Relativistic barbashi taro

A 1905, Albert Einstein wallafa ka'idar dangantakar, wanda aka dan kadan canja ra'ayin da kimiyya na duniya. Bisa ya zato dabara relativistic taro da aka samu.

Musamman ka'idar dangantakar

A dukan jigon ya ta'allaka ne da cewa a cikin tsarin motsi zumunta ga juna, duk wani da dama matakai faru a hanyoyi daban-daban. Musamman, shi ne aka bayyana, misali, wata karuwa a nauyi tare da kara gudu. Idan gudu daga motsi na tsarin ne da yawa kasa fiye da gudu daga haske (υ << c = 3 × 10 ^8), wadannan canje-canje suna kusan ba zai zama m, tun da suka zai ayan sifili. Duk da haka, idan abin hawa gudun kusa gudun haske (msl, daidai to daya cikin goma shi), to waɗannan dalilai kamar nauyi, tsawon da kuma lokacin da wani tsari canji. Da taimakon wadannan dabarbari iya lissafta wadannan dabi'u a cikin wani motsi firam na reference, ciki har da - da taro na wani relativistic barbashi.

Ina l _0, m ₀ kuma t ₀ - tsawon na jiki, da taro da kuma aiwatar a da keken tsarin, da kuma υ - gudun da abu.

A cewar Einstein ka'idar, babu wani daga cikin jiki ba zai iya isa mafi girma gudu fiye da gudun haske.

sauran taro

Q relativistic barbashi sauran taro na faruwa wato a dangantakar ka'idar, lokacin da jiki nauyi ko barbashi fara canza dangane da gudun. Haka kuma, da sauran taro kira jiki nauyi, wadda aka dauke a cikin lokaci na ji a sauran (in babu motsi), Ina nufin ta gudu ne sifili.

Relativistic jiki nauyi ne daya daga cikin manyan sigogi a cikin bayanin motsi.

daidai da manufa

Bayan bayyanar Einstein ka'idar bukatar wasu bita amfani ga dama ƙarni Newtonian makanikai, wanda ba za a iya amfani da lokacin da la'akari da reference Frames, motsi a gudun m zuwa gudun haske. Saboda haka, duk da ta dauki canza tsauri lissafai amfani da Lorentz canji - canza jikin daidaituwa ko wani batu da kuma lokacin aiwatar da mi} a mulki tsakanin inertial reference tsarin. Description of data canji kahu a kan gaskiyar cewa a cikin kowane inertial frame duk dokokin kimiyyar lissafi aiki daidai da adalci. Saboda haka, ka'idar yanayin ne ba a kowace hanya dogara ne a kan ya zabi na reference tsarin.

Daga cikin Lorentz canji coefficient da shi ne aka bayyana ta da asali relativistic makanikai, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, kuma suna da wasika α.

Ka'idar daidai da ne mai sauki isa - ya ce, wani sabon ka'idar a wani musamman musamman hali zai bayar da wannan sakamakon a matsayin gabata daya. Musamman, a relativistic makanikai da shi da aka nuna da cewa a gudu da suke da yawa m fiye gudun haske, da dokokin gargajiya makanikai ana amfani.

relativistic barbashi

Relativistic barbashi aka kira wani barbashi cewa motsa a gudun m zuwa gudun haske. Su motsi, an bayyana ta musamman dangantakar. Akwai ma wani rukuni na barbashi wanda kuma wanzuwarsa ne kawai zai yiwu yayin tuki a gudun haske - wadannan suna kira da barbashi ba tare da taro ko kawai massless, tun da sauran taro ne sifili, saboda haka shi ne na musamman barbashi cewa ba su da wani irin zabin a cikin wadanda ba relativistic, na gargajiya makanikai .

Wancan ne, da taro na wani relativistic barbashi na sauran iya zama sifili.

Barbashi za a iya kira relativistic idan ta sanadin motsi makamashi zai iya zama daidai da makamashi wanda aka bayyana da wadannan dabara.

Wannan dabara da kayyade yanayin da ake bukata gudun.

A samar da makamashi daga cikin barbashi kuma iya zama fiye da ta sauran makamashi - wadannan suna kira ultrarelativistic.

Don bayyana da motsi irin barbashi amfani da jimla makanikai da kuma jimla kullum filin ka'idar ga mafi m description.

bayyanar

Irin wannan barbashi (relativistic da matsananci-relativistic) wanzu a cikin halitta nau'i ne kawai a cosmic radiation, cewa shi ne radiation, tushen abin shi ne a waje Duniya ta electromagnetic yanayi. Man, aka halitta su artificially a musamman accelerators - yin amfani da su a matsayin 'yan dozin iri na barbashi aka samu, da kuma wannan jerin ne kullum updated. Irin wannan saitin ne, misali, da Manyan Hadron Collider, wanda shi ne a Switzerland.

Kunno kai tare da β-lalace electrons iya, wani lokacin kai wani isasshen gudun domin sanya musu wani aji na relativistic. Relativistic electron taro kuma za a iya samu a wadannan dabarbari.

