Alama, Prince of Kiev: biography da tarihi shaida

Prince Kyi - almara kafa birnin Kiev, wanda ta ƙarni zama da cibiyar da Old Rasha jihar. Amma gaskiyar wannan mutum ke tafiya mai yawa shawara: wasu masana tarihi yi imani da aikinsa shi ne cikakken almara, wasu suna da'awar cewa labari iya samun karkashin wani tushe na real-duniya events. Saboda haka wanda ya Prince Kyi? Biography, daban-daban versions ransa, kazalika da fassarar zai zama batun mu tattaunawa.

Evidence na "Tale of bygone Years"

A farko tushen, wanda ya kamata a ambata a cikin search for gaskiya, wanda shi ma ya kafa na Kiev Prince Kyi, a labarinsa "The Tale of bygone Years".

Kamar yadda labarinsa data, 'yan'uwa Kyi, kunci da Horeb, da' yar'uwarsu Lybid kyau fadamun mallakar kabilar. Kumatunta zauna a kan dutsen, wanda aka kira a nan gaba Schekovitsey da Horeb - a kan wani tsauni, da ake kira Horivitsy. A girmama na kogin, wanda gudana a cikin Dnieper River Lybid an mai suna. 'Yan'uwa uku, kuma yana da' yar'uwa kafa birni, wanda aka mai suna babba daga cikinsu da aka bai wa sunan Kiev.

A lokaci guda, da tarihin ba wani version kafa na birnin, bisa ga abin da alama - ba wani sarkin, amma mai sauki m fadin Dnieper. Saboda haka, wannan yanki ya zama sananne a matsayin "sufuri na Kiev." A nan gaba, da sunan makale da kuma tushen a cikin wadannan wurare a cikin birnin. Amma da tarihin kansa ya karyata wannan version, cewa Kyi ziyarci Konstantinoful (Byzantine babban birnin kasar, Konstantinoful) da aka samu ta hanyar da Sarkin sarakuna, da kuma wani sauki m yi haka iya ba, don haka ya fili - Prince.

Bugu da ari, a cikin labarinsa ya ce, za a mayar, Prince Kyi harsãshinsa a kan bankunan na Danube wani karamin gari, wanda ya yanke shawarar ya kwanta. Amma da yan unguwa sun ƙi baki, kuma dõmin waɗanda ya koma zuwa ƙasarsa ta gaba daga cikin Dnieper a Kiev. Duk da haka, a kan Danube bar shiri, wanda aka kira Kievets. Alama, da 'yan'uwansa, da' yar'uwarsu mutu ya kafa birnin Kiev.

Yana da wannan labari na Prince Kieu ne mafi iko.

Version Novgorod Chronicle

Novgorod Chronicle ne mai ci gaba "The Tale of bygone Years". Duk da haka, a fili ya furta cewa alama ba wani sarkin, wato m. Akwai ma ya ruwaito cewa ya kasance a Fisher na dabbobi.

Wannan labarinsa ma ta ɗaure su da wani takamaiman aiki Kiya lokaci - 854 shekara. Amma mafi masana tarihi yi imani da cewa idan ya wanzu, ya rayu da yawa a baya. Bayan duk, shi dai itace cewa kawai shekaru 28 daga baya Kiev kãma Novgorod gwamnan Oleg. Prince Kyi ya kafa Kiev ba daga baya fiye ƙarshen Sabunta karni. Saboda haka, a cikin wani hali, sanannun Soviet tarihi Mihail Nikolaevich Tihomirov.

Yaren mutanen Poland labarinsa na Yana Dlugosha

The alama an ambaci ba kawai a cikin gida tarihin, amma kuma a wasu ƙasashe na kafofin. Alal misali, akwai wani ambaci shi a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland Chronicle na XV karni Yana Dlugosha. Duk da haka, Dlugosz, ambata Kieu dogara da farko a kan duk wannan Rasha tarihin, muka yi magana, game da sama, sabõda haka, da sakon ne sakandare.

Saboda haka yadda aka gabatar a cikin labarinsa na alama? Prince ambata kawai saboda gaskiyar cewa suna m na daular Qing, wanda ya mulki a Kiev har da 'yan'uwa Askold da Dir. Amma da "Tale of bygone Years," in ji karshen ne ba zuriyar Kyi da Vikings. Haka kuma, Arab tarihin da wasu zamani masana tarihi kullum m cewa Askold da Dir iya shirya a lokaci guda, idan aka duba su zama mahaifi da dansa, ko ba a duk alaka da juna mutane.

