Dokar kiwon lafiya ta jihar. Lafiya a Rasha

A kowace ƙasa, kiwon lafiyar aikin zamantakewa ne na al'umma, wanda manufarta shine kare da ƙarfafa lafiyar mutum. Abubuwan irin wannan tsarin ya faru tun kafin mutane suka halicci jihohi na farko da tsohuwar wayewa. Sun nuna kansu a cikin ɗaya ko wani kula da al'umma, dangi ko kabilar game da marasa lafiya, da kuma a cikin matakan da aka dauka don hana raunin da kuma cututtuka. Wannan na iya hada da magunguna daban-daban na masu warkarwa, halayyarsu da kuma kungiyar.

Tarihin Lafiya a Rasha

Jiharmu tana kula da lafiyar jama'arta. Kuma ya kasance a kowane mataki na tarihin tarihin Rasha. Dukan kwarewar da masana kimiyya suka tattara da kuma likitoci a filin kiwon lafiya sun bamu damar kusanci yanayin zamantakewar zamantakewa da jin dadin jama'a na cikin shekaru 20 zuwa 60 na karni na karshe. Duk da haka, a cikin shekarun da suka gabata na karni na 20, dukan tsarin kiwon lafiyar jihar a Rasha ya fara farawa zuwa sabuwar yanayin aiki. Bukatar da ake bukata don irin wannan mataki shi ne yanayin rikici.

Sun yi bayanin kansu da kuma sababbin ka'idodin da suka faru a cikin zamantakewar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na kasar. Duk da haka, irin wannan canjin ba a aiwatar ba. Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarƙashin yanayin tsarin kulawa, tsarin kiwon lafiyar ya fara jin daɗi na musamman. An lura da shi a irin wadannan wuraren:

- Lafiya, wadda aka tabbatar da raguwar rayuwa a duk faɗin ƙasar;

- kuɗi, kamar yadda aka nuna yawan rashin daidaituwa da aka zuba a kiwon lafiyar;

- ƙaddara kayan abu da fasaha;

- Frames.

Domin inganta tsarin kiwon lafiya a Rasha, gwamnati ta karbi takardu. Dukansu sunyi amfani ne don warware matsalar matsalar canji na wannan muhimmin dandalin zamantakewa. Bisa ga shawarwarin da aka soma, tsarin kula da kiwon lafiyar ya kamata a sake gyaggyarawa don la'akari da ƙarfafa dukkanin kayan aiki da fasaha da kuma karfafa matakan tsaro. A yau, zamu iya cewa duk abin da aka aikata a cikin wannan hanya har zuwa shekaru goma na karni na 20. Ya ba da kyakkyawar tsire-tsire. Duk da haka, kasar ta fara sauyawa zuwa sabon hanyoyi na kasuwanni. Wannan ya haifar da tallafawa wani tsari na majalisa game da asibiti na kiwon lafiya da kuma sababbin hanyoyin da ake bukata don cigaba da bunkasa tsarin kula da lafiya a kasar Rasha. Kuma yanzu jihar ba ta daina aiki a cikin wannan hanya ba.

Ka'idojin lafiya

Dukkan tarihin tsarin tsarin kiwon lafiya na jama'a ba su ci gaba ba ne ba tare da wata ba. A kowane lokaci, matakin ya dogara ne akan yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da ke ci gaba a kasar. Duk da haka, jihar na tsawon shekarun da suka wuce ba ta canza ka'idodin tsarin kiwon lafiya a Rasha. Duk wadannan abubuwan da aka tsara bayan 1917 sun kasance masu dacewa a lokacin hasken Soviet, a duk lokacin tarihin Soviet Union, an kiyaye su har yanzu.

Jerin ka'idodi na asibiti na kiwon lafiya a Rasha sun hada da:

- alhakin jihohi da al'umma don ƙarfafawa da kare lafiyar jama'arta;

- kafa tsarin kula da lafiya wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi da cibiyoyi daban-daban na mallakar mallakar da ke tabbatar da tabbatar da ingantattun ayyukan kiwon lafiya ga jama'a;

- adanawa da cigaban ci gaban ci gaban zamantakewa da kuma kariya ga kulawar gida;

- samar da 'yan kasa da taimakon likita na jama'a;

- haɗuwa da aiki da kimiyya;

- sa hannu ga yawan jama'a a aiwatar da shirye-shirye na kiwon lafiya;

- aiki shiri na zama dole likita da kuma reno sandarsa, manne ga dokokin da norms na likita xa'a.

Hanyar aiki

A totality of aiki a kasar mu, likita da wurin, shi ne ba cewa wasu, kamar yadda gyarawa da dokokin tsarin. Harkokin kiwon lafiya a Rasha a yau sun hada da sassa uku:

- jihar;

- Municipal;

- masu zaman kansu.

Kafin, har zuwa 90s na karni na 20, kawai ne kawai daga cikin muhimman ayyukan zamantakewa da na zamantakewa. Taswirar uku a tsarin kiwon lafiya na Rasha an kafa shi ne kawai bayan bin ka'idojin dokoki. Bari muyi la'akari da waɗannan daga cikin wadannan hanyoyin a cikin cikakken bayani.

