Hazelnut "Trebizond": bayanin irin iri-iri, musamman namo, yawan amfanin ƙasa

Babu bukatar ce yawa game da kwayoyi da kuma bayyana dalilin da ya sa hazelnuts haka da amfani ga mutane. Mai kansu san shi. M ingancin hazelnuts an lura mazaunan duniya 'yan ƙarni da suka wuce. Mutane tattara, sarrafa da kuma cin ciyawa, berries, tushen, kwayoyi, yin su da karfi fiye da jiki, da kuma tsarin na rigakafi mafi barga.

Yau wannan al'ada ne rayayye horar da, a yankin namu. Hazelnut "Trebizond" za a iya saya a kantin sayar da wani, ko da yake ingancin kwayoyi su ne tsada.

Yadda girma da kuma kula da tsire-tsire ne da za'ayi kuma idan za ka iya samun wani ingancin amfanin gona na daji gida, yi kokarin fahimtar juna.

Namo hazelnuts a matsayin wani ɓangare na masana'antu aiki

A kasashen Turai da fasaha na namo hazelnuts Stam (itace) ya zo daga Amirka. Wannan hanya da farko a namo, saboda guda-kambi nuna sau da yawa mafi girma yawan amfanin ƙasa fiye da bushy. Wannan shi ne saboda wani m karuwa a yawan amfanin ƙasa rates. An lura da cewa 5-6-shekara itatuwa samar da wani babban isa zuriyar dabbobi tare da wani kwance kambi tsinkaya naúrar.

A shtambovyh goro albarkatu index darajar ƙasar kashi kasa shuka girma, wanda na taimaka wa mechanization na babban ɓangare na aikin, halin mafi girma wuya, da - kwayoyi tsaftacewa, wanda asusun for game da 47% na halin kaka hade da kasuwanci namo kwayoyi.

Hazelnut a kasar

A dukiya ne daidai dace da duk wani irin gona sa da hazelnut "Trebizond" dace namo, ba kawai kudi ne, amma kuma a da dacha. Za ka iya amfani da amfanin da stony kasa, inda aka ba girma kayan lambu (cucumbers da tumatir) ga namo irin goro. Hazelnut iya girma a wuraren da yana da wuya a yankan cikin ƙasa, kuma zuwa ga gudanar da watering da gadaje. Wannan shi ne saboda da peculiarities na shuke-shuke da kuma Botanical halaye. A duk da ciyayi a kan zaran ƙasa, da shuka har yanzu ya nuna wani babban matakin yawan aiki.

A fasaha na namo hazelnuts

Yanzu tattalin arziki yanayi na gudanar da taimako zuwa ga kasuwanci namo hazelnuts. Saboda haka, don inganta samar da yadda ya dace da kwayoyi bukatar yin aiki a kan mayar da hankali kan wadanda matsaloli wanda bayani zai kai ga a tabbace stably high yawan amfanin ƙasa da samfurin quality.

Daga cikin manyan al'amurra na kwayoyi hazelnut namo fasahar "Trebizond" zane siffofi shuke-shuke.

Manuniya kamar da fadi da tsawo na kambi, sanin da ƙarfi. A gudanar da bincike don 24 watanni irin canje-canje faruwa: ƙarar formirovke daji iri hazelnut kambi kira "Trebizond" an karu da 1.35 m ^3, da samuwar itacen - 3,22 m ^3.

Wakilai shtambovoy formirovki "Tree" nuna wani muhimmanci mafi girma karuwa da kambi, wanda ya tabbatar da high processability wata al'ada idan aka kwatanta da iko samfurin.

Namo dauke iri hazelnut daji a cikin nau'i na daban-daban karami karuwa saboda sakaci da kuma tabarbarewar provetrivaemosti kambi daji. An lura da cewa a cikin bushes tare da babban samuwar kututturan, da kwai niƙẽwa aiki, da yawan komai 'ya'ya a sama, da kuma su samuwar aka lura kawai tare da m ɓangare na kambi da hazelnut daji.

