik gwamnati shi ne har yanzu m. Petrograd raya game da White Army m Yudenich. Class jirgin "Aurora" ba zai iya taimaka yãƙi a ƙasa. Duk da haka, an yanke shawarar amfani da jirgin ruwa na soja kadan daban. Sa'an nan Petrograd ya bayyana a gaban barazana daga kasashen waje suka shiga tsakani. A Bolsheviks so ambaliya "Aurora" da kuma 'yan jiragen ruwa don toshe hanyar maƙiyi jiragen ruwa. Duk da haka, wannan bukatar ba tashi.

A peacetime, da jirgin "Aurora", wanda photo a cikin Oktoba events in Petrograd fadi a gaban page na da yawa Rasha da kuma kasashen waje jaridu, ya zama mai horar da jirgin. Santa Fe halarci dama waje Voyages. A lokacin da wadannan expeditions sami kwarewa sabon matuƙan RKKF. Tunawa da shekaru goma da juyin juya halin a 1927, "Aurora" aka bayar da Order of Red Banner.

A karshe dogon zangon cruise jirgin sanya a 1930, lokacin da ya taso keya da Scandinavian Larabawa. Sa'an nan ya bi dogon overhaul. Duk da haka, ba zai iya ba santsi a kan gaskiya cewa jirgin ne daga ranar. By 1941, shi ya shirya ya yi da su janye daga rundunar motoci, amma shi ya hana farko daga cikin yaki.

A lokacin Birnin Leningrad, "Aurora" kawancen da aka hõre yawa bamai da Jamus da jirgin sama. A farkon yakin, da Soviet jagoranci yanke shawarar yin jirgin ɓangare na tsaro tsarin birnin. A jirgin ruwa yana da 'yan anti-aircraft da bindigogi, wanda zai iya zama da amfani a yaki da Luftwaffe jirgin sama. A dakarun sa a gaskiyar cewa jirgin yana mai yawa ramukan. A marigayi 1941, da matuƙan aka kwashe. Harbe-harben a kan "Aurora" ya tsaya ne kawai bayan da dagawa na kawancen.

A madawwami parking

A shekarar 1944 aka yanke shawarar aika da jirgin a kan madawwami parking a Petrograd embankment da kuma juya shi a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya. By lokacin a duk faɗin tarayyar Soviet, akwai kusan babu irin wannan almara shafukan da jirgin ruwa na soja "Aurora". Tour na jirgin da aka sanya m ga yawon bude ido na Arewa babban birnin kasar.

Kan gaba 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, "Aurora" ya tafi, ta hanyar da dozin mayar da su. A 2014, jirgin da aka aika zuwa Kronstadt ga na gaba gyara. Ya aka shirya komawa zuwa ga madawwami parking a Petrograd embankment riga a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2016.