Jagoran gwamnati a magani

Tsarin iko da kiwon lafiya na wannan sashe a Rasha ne karkashin jagorancin ma'aikatar. Da yake kasancewa babban kwamandan hukumar tarayya, ya magance ayyukan da ake da shi wajen bunkasa da kuma aiwatar da manufofin gwamnati da nufin kare lafiyar 'yan ƙasa na kasar. Bugu da ƙari, wata ƙungiya ta ƙungiyar sauran hukumomin gwamnati ta ƙunshi tsarin jihar. Harkokin kiwon lafiya a Rasha suna wakiltar ma'aikatun dukkanin jihohin da suka hada da Rasha. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin jihohi ya haɗa da gudanar da harkokin kiwon lafiya, wanda ke cikin gundumomi, yankuna, yankuna, biranen Moscow da St. Petersburg. Wato, wannan jerin ya ƙunshi dukan batutuwa na ƙasar, da RAMS. Ayyukan tsarin kiwon lafiyar a Rasha shine ya dauki dukkan matakai don aiwatar da manufofin kasar, da kuma aiwatar da shirye-shiryen daban-daban a fannin cigaban maganin da kimiyya da ke nazarin hakan.

Dukkanin sha'anin kulawa da ke ƙarƙashin su suna bin waɗannan cibiyoyin:

- magani-da-prophylactic irin;

- manyan ayyukan bincike da ayyukan ci gaba;

- ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya;

- Sanitary-m irin;

- kantin magani;

- Pharmaceutical.

Dukkanin su shine tsarin tsarin. Rikicin kiwon lafiya a Rasha a wannan yanki ya hada da cibiyoyin da Ma'aikatar sufuri da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Hoto da Ma'aikatar Harkokin gaggawa suka gina. Dukkanansu ma suna aiwatar da babban aikin da ake yi na kare lafiyar 'yan ƙasa na kasar.

Ƙungiyoyi na tsarin kiwon lafiya na jihar su ne hukumomin shari'a. Bugu da ƙari, suna gudanar da ayyukansu bisa ga dokokin majalisar dokokin Rasha, da tsare-tsaren tsari na batutuwa na kasar, da kuma kan takardun da hukumomin kiwon lafiya da na tarayya suka bayar. A lokaci guda, aikin shine ya gudanar da wannan yanki kuma ya gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban na bincike. Har ila yau, kungiyoyi na tsarin jihohin suna kula da lafiyar jama'a da rashin lafiyar mutane. Mutane suna juyawa zuwa gare su don samar da kayan kiwon lafiya na zamani.

Tsarin birni

Babban aiki na cibiyoyi a wannan yanki shine kuma gudanar da tsara likita don marasa lafiya. Tsarin kula da lafiyar jama'a a Rasha ya hada da cibiyoyin kulawa, rigakafi da ilimi. Wannan ya hada da kamfanoni da magunguna. Topping wannan tsarin kiwon lafiya hukumomi na birni gwamnati matakin.

Bugu da ƙari, dukansu suna aiki ne bisa ka'ida da ka'idoji ba kawai ga tarayya ba, har ma da wasu yankuna da suke jagoranci wannan jagora.

Babban matsalar da za a warware da kiwon lafiya tsarin na Rasha yankuna, shi ne don samar da yawan jama'a na farko na kiwon lafiya, kazalika da wasu daga ta musamman nau'in. Bugu da kari, hukumomin kula da kiwon lafiya na gari, bisa ga al'amuran sassan ayyukansu, suna buƙatar:

- don tayar da darajar ilimin tsabta da tsabta ta jama'a;

- don tabbatar da samun dama ga yawan jama'a zuwa ga ƙarfin da aka ba da taimako na likita;

- don gudanar da iko a kan ingancin ayyukan da aka sanya ba kawai ta ƙungiyoyi masu biyayya ba, har ma da waɗanda suka shiga tsarin likita da na zaman kansu.

Tsarin kula da kiwon lafiya na yankuna na Rasha an kiyasta daga kasafin kuɗin duk matakan da ake samu a kasar, da kuma kudade da aka tsara don wannan dalili da kuma sauran kafofin da ba a hana su ba.

Bayanin magani

Wannan tsarin kiwon lafiyar ya hada da kungiyoyi na magani da rigakafin, da magunguna. Dũkiyõyinsu mallakar masu zaman kansu mutanen. A cikin wannan tsarin shine bincike, ilimi, kantin magani da kulawa da cibiyoyin rigakafi, waɗanda ke da kuɗi daga mutane ko kungiyoyin jama'a.

Ayyukan irin waɗannan cibiyoyin suna cikin tsarin dokokin Rasha na yanzu, da kuma ka'idodin dokoki da ka'idodin shari'a wadanda suka shafi ƙasashe, yankuna da na tarayya na kula da kiwon lafiya da na gwamnati.

Saboda haka, tsarin kula da lafiya a Rasha ya hade. A halin yanzu, haɗuwa da dukkanin sassa uku an dauke shi dace, saboda yana taimaka wajen ƙara jerin kuma inganta ingancin sabis na kiwon lafiya.

