Passiflora edible: Features na namo da kuma hotuna

Passionflower ne mai iyali passifloraceae da ma'aikata fiye da 500 jinsunan, daya daga wanda yake shi ne edible passionflower - dogon Evergreen itacen inabi da kyau sosai na asali launi, samun a Rasha laƙabi "Cavaliers star" saboda waje kama da Order.

Tarihi na samu na flower

Gida mafi iri so 'ya'yan - da kuma kadan bincika wurare masu zafi da gandun daji na kudancin Amurka, da kuma wasu iri na furanni da ake samu a kasashen Asiya da Madagascar. Turai ta zama matsahi na saba da wannan shuka kawai bayan ci na New World.

Flower passionflower yana da wani hadadden da asali tsarin - saman petals ne "kambi", kunsha na dogon Sikeli, ga wanda akwai manyan stamens. Har ma mafi girma shi ne pistil stigma da kuma 3 (ga. The photo Passiflora edible). Saboda wannan bayyanar da mishaneri wanda ya zo Amirka, da kuma cocin Katolika dauke da flower kambi na ƙaya Almasihu da kuma haramta karatu da shi. A farko bayanin Passiflora an yi ne kawai a cikin karni na ashirin.

nazarin halittu description

Wannan perennial shuka iya girma har zuwa 3-4 mita a tsawon, shi ya ba da wani sosai tsawon harbe, tendrils clinging amfani ga goyon baya. A ganye ne babba, da ya kunshi 3-5 lobes. A 'ya'yan itace na so' ya'yan itace ne m Berry-seeded, duk edible jinsunan Passiflora daga can zuwa 60, da yawa daga cikinsu ko da girma kamar yadda 'ya'yan shuke-shuke.

A mafi shahara da kuma rare edible irin so da 'ya'yan itace:

• Passionfruit.
• Granadilla.
• Maestro.
• Galaxy et al.

Abun ciki da kuma kula da tsire-tsire

Edible passionflower (ko so 'ya'yan) yana nufin girma inabõbi, wanda za a iya dasa a bude ƙasa, kuma a cikin yanayi na cikin gida. Babban yanayin ga nasara girma - isasshen lighting, don haka shi ba zai iya girma a cikin inuwa, ko a karkashin nauyi itace alfarwa.

Ganiya zazzabi for girma: 18 + ... + 24? C, a wata mafi girma ganye fara juya rawaya da bushe, rage-rage yawan buds, zai yiwu mutuwa da shuka. A cikin hunturu dormant zamani, shi kiyaye a +12 ... + 18? C.

Ƙasa amfani ga Passiflora hur, breathable da kyau, ga abin da shi ne kara yashi ko peat.

Flower bukatar m watering a lokacin da girma da kuma flowering (daga spring zuwa marigayi kaka), kasar gona ya kamata ko da yaushe a dan kadan m, a lokacin rani shayar da duk sauran rana.
A cikin hunturu dormant lokaci watering da aka yi sau ɗaya a mako ko ma kasa sau da yawa. Passion wuya a kan iska zafi a lokacin rani da shi dole ne sau da yawa a fesa, haka ba shi yiwuwa a hasken rana haskoki ta hanyar da saukad ƙone ganye.

Barbarar shuke-shuke suna yin sau biyu a wata, ta amfani da wani hadadden ma'adinai cakuda. Za ka iya amfani da wani ruwa taki domin furanni, amma diluted a cikin rabin.

Passion ba zai iya jure zayyana, amma likes m airing. Lokacin da dasa kamata ya yi la'akari da kasancewar backwater a kan wanda inabi to girma. A shuka dole ne akai-akai yanke, musamman bayan flowering harbe, wanda ake yanke gaba daya. Spring zai sa a yi pruning 1/3 tsawon t. Don. A furanni za a sanya kawai a kan sabo harbe.

Sake bugun daga jaraba 'ya'yan cuttings

Edible passionflower za a iya karbe a hanyoyi da dama, mafi sauki na wanda - tare da taimakon grafting. Apical cuttings da ciwon koda bazara yanke wa wani tsawon 10 cm, sa'an nan kafe a cikin ƙasa a cikin wani dumi dakin (20 + ... + 25? C). Ga shiri na ƙasa cakuda dauki saukowa ƙasa takardar rabo 3, 2 - humus, 2 - Turf, 1 - yashi.