Armenian fassarar

A Armenia, akwai kuma wani labari cewa ba kawai resonates tare da sakon na "The Tale of bygone Years", amma ko da aiki tare da m sunayen. Ta zo mana ta hanyar da "Tarihin Taron 'Zenobia Gluck (kamar VI-Sabunta karni.). The labari ya gaya na 'yan'uwa biyu, wanda aka tilasta gudu gidajensu a Armenia. A gida sarki a farko sun koka da ya ba da nata, amma a shekaru 15 da aka kashe, da dukiya ba su da 'ya'ya maza - Kuar, Meltem da Horeanu. Kowace daga cikin 'yan'uwa ya kafa birni kuma ya kira shi da sunan kansa. Tsakanin ƙauyuka suka kafa wani arna haikali.

Sunayen da 'yan'uwa da kuma Kuar Horean saukin gane Kyi kuma Horeb. A garin sunan ne m Kuar Kiev. Amma abin da game da Melteem? Gaskiyar cewa sunan da aka fassara daga Armenian matsayin "macizai." A translation daga Tsohon Slavonic sunan yana kumatunta.

Amma dangane da mu'amala tsakanin Armenian da Slavic Legends? Akwai version cewa su raba wani tsoho Indo-Turai labari. Har ila yau, yana ba da shawara cewa kasashen biyu sun soma shi daga Scythians.

archaeological data

Ta yaya za a iya wadannan bayanai suna idan aka kwatanta da tãtsũniyõyin na ainihi kayan data samu a sakamakon archaeological tono? Bayan duk, kawai wani labari, ya tabbatar da ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi, za a iya sa da'awar zuwa historicity.

Duk da haka, akwai archaeological shaida na nuna kasancewar wani shiri a kan site na zamani Kiev a cikin marigayi V karni BC. e. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1982, yanaye hukumance bikin 1500 shekaru da kafa Kiev. A kwanciya da shiri da shi ne a kan iyakar a lokaci guda uku archaeological al'adu: kolochinskoy Penkovsky da Prague-korchakskoy. All uku al'adu kungiyoyin, mafi masana kimiyya siffantãwa da Slavic kabilu. Ko a baya, daga II zuwa V karni a shafin na nan gaba na Ukraine babban birnin Kiev al'ada aka located. Yana da wani kai tsaye magaji na kolochinskaya al'ada a tsare sama, da kuma precursor - Zarubintsy.

Amma archaeologists sun samu ne kawai ya rage daga cikin saba Slavic shiri V karni. Babu abin da cikakken fledged gari tare da m yawan to, shi ya ba. An kawai fara daga Sabunta karni, shi ne hadari a ce cewa a cikin site na Kiev akwai wani cikakken fledged birni da kufaifan kuma da birane salon, ba shakka, gyara domin shekaru. A wannan lokaci, daga Sabunta zuwa X karni, a wannan wuri, da kuma al'ada rarraba Volyntsevo rusunar raykovetskaya. Volyntsevo al'ada mafi yawa ana hade tare da Slavic kabilan 'yan Arewa, wanda ya kasance a tsakiyar Chernigov. Luka-raykovetskaya al'adu ne magaji korchak al'adu, da kuma iya hade da kabilu na filayen da cewa a zahiri kafa Kyiv, bisa ga ka'idar yarda da mafi tarihi. Ya kamata a lura da cewa wakilan Volyntsevo fice al'adun su da makwabta zuwa yamma.

A 1908, sanannen tarihi Hvoyka V. V. a Old Kiev Hill hadaddun aka gano, wanda ya fassara a matsayin wani kafiri. Bagaden Prince Kyi. Ya yiwu wannan samu Dates baya Sabunta-X ƙarni. Duk da haka, daga baya sakamakon binciken Chvojka game da manufar da gina wasu daga cikin masana da aka kira a cikin tambaya.

The search for gaskiya a cikin Byzantine kafofin

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, a "The Tale of bygone Years", a Konstantinoful shi ne alama. The Prince aka samu ta Byzantine sarki. Saboda haka, idan ba ƙiren ƙarya da tarihin ko kawai wani labari, wannan al'amari zai zama mai kyau ƙugiya, don gano wanda yake alama kuma a wane lokaci ne ya rayu.

Wasu na da masana tarihi sun ma yi kokarin danganta taron tare da sakon na Byzantine Nikifor Grigoriev, wanda ya rayu a cikin XIII-XIV ƙarni. A cewar shi, a zamanin mulkin Roman Sarkin sarakuna Konstantina Velikogo a IV karni, suka zo wurinsa a Konstantinoful shugabanni na kasashe daban-daban. "Sarauta Rasha" da aka ma suna cikinsu. Ya kamata a lura da cewa sadarwa a tsakiyar zamanai gane quite tsanani. A daya daga cikin tarihin XVIII karni a kan tushen da wannan shaida, Byzantine, aka kayyade tushe shekara a Kiev - 334 bayan Almasihu.