Guarantees ga yawan

Yaya tasirin lafiyarmu yake da tasiri? Rikicin kiwon lafiya a Rasha shine damuwa ne na kai tsaye a jihar. Bayan haka, yana da sha'awar ci gaba da tsawon rayuwar mutane. Yaya tsarin kiwon lafiya ke aiki a Rasha? Ana iya samun wadata da kuma fursunoni a wannan yanki a kowace ƙasa. Akwai su da mu.

Saboda haka, kyakkyawar sashin tsarin Rasha shine tabbacin karɓar magani na kyauta. Wannan shine hakikanin tsarin mulki na kowane dan kasar. Bugu da ƙari, wannan tanadi ya kasance a cikin Resolution da Gwamnatin Rasha ta karɓa a watan Satumbar 1998. Wannan littafi ya bada jerin sunayen irin nauyin irin wannan taimako, wanda aka bayar a sakamakon kudade na jama'a.
Menene tsarin kiwon lafiya a Rasha? Harkokin asibiti, da nufin kula da kiyaye lafiyar mutum. A matsayin wani ɓangare na binciken likita, likitoci suna gudanar da aikin kula da yawan jama'a. Dalilin irin waɗannan abubuwa shine:

- ganowa na cututtuka daban-daban a farkon matakai na ci gaba;

- Magana ga marasa lafiya zuwa magani ko gyarawa;

- shan matakan da za su hana ci gaba da ciwo, ciki har da jagorancin mai haƙuri don sauƙin aiki, da dai sauransu.

Bugu da} ari, Rasha ta jaddada ilimin tsabtace jama'a, da sanin yadda mutane ke da masaniyar rayuwa mai kyau, wanda ya inganta shirye-shiryen tsabta da tsabta.

Rashin lafiyar lafiyar lafiyar Rasha

Kula da lafiyar jama'a na Rasha sun fuskanci matsalolin matsaloli waɗanda basu yarda da shi don aiki tare da yadda ake bukata ba.

Don haka, minuses na ayyukan kiwon lafiyar Rasha sune:

- rashin kudade;

- rabuwa na kasafin kuɗi;

- rashin daidaituwa a cikin rabon adadin ayyukan likita da aka ba wa 'yan ƙasa da kuma albarkatun da ake samu ga masana'antu;

- Matsayi na kasa da kasa, rashin aiki da yawa, da kuma aiki mai tsanani na ma'aikatan likita, wanda ya fi dacewa a aikace-aikace;

- Rashin hankali ga kulawa da kulawa na 'yan ƙasa a cikin saitunan fita;

- Lalacewa a cikin tsarin ilmin likita wanda ke shirya ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da ma'aikatan jinya;

- rashin shirye-shiryen likitoci da ma'aikatan jinya don samar da lafiyar lafiya a matakin mafi girma.

Sanin ci gaba

A wace hanya ce tsarin kiwon lafiya a Rasha zai ci gaba a nan gaba? Abubuwan amfani da rashin amfani da aiki na yanzu suna nazarin kwararrun likitoci. Tattaunawar halin da ake ciki zai haifar da hanyoyi masu kyau na ci gaban wannan wuri. Don haka, don inganta aikin tsarin kiwon lafiya, dole ne:

- ingantawa da tsarin aikin likita da gyaran ayyukan likitoci, wanda dole ne ya bar tattalin arziki da kuma lokaci guda rashin aiki;

- canza tsarin karatu na kwalejin likita da jami'o'i tare da fadada lokaci ɗaya na koyar da batutuwa na samar da kulawa na farko ga jama'a.

A lokaci guda, gudanar da tsarin kiwon lafiya a Rasha dole ne ya watsar da ayyukan sarrafawa, ya maye gurbin su tare da masu bincike.

Bayaniyar bayani

Kafin yanayin kiwon lafiya na kasar Rasha akwai aikin da ya fi dacewa da karuwa a cikin rayuwar rai na 'yan ƙasa. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a magance shi yana da alaka da sanarwar dukan masu ruwa da tsaki game da aikin kungiyoyin kiwon lafiya. Kuma wannan ya zama mai yiwuwa dangane da ci gaba da sababbin fasaha. Tare da yin amfani da su a cikin rukunin Rasha shine sabon tsarin bayanai na "tsarin kiwon lafiya na yankunan Rasha" an halicce shi, wanda ya zama dole don:

- nuna alamar wuraren da ake yi na gwamnonin birni da na yankuna, da kungiyoyi da kuma cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya;

- Motsa jiki na jama'a don kula da lafiyarsu;

- ci gaba da ƙarin matakan don samar da ayyuka a filin likita;

- ɗaukar shirye-shirye da shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don gabatar da sababbin fasahar likita;

- samuwar kyakkyawan hali na al'ummar kasar zuwa dukan tsarin kiwon lafiya.

Mene ne tsarin tsarin bayanai "tsarin kiwon lafiya na yankunan Rasha" ya ba masu amfani da Intanet? Binciken da dama, labarai da kuma abubuwan da aka sanya su a kan tashar ta hanyar hukumomin gwamnati.