Bisa ga wannan da yawa, cewa Manuniya na ci gaba da amfanin irin goro dogara a kan yanayin samuwar kambi da shuka da kuma ta zamani. Canje-canje shtambovyh formirovok shuka tsarin hazelnut "Tree" bayyana a cikin ra'ayi na irin haska sigogi:

• girma a tsawo.
• samuwar kuma canji na kambi.
• kara da diamita daga cikin akwati.
• kara da na halitta damar shuka.

Darajar tattalin arziki na hazelnut sa bisa ga inji analysis, wanda sun hada da:

• da yawan core nauyi zuwa ga nauyi da duk hazelnut irin goro;
• Kisa core.
• shrinkage (yawan).

Domin da sosai touted 'ya'yan itãcen marmari hada da kwayoyi bakin ciki-shelled, manyan a size, tare da dandano mai kyau da kuma uniform launi.

Shuka saukowa hanya

Kafin tona rami, shirya da akayi saukowa site hazelnut "Trapezund". Reviews lambu tabbatar da cewa idan da shuka don samar da kyau kula da sharadi gwargwado, yawan amfanin ƙasa ne ya karu da sau da yawa, ko da yake ba tare da lafiya gyada 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Duniya yankan ko tono zuwa zurfin 40 santimita. Shi ya dace don zurfafa daga matsakaicin maida hankali ƙasa danshi, oxygen, da inganta harkokin mafi kyau duka jeri na tushen tsarin. By da spring dasa shirya don fada da mataimakin versa. Kaka dasa an dauki mafi m, saboda a lokacin rani ƙasa Stores mafi isasshen adadin danshi da cewa ya inganta overwintering m goge.

Muhimmanci! Ka tuna kasa matalauta a humus, shi wajibi ne don yankan dukan Layer zurfi, ƙara 10 cm daga ƙasa loosening.

Mafi m dasa makircinsu: 4x5 / 4x6 / 5x6 / 6x6. saukowa dabara dogara a kan ƙasa da irin, saboda da m ƙasar, da girma da ƙarfi daga cikin daji da wuri ya mamaye. Gargajiya Feel fit soket: 5-7 bushes shirya a wani da'irar, diamita na 1.5 m, kuma a 6x6 juna. Kafin sako na tushen tsarin na seedlings da ƙananan rabo na ganga a cikin m, duk tushen matakai wasu fiye da cibiyar da aka cire don samar da wani daji girma a daya ganga, kuma m sako Tushen a cikin ƙasa.

Features hazelnut dasa

A ganiya lokacin da saukowa - kaka. A watan Nuwamba, lokacin da ƙasa ne isa da za a ciyar da tare da ma'adanai, shi ne mafi kyau shuka da seedlings. Wannan zai tabbatar da cewa da shuka danniya haƙuri a hunturu.

Kafin dasa, takin ƙasar. A cakuda da aka shirya daga:

• taki - 250 kg.
• phosphorus-potassium da takin mai magani - 500 g

Rabbai tare da saman miya taki lissafi ga 1 saƙa ƙasar. Bugu da ƙari, kafin dasa tsire-tsire a cikin kowane daga cikin rijiyoyin da aka zuba a kan 5 kilogiram na taki.

70x70 lokacin da rami ake haƙa a gaba kaka dasa: kamar 6 makonni kafin dasa.

Better a lokacin da aiwatar da gudu mutane biyu: na farko da alaka da jeri da kuma compaction na duniya a cikin rami, da sauran m barci shi.

Bayan dasa, seedlings daga kowane hazelnut trimmed, ya bar kawai 20 cm daga ƙasa matakin.

Bayan da faduwa shuke-shuke bi mãkirci jihar inda girma matasa seedlings: gona dole ne su kasance da tsabta da kuma free of weeds, kada ku manta da tsare loosening kasar gona a kusa da dasa rami ta 7-9 cm, kuma fluff ƙasar diamita kamata ba ƙetare girma daga cikin daji.