Nan da nan kafin dasa bi da kornevinom, sa'an nan da tukunyar aka rufe da cuttings film for 1 watan, cuttings an kafe. Cuttings za a iya sa a ruwa, ya kara da wani yanki na gawayi domin 1.5-2 watanni. Tushen kamata bayyana, amma ruwan ba za a iya canja.

A lokacin da girma kakar, ka kuma iya yi multiplication gashin baki.

Sake bugun passionflower tsaba

Farfagandar ta amfani da tsaba - a daina aiwatar fiye da tare da cuttings. Bugu da kari, sau da yawa sosai da tsaba germinate talauci saboda da dogon lokacin da ajiya (wani lokacin watanni da dama). Tare da wannan hanya ya kamata ka kiyaye wasu sharudda:

• namo so 'ya'yan edible iri fara a watan Fabrairu.
• potting ƙasa kafin dasa dole ne a disinfected: toya cikin tanda minti 10. a 200? C;
• tsaba sown a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin of 1 cm. A ganga aka sa'an nan ya rufe tare da wani fim ko gilashi, a dakin da zazzabi ya zama 22 + ... + 24? C. Lokacin da na farko ganye bayyana sa tara a cikin mutum tukwane da diamita mafi girma daga 7 cm.
• Passiflora edible tsaba da wuya harsashi, don haka ya yi laushi shi yin scarification - dan kadan Rub su da sandpaper a garesu;
• sa'an nan kiyaye tsaba rana a madara ko ruwan bayani daga Citrus (lemun tsami ko orange).
• kawai sai aka dasa a wani akwati ko peat kofuna.
• yau da kullum bukatar bar iska ta shiga cikin akwati ga abin da fim an cire for 5 min.;
• moistened ƙasa kamar yadda bushewa ta wajen spraying.
• da zaran da harbe, da fim an cire, da kuma cikin akwati dole ne a mayar da su a wani wuri da kyau lighting.

Dasa da kuma flowering passionflower

A inji shi ne wani perennial, shi transplants yi sau daya a shekara a spring lokaci. Lokacin da dasa a kananan shuka a farkon shekara dole ne a rufe don makonni 2 gilashin gilashi. A farkon shekara ta kafa tushen nan gaba passionflower inabõbi, kara babban harbe, yawanci har zuwa 1.5 m. A wannan yanayin, shi dole bukatar goyon baya ga samun wani qafafunku.

Kaka a lokacin da sanyaya yana farawa a kasa 15? C, da shuka dole ne a kawo wani makaman inda yana yiwuwa don kula da zazzabi +13 ... + 16? C. Idan dakin zafi, inabi fara je m da kuma rasa ganye.

Domin na biyu a shekara a spring kamata yi pruning da dogon harbe na bara ta daya-uku da tsawon, ba cewa furanni zai dauki siffar a kan sabo harbe. Passionflower blooms kusan duk lokacin rani kakar daga Yuni zuwa watan Oktoba, amma kowane flower rayuwar kawai 1 rana.

Girma 'ya'yan itace a dakin yanayi ne wuya. Don samun daya, dole ne ka yi wani m na 2 na daya irin, cewa shi ne. Don. Su Cross-pollinated. Saboda daban-daban flowering a wadannan shuke-shuke, pollination iya faruwa. A 'ya'yan itatuwa daban-daban shuka iri yawanci girma a cikin 2-3.5 watanni.

Ka yi la'akari da daban-daban irin edible passionflower.

iri passionflower

Passion 'ya'yan itace ne edible passionflower ko Granadilla (Passiflora edulis) - ya fi na kowa tsari, shi ne gida zuwa Uruguay, Brazil, Argentina. A wani al'ada ke tsiro zuwa 5-8 mita, shi yana da wani Matte uku-lobed ganye. Akwai biyu irin ta: wani rawaya ya'yan itace da kuma Violet. A furanni ne manya-manyan (6-8 cm) na wani haske-shunayya, da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa ne zagaye har zuwa 6 cm. Daga su shirya da kuma yanã shã sweets, kara zuwa shayi.

Passionflower banana ko m (Passiflora mollissima) - a yanayi tsiro a Bolivia, Colombia da kuma Venezuela. Pink furanni up to 12 cm, 'ya'yan itãcen emit mai dadi ƙanshi. Na iri daban-daban banana passionflower mafi sanyi resistant, ya yi 'yã'yan, a shekarar farko.

Passion edible Galaxy - a perennial hawa shuka, inabõbi girma har zuwa 4.5 m tsawon, flower size zuwa 12 cm fari da kuma ruwan hoda. Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne brownish-red, da m ƙanshi.