Amma a mafi m m shaidar Nikifor Grigoriev bai tsaya har zuwa aikita. A zamanin mulkin Konstantina Velikogo na Rasha kasance ba iya ba, da kuma Slavs aka watsar da jĩkõki, ba a hade kama ko da a cikin Amirka. Domin da farko lokacin da Kalmar "Rasha" ya bayyana ne kawai a cikin IX karni, cewa shi ne, shekara ɗari biyar. Bugu da kari, wannan taron da aka ambata ba a ko'ina kuma, da ya, Nikifor Gregory ya rayu shekaru 1000 bayan abubuwan da suka faru da aka bayyana. Ne wata ila don jaddada girman Konstantina Velikogo, ya rubuta wannan sakon a kan ofishin jakadancin to sa sunan Nikifor zamani jihohi.

More idon basira ne ƙoƙari mahaɗi a kafa Kiev jirgi tare da lokaci na Justinian I. A sa'an nan, akwai wani mutum, wanda za a iya hade alama. Prince tafiya zuwa Konstantinoful. Zai yiwu shi ya soja yaƙin neman zaɓe, wanda sau da yawa sanya a lokacin da Slavic Union Antes. Daya daga cikinsu, Chilbudius da aka ma nada sarki gwamnan lardin Thrace. Wasu zamani masana kimiyya kokarin daidaita Chilbudius da Kiya. A zahiri a cikin "Tale of bygone Years" na nuna cewa alama "babban daraja samu daga wurin sarki." The kalmar "girma" a matsayin miƙa mulki ga sabis nufi ga tsoho Slavs. Saboda haka alama iya da kyau bauta tare da Justinian kamar yadda federates ko rike da ofishin a Byzantine sojojin, kamar yadda Chilbudius. Bugu da kari, a cikin Byzantine kafofin ba da uba sunan Chilbudius - Samvatas. Wannan shi ma daya daga cikin sunayen Kiev.

Tarihi Chilbudius aka kashe a 533 a wani yaƙi tare da daya daga cikin Slavic kabilu.

Wani version abõkan tãrayya Kiya tare da shugaban na Bulgarians Kubera, wanda ya rayu a farkon rabin VII karni.

Khazar version

Akwai kuma wani jarrabawa da cewa alama - Kiev Prince - yana Khazar ko Magyar asalin. Wannan ce ta fara kirkiro da sanannun tarihi Vernadskiy G. V. Ya yi imani da cewa Kiev da aka kafa gwada da marigayi, ba har 830 shekara. Haka ya faru a lokacin da ya yi iyaka da Khazar ikon zai ci gaba da Dnieper. A cewar wannan version Kyi, kunci da Horeb sun ko dai Khazars, ko shugabannin Magyar kabilu a sabis na Khazars.

Sunan "alama" Vernadsky asali daga Turkish kalmar cewa yana nufin kogin. Bugu da kari, da Byzantine Sarkin sarakuna Konstantin Bagryanorodny kira Samvatas Kiev, da kuma bisa ga masana ilimin harsuna, da wuri-sunan yana da wani Khazar asalin.

A lokacin da

To, a lõkacin da ya rayu alama-Prince? Shekaru na mulkinsa ba daidai kira wani. Ko da shekaru a wanda ya mulki, idan akwai a gaskiya da wuya sosai don kira. Amma yana yiwuwa ya fayyace wasu daga cikin lokaci firam.

A cewar daban-daban da shaidunka, da fassarori Kyi zauna a wani sashe daga IV zuwa IX karni. Duk da haka, idan kun ƙaryata mafi muni, wãtau da wuya, misali, to, shaidar Nikifora Grigora, mun sami lokaci tazara daga VI zuwa Sabunta karni.

karshe na masana kimiyya

Mafi zamani malaman yi ĩmãni da ainihi na Kia cikakken almara. Sunansa da suka ayyana a matsayin eponym. Wannan shi ne labari game da Kiy, bisa ga ilimi da bincike, mu fito da domin ya ba da wani bayani na gari sunan, asalin wanda aka manta.

Amma har yanzu ba na so in yi imani a cikin irin wannan m da banal bayani, saboda labari ne yafi ban sha'awa.

Alama a zamani al'ada

A halin yanzu McDermott ne dauke da majiɓinci, saint na babban birnin kasar Ukraine. Monument zuwa cikin wadanda suka kafa Kiev Kyi, kunci, Horeb, kuma Lybid da aka kafa a shekarar 1982 don bikin da 1500th ranar tunawa da kafa daga birnin.

littafin "Prince Kyi" da aka rubuta a 1980. Yana da aka rubuta ta hanyar Ukrainian marubuci Vladimir Malik.

Kiy: tarihi da labari

A labari na Prince Kieu yana da wuya ka raba da real labarin da labari. Bugu da ƙari, mafi masana tarihi yi imani da cewa wannan gwamnan ya taba kasancewa ba.

Duk da haka, Kiev birni tushe ko da yaushe za su ci gaba da nasaba a cikin zukatan mutane da yawa alama - Prince, wanda sunansa ya zama wani labari.