Hazelnut - monoecious shuka, saboda da shi sa kamar wata iri vzaimoopylyaemyh kusa hazelnuts "Trebizond." Hure gabatar sa Cosford da sauransu. A girbi ba zai m, idan ba su yi la'akari da irin wannan alama. Lokacin da ya kamata gudanar da saukowa hanya giciye-pollinated da 1 hekta ba 500 kg na kwayoyi.

Amfanin gona

A abũbuwan amfãni shtambovoy al'adu cewa shi ne hazelnut "Trabzon", sun hada da:

1. Matsakaicin yawan raka'a seedlings a kan daya murabba'in mita.
2. High rates na mai abun ciki (up 2%) da kuma sunadarai (2-6% fi girma) fiye da na gargajiya makirci na namo.
3. Ulla Stam damar samun 'ya'yan itace da mafi taro don 0,50 grams, fiye da a cikin iko (daji).
4. Ulla Stam damar samun 'ya'yan amfanin ƙasa kernels a 2.5-10% fi da cewa da sarƙaƙƙiya.
5. Stam form, da bambanci ga daji farawa fruiting a 1-2 shekaru a baya.
6. Tare da ƙwazo girma a cikin yanayi na musamman microclimate shuke-shuke zama mafi juriya ga danniya.
7. Kwatanta da daji siffar, lura cewa yawan aiki shtambovyh girma al'adu game da 80% fi daji plantations.
8. The yiwuwar inji girbi kwayoyi.
9. Tun da farko ripening: a mako maimakon a daji form.

Yadda za a kula da tsire-tsire?

A amfani da girma amfanin gona na hazelnuts a cewa na duk aka sani da cututtuka da kuma karin kwari, babu wanda zai iya samun wani abu illa sakamako a kan shuka. Duk da irin juriya, hakuri zuwa weathering da ƙasa fastidiousness, barka da prophylactic jiyya, misali, a kan goro Barbel kuma decimated daji kambi da pruning da harbe lalace. Sosai matsahi na saba da dokokin kula hazelnuts "Trapezund" namo da kuma ajiya halaye na kwayoyi.

watering hazelnut

Hazelnut - danshi-m al'adu. Excellent ji a lokacin da girma a cikin kogin floodplains. Q wani shãmaki kawai warware ta hakowa, idan shafin da aka located nisa daga ruwa jiki ko installing ganguna da ruwa zuwa drip ban ruwa plantation.

Shuke-shuke, ƙeta danshi da ruwa, ayan ba matalauta girbi. Kawai a cikin warmer yankunan batun asarar game da 1 m na ruwan sama a shekara, da shuka zai iya faranta haihuwa ba tare da bukatar tsanaki watering. Amma wannan mulki ba su shafi hazelnut "Arewa". Wannan goro da aka maida shi musamman domin girma a cikin sanyi canjin yanayin. Wani lokaci, ko da idan karba-karba da kuma sauyin yanayi gamu da, ainihin kudi na hazo - shi ne ba a sani ba.

Saboda masana bayar da shawarar da a cikin ta farko da shekara uku na rayuwa don gudanar da tsanaki seedlings kaka watering shuke-shuke, sakewa game da 300 lita na ruwa ga kowane daga cikin bushes na hazelnut "Trebizond." Description of iri-iri damu shuka, ko kuma wajen, wani Botanical reference, za ta taimaka ƙayyade da matsayin da siffofin namo watering goro. Idan girma yanayi ne ba ma m, kuma ƙasa kafin m dabaru amfani ga sauran shuke-shuke, kuma ba ya shirya, odes kundin karu zuwa 1000 lita, kuma a cikin fruiting lokaci - har zuwa 1500 lita.

watering lokaci: Yabo

Ban ruwa kudi da aka gyara dangane da adadin hazo, da kuma ƙasa danshi. Overall ware 5 babban lokaci:

1. A farko da farkon na biyu shekaru goma na Mayu.
2. A farko makonni biyu da Yuni don ciyar shrubs a cikin rani zafi.
3. A farkon rabin Yuli.
4. A farko da na biyu shekaru goma na watan Agusta.
5. A karshen Oktoba - farkon Nuwamba shirya domin hunturu.