The most size of ya'yan itace da kuma kara tsawon - Passion tetrahedral (Passiflora quadrangularis) - tsiro har zuwa 15 m, a tsawon, furanni ne ma manyan, diameters har zuwa 15 cm, 'ya'yan manyan m zuwa 30 cm da wani lokacin farin ciki bawo, kuma a ciki - dadi m ɓangaren litattafan almara . A tsakiyar zone irin wannan shuka za a iya girma ne kawai a greenhouse yanayi.

Passiflora edible Maestro - daya daga cikin rare da kuma yadu a yi amfani da Rasha iri, wanda aka samu nasarar amfani da lambu don girma a ɗaka da kuma a waje.

Apple-Passion flower (Passiflora maliformis) ko Passiflora Maliformis -. Mai hawan duwatsu da itace kara tsawon har zuwa 10 m Its 'ya'yan itatuwa da size up to 5 cm, dauke da aromatic zaki da nama da launin toka ko kodadde orange launi da black tsaba. A ɓangaren litattafan almara amfani ga yi na abubuwan sha. Saukowa daga wannan nau'in girma a Brazil da kuma Ekwado ga edible 'ya'yan itace.

Cututtuka da kuma kwari passionflower

Passiflora edible iya fama da wani hari na gizo-gizo mites, aphids, mealybugs da whiteflies. Iya kare da shuka amfani da "fitoverm" ko "Akhtar" don ya hallaka mealybugs amfani da shirye-shirye dauke da cypermethrin ( "Arriva", "Intal sup").

Cututtuka da za su iya barazana da shuka - tushen lalaci, marigayi burtuntuna, zobe da kuma ruwan kasa da tabo, scab, varna, sosai da wuya - yellow mosaic cutar. Warkar da waxannan cututtukan shuke-shuke da wuya aiki, saboda haka ya dole ne a hallaka tare da tukunya.

Magani Properties na so 'ya'yan

Wasu jinsunan passionflower kuma suna da muhimmanci warkewa darajar. A zamanin d Incas amfani da passionflower matsayin magani mai kantad da hankali shayi. Babban curative sakamako Passiflora - wani magani mai kantad da hankali, don inganta ingancin da tsawon barci ba tare da wani illa. A shuka da ake amfani da su bi da juyayi tsarin cututtuka, yana taimaka tare da rashin barci, ciki, epilepsy, da sauransu.

Har ila yau, kwayoyi sanya daga wannan shuka yana antispasmodic, anti-kumburi, anticonvulsant da analgesic sakamako, inganta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, kara ingancinsu da kuma iko. Wani abu na musamman sakamako na Passiflora - diyya mataki na amphetamine - yi amfani da babban rabo mai girma ya warkar da miyagun ƙwayoyi buri da kuma shan barasa.

A mafi muhimmanci cikin sharuddan magani irin - inkarnata Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata), ko apricot, tsiro a cikin wani sosai tsawon inabi har zuwa mita 10 daga haske purple furanni da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa da lemun tsami inuwa size of wani plum, ku ɗanɗani dadi da kuma m .. Ground sassa na shi aka yi magani "passionflower tsantsa", ya calming sakamako, nuna ga cututtuka na juyayi da kuma zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin. A 'ya'yan itatuwa da ban sha'awa sosai wari, kamar da kamshi lilacs.

Amfani da sha'awar ga abinci

A kasar mu da 'ya'yan itatuwa na edible so' ya'yan itace (so 'ya'yan itace da sauran jinsunan) za a iya samu a kari ga yogurt, ice cream ko' ya'yan itace. Very m yanki na 'ya'yan za a iya samu a cakuda da na wurare masu zafi da teas.

A ɓangaren litattafan almara na 'ya'yan itace da kuma dadi dadi, a gida da kuma amfani da shi a cikin danyen form, hadawa da sukari da ruwa kuma domin shiri na ababen hawa, jellies da sherbets. Sau da yawa guda daga cikin 'ya'yan da aka kara wa soya desserts da wuri.

Ga ruwan kuma jam za a iya amfani da a cikin shirye-shiryen da nama da kifi yi jita-jita, da shi ne mafi kyau ta dandana 'ya'yan hade tare da kwayoyi, apples, da kirfa, da pear.

Duk da haka, hankali ya kamata a nuna, tun a wasu jinsunan (msl, Azure passionflower) ya ƙunshi wani karamin yawan cyanide a wasu sauran - .. weaker guba abubuwa cutarwa ga lafiyar dan adam.