A ra'ayi na taro

Weight Newtonian makanikai yana da dama nauyin Properties:

• A gravitational janye daga jikin taso saboda da nauyi, wato, kai tsaye dogara a kan shi.
• Jiki nauyi ba ya dogara ne a kan ya zabi na reference tsarin da kuma ba ya canza lokacin da ta canji.
• inertia na wani jiki ne auna ta da nauyi.
• Idan jiki da aka adana a wani tsarin a cikin abin da babu matakai ba faruwa da kuma wanda yake rufe, taro zai zama kusan babu canji (ba domin yadawa canja wuri wanda a daskararru ne sosai m).
• Hadedde jiki taro kunshi da taro na ta mutum sassa.

Ka'idar Dangantakar

• Galileo ta qa'ida ta Dangantakar.

Wannan ka'ida da aka tsara don ba relativistic makanikai, da aka bayyana kamar haka: ko da kuwa ko da tsarin ne a sauran, ko su yi wani motsi, duk matakai a su ci gaba da wannan hanya.

• Einstein ta qa'ida ta Dangantakar.

Wannan manufa ta dogara ne a kan dokoki biyu:

1. Bagalile dangantakar manufa da ake amfani a wannan harka. Wannan shi ne, kowa da cikakken duk da dokokin da yanayi aiki da wannan hanya.
2. Gudun haske ko da yaushe da kuma cikakken a duk reference Frames ne guda, ko da gudun yunkuri na haske Madogararsa da allo (haske mai karɓar). Don tabbatar da wannan al'amari, wani yawan gwaje-gwajen, wanda gaba daya ya tabbatar da sa hannu zato.

A taro a relativistic da Newtonian makanikai

• A bambanci ga Newtonian makanikai, a cikin relativistic taro ka'idar ba zai iya zama wani ma'auni na adadin kayan. Kuma lalle ne, haƙĩƙa relativistic taro ne m wani mafi m hanya, ya bar shi yiwuwa a bayyana, misali, kasancewar barbashi ba tare da taro. A relativistic makanikai, mayar da hankali a kan samar da makamashi maimakon taro - da cewa shi ne babban determinant na wani jiki ne, ko na farko barbashi, shi ne samar da makamashi ko da lokacinta. Turu shi ne zai yiwu a sami wadannan dabara.

• Duk da haka, da sauran taro na barbashi ne mai matukar muhimmanci alama - da darajar ne sosai kananan da kuma yawan m, don haka su dace da ma'aunai da matsakaicin daidaito da kuma gudun. Energy barbashi sauran za a iya samu ta hanyar da wadannan dabara.

• Hakazalika Newton theories a wani zama ruwan dare tsarin nauyi ne m, Ina nufin, ba ya canja tare da lokaci. Har ila yau, shi ba ya canza da kuma mulki daga CO zuwa wani.
• Akwai babu albarkacin awo na inertia na motsi jiki.
• A relativistic taro na wani motsi jiki ne ba m da rinjayar gravitational sojojin a kan shi.
• Idan jiki nauyi ne ya daidaita da sifili, shi zai yi don motsawa a gudun haske. A baya ba gaskiya ba ne - gudun haske iya isa ba kawai massless barbashi.
• A total makamashi na relativistic barbashi ne zai yiwu ta amfani da wadannan magana:

A yanayi na taro

Har kwanan nan, kimiyya da aka yi tsammani cewa, taro na wani barbashi ne ya sa ta electromagnetic yanayi, amma a kwanan da ya zama sananne cewa a cikin wannan hanya, yana yiwuwa ya bayyana ne kawai karamin sashi na shi - shi ne babban taimako zo daga yanayin da karfi hulda, tasowa daga gluons. Duk da haka, wannan hanya ba za a iya bayyana ta da taro na dozin gaɓũɓuwa, da yanayin da ya ba tukuna aka daki-daki.

Relativistic taro karuwa

A sakamakon duk theorems da kuma dokokin da aka bayyana a sama za a iya bayyana a fili isa, ko da yake, da kuma ban mamaki tsari. Idan jiki daya ne motsi zumunta da juna tare da wani gudu, ta sigogi da mutane a ciki, idan asali jiki ne mai tsarin canji. Hakika, a low gudu shi ne kusan ba zai zama m, amma sakamako zai kasance har yanzu ba.

Daya zai iya buga wani m misali - wani nassi na lokaci a wata dabba ba a kanta a 60 km / h jirgin kasa. Sa'an nan da wadannan dabara da aka lasafta coefficient na bambancin da sigogi.

Wannan dabara da aka ma aka bayyana a sama. Musanya duk data a shi (idan c ≈ 1 x 10 ⁹ km / h) tare da wadannan sakamakon:

Babu shakka, da canji ne musamman kananan da kuma bã Ya canja kwaikwayon na sa'o'i haka abin yake a bayyane.