Watering a farkon spring - ma'ana, tun flowering da kuma ci gaban zamani, hazelnut "Trebizond" ya auku a baya, fiye da sauran shuke-shuke. A 4 shekara rai na bushes, watering biyu. A lokacin aiki da takin gargajiya da shawarar a gudanar da wani ban ruwa a cikin juz'i na 1.5 m ³ a daji hazelnuts.

Muhimmanci! Idan dasa tsakanin layuka na perennial ciyawa, ban ruwa kundin ninki biyu.

pruning shuke-shuke

Pruning an dauki daya daga cikin key lokacin a cikin noma raya hazelnuts, kyale ka don daidaita girma, ci gaba da kuma fruiting, shuka rai, kwanakin da shigarwa cikin fruiting, shuka amfanin ƙasa, goro quality. Har ila yau, wannan tsari ne da alhakin wannan physiological halaye na shuke-shuke, da karuwa a hunturu hardiness, da juriya ga wasu kwari da cututtuka. Amfani da irin wannan kayan aiki namo, masana iya kusanci ko jinkirta lokaci na flowering a spring, don sarrafa shoot girma lokaci.

A dukkan lokuta, namo na amfanin gona ne guda manufa. A tsari ne ya sanya haske sparse kambi tare da a kalla oxygen da kuma hasken da stimulates da girma da kuma ilimi na matasa harbe da kuma rassan tare da 'ya'yan buds, rufe da asali kwarangwal sashe.

Bayan faduwa da seedlings, cuttings nuna a farko, to, wanda baya samar da gaba shtamb lambu.

taki

Dasa shuke-shuke, yin ma'adinai takin, kunsha na 150 g superphosphate da kuma 50 g na potassium gishiri da Bugu da kari na 5 kilogiram na humus a kowane rami.

A cikin bazara, lokacin da 'ya'yan itatuwa za a lazimta (a watan Yuni), da tsire-tsire masu Fed urea maida hankali zuwa 0.5%.

mulching

Bishiya mulching ne da za'ayi a liyafar na Agronomy, samar da shuke-shuke adana danshi da kuma free oxygen damar. A cakuda kusa-wellbore ƙasa sawdust, softwood itatuwa ne ba a cikin 1: 1, ko kuma maye gurbin humus duniya, ƙazanta a cikin wannan ringi.

al'ada yaduwa dabaru

Daya daga cikin hanyoyin da classic haifuwa aka dauke ta wajen cuttings. A tsari ba ya bambanta da dukan hadaddun da kuma kunshi dama, saukarwa:

1. A rassan suna sanya a kwance GROOVES tare da kadan zurfi da kadan prishpilivayut. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da tsofaffin itace, kamar yadda mazan nuna mafi munin ci gaban Manuniya da talauci acclimatized. A hanya aka yi a cikin fall da farkon spring.
2. GROOVES tare da hazelnut seedlings zuba a humus, anã shayar, kuma a cikin wuri na fastening sa kananan incisions sauƙaƙe cikin hanzari da ci gaban da koda.
3. The fi na taye zuwa hadarurruka, da kuma tsunkule fita girma batu.

Features tarin kwayoyi girbi

Girbe a marigayi Agusta - farkon watan Satumba, mayar da hankali a kan abscission 'ya'yan itatuwa da bushe wrapper. Gathering da bushe girbi, kwayoyi adana a bushe wuri. Akwai dokoki da kuma shawarwari yadda za a adana hazelnuts "Trebizond." The yawan amfanin ƙasa na itace ne game da 15 kilo.

Bayan mun girbe kwayoyi adana a bushe, sanyi wuri amma, kiyayye zazzabi tsarin mulki a cikin kewayon 4-13 digiri Celsius for 12 days. a 0-3 digiri Celsius - game 3-4 shekaru.